初中英語語法講解與練習(xí)【介詞】_免費下載.doc

介 詞 1 表示時間的介詞：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。2 表示地點，位置，方向的介詞：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等3 表示原因，理由的介詞：for, as, at, from 等4 表示方式的介詞：on, in, by, with 等。常用介詞辨析1 表示時間的in, on, at, after1) in 的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季節(jié)等。In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段時間后。In a week, in a years time, in two hours2) on 的用法用于具體某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Years ay用于描述性的時間。On a cold night, on a winter day3) at 的用法用于具體的鐘點。At 12 oclock, at half nine用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4) after 表示在一點時間以后。After twelve oclock2. 表示的地點的 in, on , atin指大地方，at是小地點， in表示的是體，on表示的是面，at表示的是點。They will arrive in Shanghai.他們將到上海。They will arrive at the school.他們將到學(xué)校。They live on the ninth floor.他們住在九樓。I will meet you at the bus stop.我在車站接你。in可指內(nèi)部， on可指“在之上”There are six windows in the wall.墻上有6 扇窗子。There are five pictures on the wall.墻上貼著5 幅畫。3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物體接觸。2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。There will be two bridges over the river.河上將有兩座橋。The ball is under the desk.桌子下有一只球。4. between, among Between指兩者之間, among指三者或三者以上。There will be a match between Tom and me. 湯姆和我之間將要有一場比賽。The teacher is standing among the students. 老師正站在學(xué)生們中間。但有時在數(shù)量不多的個體之間進行選擇，可用Between.You can choose between the books on the table.你可以在桌子的書中進行選擇。5. across, over, throughAcross表示從這一邊到另一邊的橫過, over表示從空間通過, through則表示從內(nèi)部空間穿過。Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳過湖嗎？You must go through the forest at once. 你必須馬上穿過樹林。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。6. with, in, byWith后跟工具, in后跟語言、材料等, by跟某種方式。I can write with a pen. 我能用筆寫。Can you tell the story in French? 你能用法語講故事嗎？What do you mean by this? 你這是什么意思？7. 看似相同，但意義有別的詞組。At school 在上學(xué) At the school 在學(xué)校In front of 在前邊（外部） In the front of 在前部（內(nèi)部）In class 在課上 In the class 在這個班In bed 在睡覺 In the bed 在床上In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在醫(yī)院里Go to school 去上學(xué) Go to the school 去學(xué)校練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空l He knows everything _ the school.l He usually goes out for a walk _ lunch.l I have lunch _ half past eleven.l Please look _ the blackboard.l He had a hard life _ liberation. But _ liberation they live a happy life.l Children like to hear stories _ UFO.l They work _8:00 _16:00.l When do they get up _ the morning?l Will we go _ bus or _ foot?l The story happened _ the liberation war.l We have learned a lot _ you.l The cup was broken _ her.l Where are you _? Im _Beijing.l We are working _ the people.l It is time _ breakfast.l Class begins _ nine.l We come _ different parts of America.l She lives _ her father.l She often gets up _ half past six _ the morning.l We stay here _ six months.l You are leaving _ Shanghai.l He was born _ 1986.l We usually have meetings _ Saturday afternoon.l Beijing is the capital _ china.l My Pen is _ the box. The box is _ the desk the desk is _ the classroom the classroom is _ the building.l _ summer it is hot _ Nanjing.l Have a cup _ coffee please.l Xiao Li was born _ March25,1991.介詞的用法與練習(xí)I. 介詞的種類 1.簡單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2. 復(fù)合介詞，如 on to ,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。 3. 介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系 (1)和動詞的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。 (2)和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat (3)和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等. *介詞后常跟人稱代詞的賓格和動詞的ing形式。II. 某些介詞的意義與用法區(qū)別1. at,on,in(表時間) : at表示時間的一點；in表示一個時期；on表示特殊日子A. at后常接幾點幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。如： atfiveoclock（五點），atdown（黎明），atdaybreak（天亮），atsunrise（日 出）atnoon（中午），atsunset（日落），atmidnight（半夜），atthebeginningofthemonth（月初），atthattime（那時），atthatmoment（那會兒），atthistimeofday（在一天的這個時候）。 B.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)等。如： in2006（2006年），inMay，2004（2004年五月），inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世紀(jì)），inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/個月），inaweek（一周），inspring（春季）。 C.on后跟某日，星期幾，某日的朝夕，節(jié)日等,即具體某一天極其早中、晚.onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一個溫暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12月的一個夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午），onthefollowingnight（下一個晚上），onChristmasafternoon（圣誕節(jié)下午），onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日），onNew Years Day.(特別提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞2. between,among(表位置) “在.之間”A. between僅用于二者之間 如ImsittingbetweenTomandAlice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之間。