小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc

I. 可數(shù)名詞 名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩部分。其中，可數(shù)名詞是表示能夠計(jì)算的人或物的名稱，他們通常有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式。 單數(shù)通常用a,an或者是one來(lái)表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy. 可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則1、 直接在單詞的后面加-s.photo-photos book-books egg-eggs student-students pen-pensvillage-villages cloud-clouds flower-flowershand-hands map-maps girl-girls2、 如果單詞以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾，通常要在單詞后面加-es.bus-buses class-classes box-box dress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watches fish-fishes 3、 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞要把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，則直接加上-s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、 以f,fe結(jié)尾的單詞，要把f,fe變?yōu)関，再加-es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves 5、 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫(xiě)，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 （有生命的加es，無(wú)生命的加s）potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos 6、 一些特殊的不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men sheep-sheep fish-fish deer-deer people-people child-childrenmouse-mice7、 有些名詞是通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。1II.不可數(shù)名詞1. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞主要是以物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞為主。它們通常沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與a ,an 連用。在表示“一”或“幾”的數(shù)量概念時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞必須與相應(yīng)的量詞連用。如果時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)的數(shù)量關(guān)系時(shí)，則把量詞變化，不可數(shù)名詞不變。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞語(yǔ)有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間2. some 與 any 詞語(yǔ)辨析some與any都表示“一些”，但它們的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句與一般疑問(wèn)句中。同學(xué)們要特別注意的是：some還可以用在客氣請(qǐng)求的一般疑問(wèn)句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑問(wèn)句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客氣請(qǐng)求的一般疑問(wèn)句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 詞語(yǔ)辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,這三個(gè)詞都是表示“許多”。many是用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞, much用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，a lot of則用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。例子：Peter has many friends .（可數(shù)名詞的前面） Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of friends. （可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面） 不可數(shù)名詞的歸類(lèi)1、 表示液體：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke2、表示自然現(xiàn)象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品類(lèi)：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food4、其它類(lèi)：newspaper, news, homework, housework21.給出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo army tomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 2.選擇填空1）There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2）This kind of car made in China.A. is B .are C .were D .has3）Thats art book.A. an B. a C. the D are4）The boys have got already.A. two breadB.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread5）The old man wants .A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7）There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8）There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9）We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth3watch child photo diary day foot book dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo-yo peach sandwich man woman paper juice_water milk rice tea deer people tomato leaf puppy box knife fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man roof sheep knife lady key story watch horse city family day apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy hero spy boss monkey city goat radio potato dog orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo armytomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 4be動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞有三兄弟：is，am, are 。I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟著he(他) she(她) it(它)，we(我們) you(你們)和they(他們)，復(fù)數(shù)（兩人以上）永遠(yuǎn)連著are. 解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are.1.否定句只需要在be動(dòng)詞后加 not,即:am not, is not=isntare not = arent2.一般疑問(wèn)句只需要將be動(dòng)詞提前至句首.即: Is .? Are .? 1)I _a student. 2) You _ a teacher.3)_she from Jinan? No, she _. 4) _you friends? No, we _. 5) He _ in Class 4, Grade 1. 6) It_ a car. 7) They _ cars. 8) _ your mother in China? 9) _your friends in New York? 10) What _her name? 11) These（這些） _ buses. 12) Those（那些） _oranges. 13) Where _ her mother? 14) How old _your teacher? 