虛擬語氣Microsoft Word 文檔.doc

虛擬語氣用法詳解 一虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中 1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或不可能發(fā)生 條件狀語從句:一般過去時（虛擬語氣中bewere）主句用：would(should, could, might)+動詞原形。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard. 2. 表示與過去事實相反或不可能發(fā)生 條件狀語從句：had+過去分詞；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+過去分詞。 If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you. 3. 表示與將來的事實可能相反或不可能發(fā)生 條件狀語從句：一般過去時should +動詞原形were to+動詞原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+動詞原形。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.二、虛擬條件句的特殊情況(1)混合型虛擬語氣 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，稱為錯綜條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(從句說的是過去，主句是現(xiàn)在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(從句是現(xiàn)在，主句是過去)(2)省略型如果從句中含有were/ should/ had時，則可以把這三個詞置于句首，省略if.采用倒裝語序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over.Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3)含蓄型有時候假設(shè)的情況不以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過一個介詞短語，連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without, with, but for(要是沒有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwisehe would have attended the party.三虛擬語氣用在名詞性從句中1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣這種虛擬語氣主要用在it is+形容詞（名詞，過去分詞）+that+主語+should+動詞原形（should可以省略）這種結(jié)構(gòu)中。常見的這類形容詞有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常見的這類過去分詞有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常見的這類名詞有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 wish 后面所跟賓語從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣（意為要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三種：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish后接一般過去時的從句表示對過去情況的虛擬：wish后接過去完成時/should，could have done表示對將來情況的虛擬：wish后接would，could+動詞原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home. 在表示建議，命令，要求等動詞后的從句要用(should)+動詞原形。此類動詞有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，說明之意；insist表示堅持認(rèn)為，堅持說之意時，從句不用虛擬，用正常的陳述語氣。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議，命令，要求的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞要用（should）+動詞原形。常見名詞有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三虛擬語氣在其他情況中的使用1.在as if/ as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句與事實相反，則要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：主語+as if/ though +主語+一般過去時（從句的動作與主句同時發(fā)生）主語+as if/ though +主語+would/could+動詞原形（從句的動作相對主句來說在將來發(fā)生）主語+as if/ though +主語+過去完成時（從句的動作先發(fā)生于主句動作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that 句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時也用should +動詞原形，表示早該做而沒做的事，含建議的意味。It is time that we went home.此句型中，注意與It/This is the +序數(shù)詞+time that+現(xiàn)在完成式的區(qū)別。This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather后接動詞原形，但接從句時要用虛擬語氣（寧愿，但愿）。Would rather +主語+一般過去時（表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗㊣d rather he didnt go now.Would rather +主語+過去完成時（表示與過去相反） Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only后接從句也用虛擬語氣，其形式與wish的用法一致。5.動詞hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等詞用過去完成的形式，表示的意思為本想，本打算，本認(rèn)為.如：He had meant to buy the furniture last week，but it rained.他上周本打算去買那件家具，但卻下雨了。虛擬語氣練習(xí)題1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tellB. dont tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stay C. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not doB. Id rather not have doneC. I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC. didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didnt doC. dontD. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. did B. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. doB. didntC. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadnt triedC. have triedD. didnt try45.