如 Heisthebestamongthestudents. 3. beside,besides, except beside意為在旁邊， Hesatbesideme.besides意為除之外, 包括在內(nèi) Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis? except意為除之外, 不包括在內(nèi) They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. inthetree,onthetree inthetree,指動物或人等外來的東西在樹上，onthetree,指果實或葉子等樹本身長出來的東西5. ontheway, bytheway,inthisway ontheway指在路上, on ones way to .bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways6. bybus,onthebus bybus是一般說法, 固定搭配, onthebus特指乘某一輛車7. across, through, 和past“通過, 經(jīng)過”across從表面經(jīng)過, 如,road, bridge, river through從內(nèi)部空間經(jīng)過, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 從旁邊經(jīng)過.EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through. 1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory. 2. When we went _the cinema, we saw a traffic accident. 3. Look out _the window, please. 4. Dont walk_the ice. Its dangerous. 5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me. 6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel. 7. The river goes _the city. 8. The old man can swim _the stream. 9. I walked _him without saying hello. 10. The army moved _the forests quietly.8. on, above, over, “ 在上”, up, A. on指在某物表面上,有接觸點 a book on the table B. over指在某物垂直上方,無接觸點,也可指覆蓋在某物上, 與under相對a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反義詞為 below ,He lives above me 他住我家樓上(不一定就是頭上一間) The temperature today is above zero.今天氣溫零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向 反義詞 down look up to the sky 抬頭看天空 9. for , since, A. since僅說明什么時候開始，, 后常跟一個具體的過去的時間.B. for 表示某動作或情況持續(xù)多久, 后常跟一段時間。 He has studied the piano for 5 years. They have lived here since 1978.10. after, behind, “在之后” A. after 主要用于表示時間 B. behind主要用于表示位置11. in, after “以后”A. “in +段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后, 用在將來時態(tài)中., ?；卮餳ow soon的提問.B. “after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后, 相當(dāng)于 一段時間+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later. 12. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具， A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式. B. with 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用方式，用語言(語調(diào)、顏色)等 D. on 表示通過媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. Ex: Fill in the blanks with by, with or in,on 1. I sent the message to him _email. 2. The pupils write _pencils. 3. Do you know the meaning of word _Chinese? 4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder. 5. They solved the problem _ communicating. 6. The woman was crying _a low voice. 7. The old man often gets news _the radio. 8. We often cut things _a knife. 9. He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries. 10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Russian. 13. 放在地點之前的介詞:at, in, on A. at(1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁邊”B. in(1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。C. on表示毗鄰，接壤D. to 表示在范圍外，不強調(diào)是否接壤III. 介詞的其他一些用法.1. against, 靠著, 反對， 違背, 對抗. He was against the laws. 2. as, 作為. English is used as a mother language.3. at, 在旁邊, The boy is sitting at the door.4. but, 除了. He has nothing but money.5. for., 為., 因為., 至于. He failed the exam for his carelessness.6. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.7. till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didnt go home till five yesterday. 8. with , 有，帶著 。 Id like some coffee with sugar.9. by, 在.附近 They live by a river.10. 短語介詞: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of 一. 選擇最佳答案(表示時間關(guān)系的介詞).1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. Mrs. Brown worded in the west of Australia _ last summer?A. / B. on C. in D. since4. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on5. _the past two months he has been busy with his school work.A. For B. On C. Since D. At6. _last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.A. For B. / C. By D. During7. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till8. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days.A. before B. after C. at D. in 9. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the end.A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in10. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. in D. for11. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for12. Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A. in B. for C. during D. on13. The singing group will have two performances _ October.A. after B. since C. / D. for14. The supermarket is open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /15. She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. /till B. ontill C. atat D. /at16. He was ill _ a week, and _ the week he ate almost nothing .A. for/at B. for/during C. during/during D. for/for17. