初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí).doc

中考語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致 主謂一致的概念。 所謂主謂一致是指“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”之間,即（主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式）。（1） 主謂一致的種類一、【語(yǔ)法一致】1. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主語(yǔ)是的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 When he is coming seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。To love her is not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。3. 定語(yǔ)從句的在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)而變化（就近原則）。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。 二、意義一致原則 指主謂一致取決于主語(yǔ)的其實(shí)際意義。（有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）1.不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥is family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。6. 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如： The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 8. 以a number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.9. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, spacecraft等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。10. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.注意事項(xiàng)1. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bags. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife doesnt agree to go on holiday in winter, _. A. neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homework yet. _. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im