小升初英語(yǔ)閱讀理解方面的技巧.doc

小升初英語(yǔ)閱讀理解方面的技巧樂(lè)加樂(lè)英語(yǔ)小升初團(tuán)隊(duì)的馮嘉怡老師，你們也可以叫我Carrie。 從今天起，我會(huì)每周定期和大家分享關(guān)于小升初英語(yǔ)閱讀理解方面的技巧。歡迎大家積極回復(fù)，我也會(huì)根據(jù)大家的回饋及時(shí)更新和解答的哦。 閱讀一直是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，近年來(lái)，注重對(duì)閱讀理解能力的考核更漸漸成為小升初的一大趨勢(shì)。不久前，我看到一個(gè)PPT原則，覺(jué)得很有道理，在這里跟大家分享一下。所謂PPT，就是perseverance（堅(jiān)持），practice（練習(xí)）和technique（技巧）。在做閱讀的時(shí)候，很多小朋友可能都會(huì)遇到單詞不懂的情況，其實(shí)單詞量的大小與閱讀能力是密切相關(guān)的。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)就是一個(gè)積累的過(guò)程。所以堅(jiān)持每天學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞，復(fù)習(xí)舊的單詞是很有必要的哦。另外，“Practice makes perfect“。Carrie老師建議大家每天花15-20分鐘的時(shí)間做閱讀，這樣有助于培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感，文感和手感。有了堅(jiān)持的勇氣，加上大量的練習(xí)，再結(jié)合一些技巧，那就事半功倍啦。小升初英語(yǔ)閱讀題型傳統(tǒng)的主要有兩種，包括判斷正誤和單項(xiàng)選擇。另外還有兩種新的考法，即給文章中空缺部分選擇相應(yīng)的句子（2013年大聯(lián)盟）和填空形式回答問(wèn)題。今天，我們主要來(lái)講一下判斷正誤型的閱讀題。下面，我們一起來(lái)實(shí)戰(zhàn)一下吧！Look up into the sky. What can you see? You can see the sun. At night,you can see the moon and many many stars. The moon is nearer us than the sun.The sun is much farther. The moon looks almost as large as the sun. But the sunis really much larger. The sun is a star. It is a big ball of fire. It sendsout light. The moon is a satellite(衛(wèi)星). It doesnt send out light. There isnt any air on the moon. There areno trees, grass or water on the moon. During the day it is very hot, but at nightit can be -129。()1.The moon is as large as thesun.()2. The sun is a big ball offire.()3. The moon sends outlight.()4. There arent any trees onthe moon.()5. On the moon, it is very coldall the day.解題三部曲：第一步：瀏覽五個(gè)句子，理解每個(gè)句子的意思可以得知：五個(gè)句子分別關(guān)于月亮和太陽(yáng)的大小比較，太陽(yáng)是火球，月亮發(fā)光，月球上沒(méi)有樹(shù)木和月球溫度的描述。劃出關(guān)鍵詞moon, sun, as large as; sun, big ball of fire; moon, send out light;arent any trees, moon; moon, cold, all the day.第二步：有目的地在原文中尋找相應(yīng)描述的句子，詳細(xì)請(qǐng)看答案解析。第三步：用火眼金睛嚴(yán)格比照原文與所給句子的異同。答案：1.F答案解析：原文中關(guān)于月亮與太陽(yáng)大小比較的描述：“The moonlooks almostaslarge as the sun.”與所給句子對(duì)比，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)缺了look almost（看起來(lái)幾乎）。所以該題錯(cuò)在擴(kuò)大范圍，看起來(lái)幾乎一樣大與一樣大是完全不同的概念，另外，從后面“But the sun is really much larger.”也可以得出答案。2.T答案解析：原文中關(guān)于太陽(yáng)是火球的描述：“Thesun is a star. It is a big ball of fire.”it作為代詞，指代前文中The sun.所以?xún)删浣Y(jié)合就是The sun is a big ball of fire.剛好與所給句子吻合。3.F答案解析：原文中關(guān)于月亮發(fā)光的描述：“Themoon is a satellite(衛(wèi)星). It doesnt send out light.”it作為代詞，指代前文中The moon.所以?xún)删浣Y(jié)合為T(mén)he moon doesnt send out light.錯(cuò)在正反混淆，剛好所給句子與原文意思相反。4.T答案解析：關(guān)于月球上是否存在生物的描述：“There are no trees, grass or water on the moon.”no=not any，所以該句屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)換。5.F答案解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，找到原文中有關(guān)moon,cold和all the day的描述：“During theday it is very hot, but at night it can be -129”所以duringthe day與at night是截然不同的，所給句子中“all the day”擴(kuò)大了范圍。好啦，說(shuō)了這么多，打鐵趁熱，下面我們就來(lái)小小測(cè)試一下吧。閱讀短文,判斷下列句子是否與短文內(nèi)容相符,用T表示相符，F(xiàn)表示不符。