2012年高考英語試題分類匯編(共18類).doc

2012年高考英語試題分類匯編-閱讀新題型1.【2012全國新課標】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Kids health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一dont solve (解決) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2) Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. 73 (3) Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. 74 Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暫時的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you makeyour way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different waysD. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down。71.【答案】C 【解析】根據后文可知：不同的人減壓的方式不同，是因為他們感到壓力的方式不同?！究键c定位】考查語境理解及主題句。72.【答案】 F【解析】前文提到和你信賴的人談話，比如：父母、親戚；減壓求助的另一種方式就是向朋友求助，這里朋友和父母、親戚是并列關系?！究键c定位】考查上下文的語境理解。73.【答案】 A【解析】根據前文可知：有了壓力和心情郁悶的時候，不要你一個人扛著。Dont take it out on yourself. 那么就得向別人求助。【考點定位】考查上下文的語境理解。74.【答案】 E【解析】根據后文：你即使不能全部解決所有的問題，但你可以解決一部分?？芍拔膽谐鰡栴}清單，知道有多少問題?！究键c定位】考查上下文的語境理解。75.【答案】 D【解析】根據前文：你自己會感到越來越好甚至更輕快，可知后文也應該是好的感覺。故選D。【考點定位】考查上下文的語境理解。2.【2012陜西卷】根據短文內容，從下框的AF選項中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有一項為多余項。A. Be well-organised.B. Close with a Q & A.C. Dont be contradictory.D. Bring it to a specific endE. Speak slowly and pause.F. Drop unnecessary wordsSpeaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome taskespecially when the speaker is confusing. Dont want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:61.EWhen it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it62. C Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you the audience confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.63. AJumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (責任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation. And its confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what youre saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise.64. FRepeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they cant pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.65. DMany speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signaleven if its something simple like, “If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.”O(jiān)r even more to the point, conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time. ”【要點綜述】本文是一篇說明文，作者就如何在公眾場合作報告提出了一些實用的建議。61.【答案與解析】E。根據本段最后兩句可知本段大意選E。62.【答案與解析】C。由本段主題句最后一句可知本段大意是：不要前后矛盾，選C。63.【答案與解析】A。根據最后一句中的organize可以推斷出本段大意選A。64.【答案與解析】F。通讀本段可知其大意是：不要頻繁使用那些令人感到不安的詞綴或發(fā)音，選F。65.【答案與解析】D。根據首句中的end一次可以推斷出本段大意選D。3.【2012遼寧卷】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1. Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2. Start a conversationStarting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 3. 73 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. 5. Enjoy your friendshipThe best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【語篇解讀】本文向我們介紹了如何交朋友。71. 【答案】E【試題解析】根據后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面是說的一個過程對一些人來說很容易。所以選E。72. 【答案】C【試題解析】由后面“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你要開始一個對話，所以前面應該是不要等著別人先和你說話。 73. 【答案】B 【試題解析】根據后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”要和朋友在塊做一些事。所以選B項。74. 【答案】G【試題解析】前面說不要通過電話，短信或親自拜訪給你的朋友施加壓力，類為這可能會使對方疲憊不堪，最后你會失去友誼，因此你要給你的朋友時間對你做出回應。75. 【答案】D【試題解析】由前面一句說要允許你的朋友們做他們自己，也就是不要對朋友太挑剔。7.【2012浙江卷】意思的小標題，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑,選項中一項為多余選項.A.Slow Down Your LifeB.Escape Now and ThenC.Separate Your ActionsD.Allow Yourself to Be WeakE.Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying NoF.Stop Expecting Everything to Be PerfectHow to Simplify Your LifeLess is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, get rid of junk instead of piling it up, relax instead of stressing, slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.61.When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didnt even know you had. Just imagine: you arc at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you keep grabbing one and then the other, it will take forever, because one of them will keep slipping out from under your arm and running off. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run bock and get the other one, and with great determination, carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of succcss.62. _The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations. In the modem nuclear family, the expectations that formerly would have been shared among all the relatives are now concentrated on the individual partner.If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for nil the things you need to do, then its not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. A simple fact that overloaded people often tend to forget. The solution is equally simple; refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.63.“I can handle stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can handle stress are given more and more to cope with until one day they break.Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you arc under more stress than you can cope with. These signals came from various areas of life. You become ill, or your work efficiency decreases.If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress. Say quite openly, I cant manage that. 64.If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier. This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, depressed, and unhappy. Life has its flaws, defects, comets, and edges. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous; driving a car, crossing the road. But life doesnt consist entirely of these things. In among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes.65. Successful people ail have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me its the train. When I know that Im going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles. There can be problems working on the train, of course: if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away, or if train trips make you tired (some people fall asleep after a few miles).【答案】61. C 62. E 63. D 64. F 65. B 8.【2012江蘇卷】任務型閱讀（共10小題:每小題1分,滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入了個最恰當的單詞。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。Happiness Advantage EffectIn July 2010 Burts Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyones anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( 大腦皮層) , which is responsible for effective problem solving.Burts Beess then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, hed send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. Hed interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the companys values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgangs emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.That outcome shouldnt surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思維模式), performance on nearly every levelproductivity, creativity, involvementimproves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. Once I get a promotion, 111 be happy, they think. Or, Once I hit my sales target, IH feel great. But because success is a moving targetas soon as you hit your target, you raise it againthe happiness that results from success does not last long.In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the happiness advantageevery business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. Ive observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And Im not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But ones general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stressall these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.71.【答案】bother/ annoy【試題解析】many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands.72.【答案】anxiety/ conern/ worry【試題解析】In doing so, managers lift everyones anxiety level,73.【答案】considerate/ aware/ conscious【試題解析】根據文章“Burts Beess then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach.”他用了不同的方法。 他了解助手的那種感覺。 Be aware of 意識到，了解到。74.【答案】loyal/ faithful/devoted/ committed【試題解析】Wolfgangs emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.75.【答案】difference【試題解析】根據文章第三段和第四段可知Wolfgang和上面第一段提到的那些負責人的做法不同，他的這種方法很有區(qū)別，故填的是make a differnce有區(qū)別，有影響。76.【答案】positively【試題解析】根據文章第三段People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge.可知答案。77.【答案】success/ achievements【試題解析】根據文章“the happiness that results from success does not last long.可知答案。78.【答案】strongly【試題解析】根據文章“researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.”可知答案。79.【答案】determined/ decided【試題解析】根據文章“Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.”可知答案。80.【答案】chances/ possibilities/ opportunities【試題解析】根據文章最后一段all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.可知答案。10.【2012天津卷】閱讀表達（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the worlds best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the womens record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things-travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.56. What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)_57. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)_58. What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)_59. Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)_60. Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)_【答案】56. A serious illness (did).57. Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.58. She swam a ten-mile marathon and set womens record.