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 18. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in19._ New Years eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight. A. At B. On C. For D. In20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /21. Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A. at B. to C. from D. after22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow.A./ B. on C. in D. at23. We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994.A. at B. on C. for D. by24. Life will be better _ the 21st century.A. at B. on C. for D. in25. Do you often work late _ night.A. at B. in C. for D. during 二. 選擇最佳答案(表示地點運動方向的介詞).1. I had a new card, and I didnt write _.A. on it B. it C. in it D. above it2. There is a bridge _ the river.A. under B. over C. on D. next3. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. in 4. There is a book store_ the street corner.A. at B. in C. on D. by5. From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.A. under B. over C. below D. above6. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. in D. besides7. It was written _ page 20.A. at B. in C. on D. above8. My house is _ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. between B. among C. in D. at9. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at10. Dont talk so loud _ table.A. by B. on C. at D. beside11. Is there anything interesting _ todays newspaper?A. in B. on C. at D. /12. Cars and buses travel _ the road to the town.A. on B. along C. in D. by13. Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ?A. at B. along C. in D. for14. My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street.A. at B. on C. to D. with15. At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from16. Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /in17. _ the end of the street you can find the post office.A. By B. At C. On D. In 18. Do you often listen _the programs _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to19. Please wait _the office . Dont come in until you are called.A. in B. into C. inside D. outside20. Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A. for B. to C. from D. in21. The whale has a nose _ the top of its head.A. at B. above C. over D. on22. You must go _ the bridge and then you will see the bank _ the left.A. over/on B. to /by C. to/on D. over/at23. There is a hole _ the wall.A. in B. at C. for D. towards24. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards25. Bill kicked the ball too hard , and it went _ the street _ one of Mr. Smiths windows.A. across/on B. through./on C. across/through D. to / through三. 選擇最佳答案(注意與一些動詞搭配使用的介詞)1. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for2. He spent a long time _ the maths problem.A. in B. on C. for D. at 3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at4. How much did you pay _ this book?A. for B. at C. on D. with 5. Please translate the sentence _ English.A. into B. to C. at D. for6. The price of the computer has been reduced_ 5%.A. off B. to C. by D. about7. Please fill the bottle_ tea.A. by B. with C. for D. in8. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces.A. in B. by C. to D. into 9. Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him_ his hard work.A. with B. at C. on D. for10. You must apologize _ her for your rudeness.A. to B. at C. on D. with11.I got angry and I threw a stone _him. A. to B. towards C. at D. for12. You can borrow the book _ your school library.A. from B. to C. for D. at13. I prefer coffee_ tea.A. over B. to C. for D. than14. Would you show me _ your factory?A. to B. in C. at D. round15. Dont catch me _ the arm. I have nothing to do _the matter.A. by/with B. on/with C. by/on D. on/on16. Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice.A. with B. on C. in D. to17. Bill must deliver the newspapers_ peoples houses_ all kinds of weather.A. to/in B. at/in C. for/for D. to/for18. They havent decided_ the date for the next meeting.A. for B. by C. in D. on19. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 20. Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morning A. on B. down C. off D. to21. I shouted_ her, but shi didnt hear me.A. to B. at C. on D. for22. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B. to C. by D. among23. After school, I often learn singing and dancing _ hobbies.A. / B. on C. in D. for24. LI Ming fell ill this morning, so he asked _ leave.A. from B. for C. on D. in 25. I saw the man hit the boy _ the face.A. in B. on C. toward D. by四. 選擇最佳答案(注意介詞的習(xí)慣用法)1. Mr Li, shall I write _ ink? A. by B. o