15) What class _ you in? 16)This _ my brother（哥哥、弟弟）.17)That _ a pencil. 18)Mike and I_ students.19)_ there an apple on the table（桌子）?Yes, there _.20)There_many books in the study.21)There_some ice cream in the fridge（冰箱）.22)There_a pear and some cakes on the table.23)The children_ playing in the bedroom.24)The rabbits_ eating grass.25) What_ your favorite subject（科目）?26) The girl_ drawing.27) I_ a letter（字母.）28. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.29. The girl_ Jacks sister（姐姐、妹妹）.30. The dog _ tall and fat.31. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.32. _ your brother in the classroom（教室）?33. Where _ your mother ？ She _ at home.34. How _ your father?35. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.36. Whose dress _ this?37. Whose socks（襪子） _ they?38. That _ my red skirt.39. Who _ I? 40.The socks _ on the desk.41. Here _ a book for you.42. Here _ some sweaters（毛衣） for you.43. The black shoes（鞋子） _ for Su Yang.44. _ there any kites in the classroom?45. There _ some apples on the tree.46.Some tea _ in the glass.47. Gao Shans shirt _ over there.48. My sisters name _Nancy.49. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.50. _ David and Helen from England?51. There _ a girl in the room.5be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞do/does的用法區(qū)別及練習(xí)1. 由連系am，is，are構(gòu)成的句子： 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把a(bǔ)m，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。 變否定句時(shí)直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如： 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Is he a student? 否定句: He is not a student. 畫(huà)線提問(wèn): 對(duì)he提問(wèn): Who is a student? 對(duì) a student 提問(wèn): What is he? or What does he do? 2. 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, should等構(gòu)成的句子: 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把can,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可. 變否定句時(shí)直接在can,may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Can she swim? 否定句: She can not swim. 畫(huà)線提問(wèn): 對(duì)she提問(wèn): Who can swim? 對(duì)swim提問(wèn): What can she do? 3. 由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子: 需要加助詞do或does. 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把do/does放在句子前面. 變否定句時(shí)把dont/doesnt放在動(dòng)詞的前面。要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。 一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。 例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. He plays football after school. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school? 否定句: They dont (do not) play football after school. He doesnt play football after school. 畫(huà)線提問(wèn): 對(duì)they/he提問(wèn): Who plays football after school? Who plays football after school? 對(duì)play football提問(wèn): What do they do after school? What does he do after school? 對(duì)after school提問(wèn): When do they play football? When does he play football?注意：1.在改疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，遇到主語(yǔ)人稱是第一人稱I、we的需要將人稱換成第二人稱you 2.在改疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，遇到some和and，將其改為any和or.按要求改寫(xiě)句子：1.I know the answer.(一般疑問(wèn)句) _ _ _the answer? 2. We can see some birds.(一般疑問(wèn)句) _ _ see _ birds?3.He designs clothes.(一般疑問(wèn)句) _ he _ clothes? 4.There are some flowers on the teachers desk.(一般疑問(wèn)句) _ _ _ flowers on the teachers desk? 5.There are some apples on the tree.(否定句) There _ _ _ apples on the tree. 6.I think he is very old.(否定句) I _ think he _ very old. 7.Please colour it green.(否定句) _ _ colour it green. 8.These doctors are helpful.(變否定句) _ _ _ _. 9.You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑問(wèn)句) _ _ _ _ _?. 11.This sign means “No smoking”.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) What _ this sign _? 12.She looks young. （改一般疑問(wèn)句） _ she _ young? 13.She is young.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） _ _ _? 14.My pencils are in the pencil-box.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ your pencils?15.I get up at six every day.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _ you get up every day?16.They like to walk home.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句) _ they _ _ _ _? 17. You should add water often.（一般疑問(wèn)句） _ _ _ water often? 6一般疑問(wèn)句一、什么是一般疑問(wèn)句1.定義：用Yes或No作答的疑問(wèn)句叫一般疑問(wèn)句。2.特點(diǎn)：1、以be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭； eg: Is your father a teacher? Does Catherine like animals? Can Jenny speak French? 2、往往讀升調(diào)； 3、譯成漢語(yǔ)，都可以帶上“嗎” eg: 上面三句可分別譯為：你父親是老師嗎？ 凱瑟琳喜歡動(dòng)物嗎？ 詹妮會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎？二陳述句和一般疑問(wèn)句間的轉(zhuǎn)換 要將陳述句變成一般疑問(wèn)句，可以遵循下列步驟：1.