零基礎(chǔ)英語入門學(xué)習(xí).doc

零基礎(chǔ)英語入門學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)英語語法入門之冠詞冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a（an）和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。I 不定冠詞We need an apple and a knife.我們需要一個蘋果和一把刀子。1.a和an的區(qū)別不定冠詞有a+和an+Q兩種形式，a用于輔音（不是輔音字母）開頭的詞前。an用于元音（不是元音字母）開頭的詞前。a boy, a university, a European countryu是元音字母，但發(fā)音是U(，是輔音。an hour ，an honor ，an islandh是輔音字母，但它不發(fā)音，它的音標(biāo)是是元音。an elephant， an umbrella， an egg2（1）不定冠詞的用法泛指類人或物。eg. This is a pencil case.指不具體的某個人或物。eg. I met an old man On my way home.用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.eg. Theres a third boy near the shop.表示“每（個）”,相當(dāng)于every.eg. They have music lessons twice a week.必背！give a lesson take a bath have a rest教（一堂）課 洗（個）澡 休息have a talk have a fever have a good time聽報(bào)告 發(fā)燒 過得愉快have（take）a walk have a headache have a nice trip散步 頭疼 旅途愉快a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such aan, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo（2）不定冠詞的位置不定冠詞般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。eg, a bike, an egg當(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.What a dangerous job it is！Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is！當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時，不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。eg.It is quite a good book.That is rather a useful too1.This is a very interesting story.II.定冠詞的用法（1）定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。eg：I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boys name is Mark. The girls name is Penny.（2）特指某（些）人或物。eg：The girl in a red dress comes from America.（3）指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。eg： My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.（4）用在形容最高級和部分比較級前，及形容詞only， very， same等前面：Eg: Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didnt pass the exam.他是唯一一個沒通過考試的人。（5）用在序數(shù)詞前。eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live?I live on the second floor.（6）用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前（如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。eg The moon moves round the earth.（7）用在某些形容詞前，表示類人或物。therich（富人）,the poor（窮人）,the deaf（聾人）,the blind（盲人）,the dead（死者）,the wounded（傷員）（8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某家人”或“某某夫婦”。eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.（9）用在樂器前。（但中國民族樂器前不用冠詞，play Erhu拉二胡）eg. play the pianoguitarviolindrums.（10）用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.（11）用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面。the Yangzi River 長江the North China Plain 華北平原the Rocky Mountains 洛磯山脈the Black Sea 黑海（12）用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。the Beijing Railway Station 北京站the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國the United Nations 聯(lián)合國（13）含有定冠詞the的詞組。in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午（下午、晚上）on the right 在左邊by the way 順便說一下go to the cinema (theatre ,concert)去看電影（看戲、聽音樂會）in the front of 在前部in the front of 在中間at (in) the beginning 開始in the end 終于in the daytime 白天on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面；另一方面注意：表示某一類人或事物時，以下三種方法都可以。如：The horse is a useful animal.（用定冠詞）A horse is a useful animal.（用不定冠詞）Horses are useful animals.（用復(fù)數(shù)）馬是一種有用的動物。III.不用冠詞的情況：（1）名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these, those時不用冠詞。eg. That girl is my friend.（2）名詞前有物主代詞my, your, his her, their等時不用冠詞。 eg. Lucy is her sister.（3）名詞前有whose, which, any, each, every等代詞時不用冠詞。eg. Which man is Mr Green？Each student has a beautiful picture.（4）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。 eg. Those young men are teachers, not students.（5）物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時不用冠詞。eg. Snow is white.（6）抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。eg.Does she like music？（7）在球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲前時不用冠詞。eg.play basketballsoccerchess（8）在三餐前不用冠詞。eg. have breakfastlunchsupperdinner（9）在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Years Day, Tuesday, January National Day 國慶節(jié)注意在民間節(jié)日，即以Festival 組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the 。如：the Spring festival 春節(jié)（10）在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。（11）家庭成員的名稱、稱呼語或只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞。注意此時要用大寫MotherFather is at home, but Mother isnt.此時要用大寫Mother爸爸在家，媽媽不在家。Well make you monitor.我們會讓你當(dāng)上班長的。Sir, may you answer me a question?先生，您能回答我一個問題嗎？My favorite is English.（12）在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last4.在有些詞組中，用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。in hospital（在住院）；in the hospital（在醫(yī)院）in prison（在坐牢）；in the prison（在監(jiān)獄里）at table（吃飯,用餐）；at the table（在桌旁）in front of（在某個范圍之外的前面）；in the front of（在某個范圍之外的前面）go to college（上大學(xué)）；go to the college（去那所大學(xué)）take place（發(fā)生）；take the place（代替）IV、冠詞基本用法【速記口訣】名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an， 輔音前用a， an在元音前，若為特指時，則須用定冠， 復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見，碰到代詞時，冠詞均不現(xiàn)?！久钫Z詮釋】 冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一，也是中考考查的主要對象。以上口訣包括的意思有：名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用；表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時要用定冠詞the；如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時就不用冠詞。V冠詞的易錯點(diǎn):1Its time for dinner. Kings are at table.A. /,the B. the, the C. The,/ D./,/ 答案: C. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前用the表示一家人，就餐用at table. 2-What do you usually have for breakfast?-I often have bread and milk.A./,/ B./,the C. a,/ D. the, the 答案: A. 物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 3Dont give up, try for second twice.A. the B. a C./ D. an 答案: B. 根據(jù)題意，請?jiān)僭囈淮?，序?shù)詞second前加a,表示another。 4Would you go for walk with me after supper?A. the,/ B. a,/ C./,the D./,a 答案: B. go for a walk為固定搭配，三餐前不加冠詞。 5There isnt water or air on the moon, and man cant live on it.A. a B. the C. one D./ 答案: D. 當(dāng)man表示人類時，前面不加冠詞。 6 more you read English, better youll learn.A. The, the B./,/ C. A, a D. The, a 答案: A. 定冠詞the用于比較級中，表示越，越7The Greens _ upstairs.A.liveB. livesC. are livesD. living此題是考查定冠詞放在姓氏前面表示一家人，the Greens意為 “格林一家人”，是復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。8There i