A fox was looking for food. He was very hungry. Then he saw a lot of nicegrapes at the top of the tree.“How nice they are!I want to eat them.” The fox jumped andjumped, but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes. The fox wentaway and said. “ I dont like grapes. Theyre not good to eat.” ( ) 1. The fox was playing nearthe tree. ( ) 2. There were many grapesat the top of the tree. ( ) 3. The fox did not like thegrapes. ( ) 4. The fox went awaybecause (因?yàn)? the grapes were not good to eat.答案將在下周揭曉，小朋友們快點(diǎn)在回復(fù)區(qū)寫(xiě)上自己的答案吧。上周留下的題目，有沒(méi)有小朋友全對(duì)呢？下面我們來(lái)揭曉一下吧。題目回顧：閱讀短文,判斷下列句子是否與短文內(nèi)容相符,用T表示相符，F(xiàn)表示不符。A fox was looking for food. He was very hungry. Then he saw a lot of nicegrapes at the top of the tree.“How nice they are!I want to eat them.” The fox jumped andjumped, but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes. The fox wentaway and said. “ I dont like grapes. Theyre not good to eat.” ( ) 1. The fox was playing nearthe tree. ( ) 2. There were many grapesat the top of the tree. ( ) 3. The fox did not like thegrapes. ( ) 4. The fox went awaybecause (因?yàn)? the grapes were notgood to eat.1. F答案解析：該句子描述的是狐貍的活動(dòng)，關(guān)鍵詞是play, near the tree.掃描一輪可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，原文中關(guān)于描述狐貍活動(dòng)的句子是:”A fox was looking for food.”比較之后就知道，狐貍不是在玩，而是在找吃的，所以錯(cuò)在偷換概念。2. T答案解析：該句子指樹(shù)頂上有很多葡萄，關(guān)鍵詞是grapes, the top of the tree. 原文中相應(yīng)的句子是：“Then he saw a lot of nice grapes at the top of the tree?！北容^得知，兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)的是同樣的意思，所以正確。3. F答案解析：這一道題相對(duì)會(huì)有一點(diǎn)難度，因?yàn)樗O(shè)置了個(gè)小陷阱，不知道聰明的小朋友們有沒(méi)有識(shí)破呢？如果只是掃描原文，很容易會(huì)被“I dont like grapes.”這句話(huà)混淆，以為狐貍真的不愛(ài)吃葡萄，狐貍這么狡猾，他的話(huà)能不能信呢？這個(gè)時(shí)候就需要聯(lián)系上下文了。其實(shí)真正能表明狐貍是否喜歡葡萄的，應(yīng)該是前面的一句話(huà)，“How nice they are! I want to eat them.”當(dāng)狐貍第一眼發(fā)現(xiàn)葡萄的時(shí)候，就發(fā)出了感嘆，“這葡萄多好呀，我想要吃。”由此可得，狐貍是喜歡葡萄的哦。4. F答案解析：這一題跟第三題很像，因?yàn)樗恢剐枰獟呙柙模瑢?duì)比原文，還要聯(lián)系上下文，揣摩隱藏的意思。由上一題，我們可以知道，狐貍是喜歡吃葡萄的，而且他有努力地去摘，但原文還有一句很關(guān)鍵的話(huà)，“but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes.”（樹(shù)太高了，狐貍摘不了葡萄。）也正是因?yàn)楹偝圆坏狡咸?，才?huì)說(shuō)葡萄不好吃，這也就是所謂“吃不到的葡萄是酸的”的道理了。因此，狐貍離開(kāi)，不是真的因?yàn)槠咸巡缓贸?，而是他吃不到。另外，”but”常常提示下文更重要，小朋友們以后做閱讀的時(shí)候也要多加留意。 閱讀一直是小升初試題中的重頭戲，夸張點(diǎn)說(shuō)，“得閱讀者，得小升初。”所以小朋友們一定要多花心思在閱讀上哦。好啦，下面讓我們一起進(jìn)入最?？嫉膯雾?xiàng)選擇型閱讀的技巧分享啦。好啦，事不宜遲，小朋友們，我們一起來(lái)實(shí)戰(zhàn)一下吧。There is a frog(青蛙). He lives in a well（井） and he never（從未）goes out of the well. He thinks the sky is as big as the mouth of thewell.One day a crow（烏鴉） comes to the well. He sees the frog and say,”Frog, lets have a talk.” Then the frog asks,” Where are you from?”“I fly from the sky,” the crow says.The frog feels surprised and says,” The sky is only as big asthe mouth of the well. How do you fly from the sky?” The crow says,“ The sky isvery big. You always stay in the well, so you dont know the world is big.” Thefrog says,” I dont believe(相信).”But he crowsays,“ You can come out and have a look by yourself.” So the frog comes outfrom the well. He is very surprised. How big the world is!