英語(yǔ)16種時(shí)態(tài)-講解.doc

第2章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一. 概念:時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài).英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的.英語(yǔ)有16種時(shí)態(tài),但中學(xué)階段較常用的有十種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),英在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).將來(lái)完成時(shí) 1） 構(gòu)成will have done2） 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí)，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。）c. 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。 d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3） 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車(chē)時(shí)摔了下來(lái)，受了傷。 It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí)，正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1） 概念：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。例如：Shell be coming soon. 她會(huì)很快來(lái)的。Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來(lái)我一定去見(jiàn)他。注意：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示意志，不能說(shuō) Ill be having a talk with her.2）常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此時(shí)，我正躺在海灘上呢。15. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。16. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1 ） 書(shū)上說(shuō)，報(bào)紙上說(shuō)等。例如： The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說(shuō)明天會(huì)很冷的。2） 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。例如：Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破侖的軍隊(duì)正在向前挺進(jìn)，大戰(zhàn)開(kāi)始了17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1） 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如： I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)了他將去倫敦。 I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。2） 用句型 It is since代替It has been since 。例如：It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 從我們上次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)，五年過(guò)去了。18. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 在Here comes/There goes等句型里，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： There goes the bell. 鈴響了。19. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) 1） 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。例如： Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一起度周末好嗎? We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。2） 漸變動(dòng)詞，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬間動(dòng)詞die等。例如： He is dying. 他要死了。20.時(shí)態(tài)一致 1） 如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對(duì)不變的事實(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時(shí)，人們不知道地球是動(dòng)的。 He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。 2） 賓語(yǔ)從句中的，助動(dòng)詞ought, need, must, dare 的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。例如： He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。三.鞏固練習(xí):1、I ll give the book to him as soon as he _ back.2、Has the baby _ crying yet? (stop)3、I don t know whether Mother_ me to Beijing next month.(take)4、She _ on her coat and went out. (put)5、 “What are they doing?” “They_ ready for the sports meeting.” (get)6、The boy asked his mother _him go and play basketball.(let)7、Im sorry to keep you _ for a long time. (wait)8、It _ (take) him half an hour_ (finish) his homework yesterday.9、If it _ an interesting film, well see it tomorrow. (be)10、They usually _ (do) their homework after supper.11、Listen! Who _(sing) in the next room now?12、_(be) your parents in Shanghai last year?13、Mr. Yu _(teach) us maths since 1982.14、They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.15、Li Ming often _ (listen) to the radio in the morning.16、A: “Father, may I go out and play football?” B: “_you _(do) your homework?”17、All the people in the town are glad _(hear) that a famous musician _ a concert this Saturday evening.( give)18、Our teacher told us if it _(not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day.19、They often _ (play) football in the afternoon.20、A: Whatre you doing Dad? B: I_(mend) the radio.21、Lets _(carry) the boxes to the house.22、Yesterday she _(want) very much to see the film, but she couldnt _(get) a ticket.23、I _(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.24、Mike _(visit) several places since he came to Beijing.25、He _ (write) four letters to his wife every month.26、Don t make any noise, Grandma _(sleep).27、His aunt _ (do) some cooking when he came in .28、When they _(reach) the station, the train had already left.29、There _(be) a meeting next Monday.30、We _ (know) each other since our boyhood.31、Sometimes my father _ (come) back home late.32、They _ (have) an English evening next week.33、Im very glad_ (hear) that.34、Wei Fang isnt here. She _ (go) to the reading-room.35、The story _ (happen) long ago.36、They _ (visit) the History Museum last week.37、Zhang Hong _ (make) many friends since she came to Paris.38、She _ (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.39、Stay here, bag. Dont go out. It _(rain) now.40、Li Ping_ (write) a composition every week.41、The scientist _ (give) us a talk yesterday.42、My parents _ (live) in Beijing since 1949.43、Look! The young worker_ (show) the students around the factory now.44、They _ (build) a new bridge over the river next year.45、The students_ (clean) their classroom tomorrow.46、The windows of our lab _ (clean) once a week.47、Our teacher _ (join) the party twenty years ago.48、The boys_ (have) a basketball match now. Lets _(go) and _(watch).49、She_ (work) in this factory for ten years.50、 “What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?” the