小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練.doc

小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. 動(dòng)詞的定義：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。表示動(dòng)詞的詞如ask ,walk等2. 動(dòng)詞的分類：（1） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立做謂語：如open，hold , learn（2） 系動(dòng)詞又稱連系動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立做謂語，后邊必須接表語組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等：be動(dòng)詞（3） 助動(dòng)詞，主要協(xié)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫做助動(dòng)詞。它本身沒有詞義，和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)：do、will、should、would（4） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。由于詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要后接動(dòng)詞完成謂語部分：must、can、could、may、will3. 動(dòng)詞的基本形式（1） 動(dòng)詞原形：動(dòng)詞未經(jīng)任何變化的原來形式。如：have、cut、see（2） 第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成法相似。 A.直接加“s” ：read-reads leave-leaves B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“s ”: come-comes close-closes C.以s. x. sh. ch.o結(jié)尾的單詞,加“es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goes D.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“es” : cry-cries E.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s” :play-plays（3） 過去式的變化規(guī)則： A.直接加“ed” ：look-looked watch-watched B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“d” : live-lived love-loved C.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry-cried D.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s ”:play-played E.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表InfinitivePast tense InfinitivePast tense1. am, iswas 2. keepkept3. arewere 4. letlet5. become became 6. make made7. begin began 8. meet met9. bite bit 10. put put11. blow blew 12. read read13. buy bought 14. ride rode15. catch caught 16. run ran17. come came 18. say said19. cost cost 20. see saw21. cut cut 22. sing sang23.dig dug 24. sit sat25.do did 26. sleep slept27. draw drew 28. speak spoke29. drink drank 30. sweep swept31. eat ate 32. take took33. fall fell 34.teach taught35. feed fed 36. tell told37.feel felt 38.think thought39. fly flew 40. throw threw41.forget forgot 42.understand understood43. get got 44. give gave45. wake woke 46. go went 47. wear wore 48. grow grew49. win won 50. have/has had51. write wrote 52. know knew53 .break broke4.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 表示經(jīng)常性、規(guī)律性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞一般用原形，但如果是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)（如Tony ，he ，she ），動(dòng)作詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主語前加do, does幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；在動(dòng)作詞前加dont, doesnt 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞：is , am , are ； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形； can, may, should，must 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；can, may, should, must后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。 4. 肯定祈使：動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它 否定祈使句：Dont +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它 5感嘆句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形A. 肯定句：(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 We come from China.(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 He comes from China.主語+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.B. 否定句：(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+dont +V+其它 We dont come from China. (第三人稱單數(shù)) 主語+doesnt +V+其它 He doesnt come from China.主語+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I arent from China.主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C一般疑問句：Do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 Do you come from China?Does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 Does he come from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+主語+其它 Are you from China?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語+ V+其它 She cant go.D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 Where do you come from? 特殊疑問詞+does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 Where does he come from? 特殊疑問詞+be (is, am, are)+主語+其它 Where are you from? 特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語+ V+其它 Can she go?二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be動(dòng)詞( is , am , are) + 動(dòng)詞ing (現(xiàn)在分詞)； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here. B. 否定句：主語+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They arent coming here.C. 一般疑問句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主語+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（is, am, are）+主語+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?三、一般過去時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞用過去式(ed ) ； 在主語前加did幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；在動(dòng)作詞前加didnt幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞的過去式：was , were； was , were 放在主語前幫助疑問句；was , were后面加上not幫助否定句。A. 肯定句：主語+Ved+其它 We came from China 主語+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China. B. 否定句：主語+didnt +V +其它 We didnt come from China. 主語+be (was, were) +not+其它 We werent from China.C一般疑問句：Did +主語+V +其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+主語+其它 Were you from China?D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+V +其它 Where did you from? 特殊疑問詞+ be (was, were)+主語+其它 Where were from?四、一般將來時(shí)：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。2. will+ 動(dòng)詞原形will放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；will后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。A. 肯定句：主語+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.主語+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主語+will not +V +其它 He wont dig a hole.主語+ be not going go +V +其它 He isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑問句：Will+主語+V+其它 Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主語going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+V+其它 What will he do? 特殊疑問詞+be(is, am, are) +主語going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be動(dòng)詞( was, were) + 動(dòng)詞ing； was, were 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；was, were后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.B. 否定句：主語+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasnt digging a hole.C. 一般疑問句：be（Was, Were）+主語+ Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（was, were）+主語+ Ving What was he doing（二）時(shí)態(tài)意義與結(jié)構(gòu)一覽表：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)意義與動(dòng)詞主語動(dòng)詞形式常用時(shí)間肯定句否定句(特殊)疑問句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞三單isis not (疑問詞) is +主語always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑問詞)am+主語you,復(fù)areare not(疑問詞)are+主語2. 表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、興趣愛好或能力。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所有主語can +Vcan not +V(疑問詞)can +主語+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑問詞)may+主語+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑問詞)must+主語+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑問詞)should+主語+V行為動(dòng)詞三單Vsdoesnt +V(疑問詞)does +主語+V非三單Vdont +V(疑問詞)do +主語+V3.祈使句be無BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行為無VDont +VListen to me. Dont push.4.感嘆句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般過去時(shí)表示過去了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞單youwaswas not(疑問詞) was +主語yesterday,this morning,before that,last復(fù)+youwerewere not(疑問詞)were+主語行為所有主語Veddidnt +V(疑問詞)did +主語+V現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。行為動(dòng)詞三單is +Vingis not +Ving(疑問詞) is +主語+Vingnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑問詞)am+主語+Vingyou,復(fù)are +Vingare not +Ving(疑問詞)are+主語+Ving過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。行為單youwas +Vingwas not +Ving(疑問詞)was+主語+Vingyesterdaythis morningat that timeat nine 復(fù)+youwere +Vingwere not +Ving(疑問詞)were+主語+Ving一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1be所有主語will+ bewont+ be(疑問詞)will+主語+ betomorrow,this evening,later,in a minute,after that,next行為Will+ Vwont +V(疑問詞)Will+主語+ V2行為動(dòng)詞三單is going to+Vis not going to+V(疑問詞)is+主語going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V(疑問詞)am+主語going to+Vyou,復(fù)are going to+Vare not going to+V(疑問詞)are+主語going to+V習(xí)題：1 I_(be not) a middle school student.2She _(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We_(be) a