()1. The frog lives in . A. A garden B. a pond(池塘) C. a well()2. The frog thinks the sky is. A. very big B. very small C. very high() 3.The crow from a well A. is B. isnt C. doesnt() 4. The frog is very surprised when he comes out from the well, because_ A. he doesnt know the world is so big B. he doesnt know he can jump high C. he doesnt know the sky is blue()5. The best(最好的)Chinese title of the story is A. 青蛙和烏鴉 B.青蛙看天空 C. 井底之蛙答案：1. C答案解析：這一題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是青蛙的住處，掃描原文，找到相應(yīng)的描述為：“There is a frog. He lives in a well.”所以答案是well, 井。2. B答案解析：這一題屬于細(xì)節(jié)加推理題。題目問(wèn)的是青蛙眼里天空的大小，掃描原文，定位到：“He thinks the sky is as big as the mouth of the well.”asas（跟一樣），跟井口一樣大小，根據(jù)常識(shí)推理，井口很小，那青蛙眼中的天空自然也小，所以選very small.3. B答案解析：這一題也是細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)烏鴉來(lái)自何方。掃描原文，定位到：“I fly from the sky.”由此可知，烏鴉從天上飛來(lái)，而不是從井里來(lái)。表示來(lái)自有兩種說(shuō)法，包括be from和come from some places. 所以正確答案應(yīng)該是The crow doesntcome froma well. 或者 The crowisnt froma well.4. A答案解析：這一題是推理題。題目問(wèn)青蛙出井之后驚訝的原因。首先，小朋友們需要找到原文中提到青蛙驚訝的地方，即：“So the frogcomes out from the well. He is very surprised.”接著后一句則是推理的提示：“How big the world is!”（青蛙的感嘆：這個(gè)世界真大?。。┯蛇@個(gè)感嘆句，我們可以推斷，青蛙之前從未想到過(guò)世界這么大，所以感到驚訝。5. C答案解析：這一題屬于主旨大意題中的標(biāo)題選擇。做這種題，小朋友們首先需要理解這篇文章的中心思想。細(xì)讀原文，我們可以知道，文章主要講一只在井底生活的青蛙，一開(kāi)始以為天空只有井口大小，后來(lái)在烏鴉的勸說(shuō)下，爬出了井，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界很大的故事。所以文章的主角是青蛙，排除A（范圍太大）；而故事發(fā)生的地方井也是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。正是因?yàn)榍嗤茉诰?，才?huì)有錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，爬出井后，青蛙才看到了真正的天空。B答案沒(méi)有提到井，所以也排除了，正確答案為C。【補(bǔ)充】標(biāo)題選擇題的原則選帽原則 小朋友們，當(dāng)你們選擇帽子的時(shí)候，覺(jué)得什么才是最重要的呢？相信大部分的小朋友都會(huì)說(shuō)大小。對(duì)啦，只有大小合適，帽子才戴得進(jìn)去呀。同樣的，選擇文章標(biāo)題的時(shí)候，也要大小合適哦，一方面，標(biāo)題要能概括全文的中心思想，另一方面，又不能范圍太大，否則就沒(méi)有針對(duì)性了。另外，大小合適的帽子，也要有好看的款式和顏色才能吸引到小朋友們，對(duì)吧？所以，選擇標(biāo)題的時(shí)候，也要盡量挑選醒目，簡(jiǎn)潔，突出的標(biāo)題哦。打鐵趁熱，下面我們就來(lái)小小測(cè)試一下吧。On Christmasmorning, children like to get up early to find the presents in the stockings（長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)襪）or under theChristmas trees. On Christmas Day, Mike got up at six twenty. He quickly put onthe clothes and looked for his present in the stocking. “Wow, what a lovely toydog! I like it very much.” He said happily. Them he ran down to the groundfloor to see whats in the box. He shook（搖）the box andlistened. His sister, Nancycame to him, “Oh, Mike, you are taking my present.” “What? Open it and have alook!” Then they opened the box, a pretty dress in it. Mike looked around, andhe saw another box for him under the tree.( )1. Mike gotup at _. A. twenty tosix B. twenty past six C. six( )2. Thelovely dog was for _. A. Nancy B. Nancys sister C. Nancys brother( )3. Thepretty dress was for _. A. Mike B. Mikes sister C. Mikes brother( )4. Mike got_ presents from his family.A. onlyone B. two C. three( )5. Whatsin the box for Mike? A. a toydog. B. A skateboard. C. Sorry, I dont know.