看句中有沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞（am、is、 are、 was、 were）助動(dòng)詞（do、does、 did、 have、 had）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can、must、will、may等），如果有， 將其提到句首，句末打上問(wèn)號(hào)即可。 eg: It was rainy yesterday. Was it rainy yesterday? Toms father can play the piano. Can Toms father play the piano? I have finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? 2.如果句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式借助 do的相應(yīng)形式放在句首。具體方法是：如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，則借do； 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式，則借does；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 是過(guò)去式，則借did. 需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 要變回原形。 eg：They go to school by bike. Do they go to school by bike? Bill gets up at 6:30 every day. Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day? The students saw a film yesterday. Did the students see a film yesterday? 陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) 陳述句變成一般疑問(wèn)句除了遵循上述規(guī)則以外，還應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)： 1.如果陳述句中有第一人稱，則變問(wèn)句時(shí)最好要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q。 eg：I usually have lunch at school. Do you usually have lunch at school? My father is playing soccer. Is your father playing soccer? 2.如果陳述句中有some, 則變問(wèn)句時(shí)往往要變成any 。 eg： There is some water on the playground. Is there any water on the playground? 3.復(fù)合句變一般疑問(wèn)句通常只變主句，從句不變。 eg：I know he comes from Canada. Do you know he comes from Canada? 7 三.一般疑問(wèn)句往往采用簡(jiǎn)短回答 由三部分（三個(gè)單詞）組成，對(duì)這三部分（三個(gè)單詞）的確定可以概括例下：1.第一個(gè)詞：不是Yes就是No。（有時(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣的不同，Yes可由Sure, Certainly, Of course等代替.NO可 由sorry 代替.）2.第二個(gè)詞：?jiǎn)栒l(shuí)答誰(shuí)。即答語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)須與問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)一致（但必須用主 格代詞）。 eg：Does she clean her room every day? Yes, she does. Is Annas father a doctor? No，he isnt. 如果主語(yǔ)是 this that,回答時(shí)用 it 代替，如果問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)these, those, 回答時(shí)用 they 代替。 3.第三個(gè)詞：用什么問(wèn)，用什么答。即沿用問(wèn)句中的引導(dǎo)詞。 Can Jim play soccer? Yes, he can. Does Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he does. 需要注意問(wèn)題：（1）.用 may 引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句，肯定回答用may，否定回答 用 cant 或mustnt 用 must 引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句，肯定回答用 must，否定回 答用neednt. eg：May I go to the park now? Yes, you may. /No, you mustnt. Must I wash my clothes now? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt. 4用No開(kāi)頭作否定回答時(shí),結(jié)尾要加上 not。因?yàn)榛卮鸨仨毷侨糠郑?所以否定回答必須縮寫(xiě)，而肯定回答不能縮寫(xiě)。 eg:Did Thomas come here yesterday? Yes, he did./ No ,he didnt. Is Lin Lin in Class 3? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.或（No, shes not）.83、英語(yǔ)句型變化總結(jié)練習(xí)1. Itisalovelydog. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 2. Sheislovelygirl. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 3. Heismyfather. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 4. TheyareLilyscousins. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 5. Weareclassmates. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 6. Iamadoctor. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 7. Thereisabirdinthetree. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 8. Therearesomestarsinthesky. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 9. Theyaregoodfriends. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 10. Hisfathergoestoworkbybus. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 11. Iplaycomputergameseverynight. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 12. IliketoreadEnglish. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 13. Igotoschoolonfoot. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 14. Wehaveapleasanthome. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 15. Weliketoclimbthemountain. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 916. TheygotochurchonSunday. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 17. Theywalktoschooleverymorning. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 18. Thesecatsarecrying. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 19. Theycanswim. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 20. Youwillbeasinger. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 21. Hegoestoschooleveryday. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 22. HelikesEnglish. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 1、用dodoesbe填空 1_sheknowalltheanswers? Yes,she_.No,she_.2_thetwinsoftenfight? Yes,_do.No,_dont3_yourdadlikelisteningtomusic? Yes,_does.No,_doesnt.4_uncleTomwashhiscareveryday? Yes,_does.No,_doesnt.5_youhaveanewteacher? Yes,I_.No,I_.6_sheateacher? Yes,she_.No,she_.7_youplayingballnow? Y