答案將在下周揭曉，小朋友們快點(diǎn)在回復(fù)區(qū)寫(xiě)上自己的答案吧。上周Carrie老師給大家分享了單項(xiàng)選擇型閱讀理解的解題技巧，小朋友們還記得嗎？讓我們通過(guò)上次留下來(lái)的閱讀題，來(lái)回顧一下吧。題目回顧：On Christmasmorning, children like to get up early to find the presents in the stockings（長(zhǎng)筒襪）or under the Christmastrees. On Christmas Day, Mike got up at six twenty. He quickly put on theclothes and looked for his present in the stocking. “Wow, what a lovely toydog! I like it very much.” He said happily. Then he ran down to the groundfloor to see whats in the box. He shook（搖）the box and listened. His sister, Nancy came to him, “Oh,Mike, you are taking my present.” “What? Open it and have a look!” Then theyopened the box, a pretty dress in it. Mike looked around, and he saw anotherbox for him under the tree.( )1. Mike got up at _.A. twenty to six B. twenty past six C. six( )2. The lovely dog was for _. A. Nancy B. Nancys sister C. Nancys brother( )3. The pretty dress was for _. A. Mike B. Mikes sister C. Mikes brother( )4. Mike got_ presents from his family.A. only one B. two C. three( )5. Whats in the box for Mike? A. a toy dog. B. A skate board. C. Sorry, I dont know.答案：1. B解析：這一題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是邁克起床的時(shí)間，掃描原文，找到相應(yīng)的描述為：“Mike got up at six twenty.”也就是6點(diǎn)20分，相同的表達(dá)為twenty past six，所以選B。注意不要跟A混淆了，twentyto six指還差20分到6點(diǎn)，也就是5點(diǎn)40分。2. C解析：這一題屬于細(xì)節(jié)加推理題。題目問(wèn)的是可愛(ài)的玩具狗是送給誰(shuí)的，掃描原文，定位到：“He quickly put on the clothes and looked for his present in thestocking. “Wow, what a lovely toy dog!”Mike在他的長(zhǎng)筒襪里找到了玩具狗，也就是說(shuō)這個(gè)狗是送給他的，而后文又提到，“His sister，Nancy.”也就是說(shuō)，Mike是Nancys brother.3. B解析：這一題屬于細(xì)節(jié)加推理題。掃描原文，定位到dress出現(xiàn)的地方。也就是“Then they opened the box, apretty dress in it.”往前看，提示答案的關(guān)鍵線(xiàn)索就在于“His sister, Nancycame to him, “Oh, Mike, you are taking my present.”由此可知，dress是Nancy的，也就是Mikes sister。4. B解析：該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，但并不直接顯示答案，而是需要小朋友們加以總結(jié)。第一個(gè)禮物在于“He quickly put on the clothes and looked for his present in thestocking.“第二個(gè)禮物在于”Then he ran down to the ground floorto see whats in the box.“所以在長(zhǎng)筒襪和盒子里都有禮物。5. C解析：這一道題是一個(gè)陷阱題。粗心的小朋友可能會(huì)選擇A，因?yàn)閍 toy dog也是Mike收獲的一個(gè)禮物（在長(zhǎng)筒襪里）。但要注意題目問(wèn)的是Mike的盒子里的那份禮物是什么。原文中有關(guān)的描述只有“Mike lookedaround, and he saw another box for him under the tree.“說(shuō)到Mike找到了盒子之后就結(jié)束了，并未提及里面的禮物是什么。好了，小朋友們，有沒(méi)有全對(duì)呢？現(xiàn)在都理解了嗎？還有疑問(wèn)的，可以隨時(shí)在回復(fù)上留言哦，Carrie老師一定會(huì)及時(shí)給大家解答的！這一周，就讓我們一起來(lái)聊聊做閱讀正確的讀題習(xí)慣吧。如何能在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，找到最多的信息，做對(duì)最多的題目呢？ 首先，我們需要對(duì)抗“五大敵人“，也就是影響我們正確閱讀的五大不良習(xí)慣。 這些做法都會(huì)降低閱讀速度，分散小朋友們的注意力，當(dāng)然，有時(shí)候我們看到后文，可能會(huì)有意識(shí)地聯(lián)系一下前面的內(nèi)容，但過(guò)多的回視會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響閱讀速度，對(duì)梳理文章思路也不利哦。所以，培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，就從打敗這些“小敵人“開(kāi)始吧。那么，正確的閱讀習(xí)慣，應(yīng)該是怎么樣的呢？Lets see.下面，小朋友們快來(lái)比較一下平常的閱讀習(xí)慣和今天所講的閱讀新方法吧。請(qǐng)按平常習(xí)慣進(jìn)行閱讀：Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten oclock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 oclock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 oclock in the afternoon, we played pingpong.請(qǐng)用今天所學(xué)方法進(jìn)行閱讀：Last Sunday/was a funny day./Liu Tao/came to my home/in the morning./We/studied English/together./We/read some funny English stories./At about ten oclock,/we/went toChennan Park/on foot./And we/fished there./It was/very interesting./We/cooked lunch/at about 12 oclock/and it was/very nice. Then/we/cleaned the kitchen./We/watched TV/after lunch./At about 4 oclock/in the afternoon,/we/played pingpong 怎么樣？小朋友們，第一次嘗試有感覺(jué)到閱讀速度提高了嗎？如果有，那就恭喜啦，這樣以后做閱讀就可以節(jié)省很多時(shí)間了；如果還沒(méi)有，也不要心急哦，好的習(xí)慣不是一天就能練成的，要時(shí)刻督促自己，堅(jiān)持用以上四種方法閱讀哦。好啦！讀完之后，讓我們繼續(xù)把后面的題目做完吧！Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten oclock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 oclock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 oclock in the afternoon, we played pingpong.( )1. Mike watched TV _. A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening( )2. Mike and Liu Tao went fishing _. A. at home B. in Chennan Park C. at school( )3. They went to the park _. A. on foot B. by bus C. by bike( )4. This afternoon they also _. A. played football. B. played basketball. C. played table tennis.( )5. Who cooked lunch? _. A. Mike. B. Mike and Liu Tao. C. Mikes mother.答案將在下周揭曉，小朋友們快點(diǎn)在回復(fù)區(qū)寫(xiě)上自己的答案吧。上周Carrie老師給大家分享了良好的閱讀讀題習(xí)慣，小朋友們還記得嗎？經(jīng)過(guò)一周的嘗試，大家有沒(méi)有把五大“小敵人”消滅了呢？咦，到底有哪五大，是不是有點(diǎn)記不住了？那我們?cè)賮?lái)回顧一下吧。A. 用手或者筆指著單詞閱讀 B. 復(fù)讀，回讀 C. 一個(gè)單詞一個(gè)單詞閱讀D. 有聲閱讀 E. 邊閱讀邊查字典好啦，速度提高了，質(zhì)量有沒(méi)有跟上來(lái)呢？現(xiàn)在我們就來(lái)揭曉一下上周的答案吧。題目回顧：Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten oclock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 oclock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 oclock in the afternoon, we played pingpong.( )1.Mike watched TV _. A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening( )2. Mike and Liu Tao went fishing _. A. at home B. in Chennan Park C. at school( )3. They went to the park _. A. on foot B. by bus C. by bike( )4. This afternoon they also _. A. played football. B. played basketball. C. played table tennis.( )5. Who cooked lunch? _. A. Mike. B. Mike and Liu Tao. C. Mikes mother.答案：1. B解析：該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，然而，與一般考試不同的是，它沒(méi)有按照順序出題，所以答案要在比較靠后的地方才能找到。根據(jù)答題思路，我們先看題目，確定關(guān)鍵詞Mike，watch TV，掃描原文，找到對(duì)應(yīng)句子為：“We watched TV after lunch.”同義轉(zhuǎn)換可得，afterlunch，午飯后，也就是in the afternoon.2. B解析：該題也屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，需要注意地點(diǎn)副詞there。首先，確定問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵詞為fish.掃描原文，得到：“And we fished there.”再聯(lián)系上文，“we went to Chennan Park on foot.”找到there所指的地點(diǎn)就是Chennan Park。3. A解析：該題直接在原文中即可找到答案。“wewent to Chennan Park on foot.”由此得知他們是走路去公園的。4. C解析：先看問(wèn)題，可以知道該題問(wèn)的是下午Mike和Liu Tao所做的運(yùn)動(dòng)。閱讀原文，可以找到：“At about 4 oclockin the afternoon,we played pingpong.“同義轉(zhuǎn)換，pingpong也就是乒乓球，還有一個(gè)表達(dá)為table tennis.5. B解