高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解

高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解 定語(yǔ)從句主要用于修飾句子中的名詞 代詞或上文提到的一件事 句子 而定語(yǔ)從句的 位置常常是緊跟在被修飾的名詞 代詞或句子的后面 在被修飾的名詞 代詞 先行詞 與定語(yǔ)從句之間往往有一個(gè)關(guān)系詞將其前后兩部分聯(lián)系成一個(gè)整體 關(guān)系詞與后面的句子 合稱定語(yǔ)從句 1 three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack 三種意味著一個(gè)人患心臟病的跡象 在這個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的短語(yǔ)中 signs 是 被修飾的名詞 that 是 關(guān)系詞 that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack 是定語(yǔ)從句 2 those who drink a lot 那些大量飲酒的人 在這個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的短語(yǔ)中 those 是 被修飾的代詞 who 是 關(guān)系詞 who drink a lot 是 定語(yǔ)從句 3 Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate 你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎 通過(guò)上面的演示 我們可以歸納出 1 定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中放在被修飾的詞后 翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)置于被修飾的詞之前 且有漢 字 的 2 定語(yǔ)從句在句子中的位置 結(jié)構(gòu)如下 被修飾的名詞被修飾的名詞 代詞代詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 句子句子 其中 被修飾的名詞 代詞 在語(yǔ)法叫作 先行詞 要點(diǎn)提示 1 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 所以先行詞在從句中不在出現(xiàn) 先行詞的意義以及它在從句中的語(yǔ)法 功能 句子成分 決定關(guān)系詞的選擇 定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞只有兩類 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 所有關(guān)系詞不但都有具體的意義而 且都在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分 1 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞 who whom whose which that 等 等 who 用于代替 表示人的意義 的先行詞 并且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 也可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) 但不能 放在介詞之后 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)用 whom whose 用于代替 表示人或物意義 的先行詞 用在從句中時(shí) 后要跟一個(gè)名詞 與那個(gè)名 詞合起來(lái)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系詞 在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) Whose 常表達(dá) 先行詞的 之意 which 用于代替 表示事物意義 的先行詞 在從句中作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) that 既用于代替 表示人的意義 的先行詞 也用于代替 表示事物意義 的先行詞 在從句 中既可以作主語(yǔ) 也可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 但是不能跟介詞后作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 介詞后用 which 在一定范圍內(nèi) that who whom which 要點(diǎn)提示 雖然要點(diǎn)提示 雖然 that 即可指人 也可指代物 習(xí)慣上指代人時(shí) 常用即可指人 也可指代物 習(xí)慣上指代人時(shí) 常用 who 總結(jié) 1 怎么判斷定語(yǔ)從句 2 怎么選擇關(guān)系詞 當(dāng)先行詞指 時(shí) 如 填空 翻譯 1 I have no idea about the man wrote the article 2 The little boy is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems 3 I know the girl you talked to just now 4 That was a fault could not be forgiven 5 I ve got a novel you may like to read 6 This is the book from I know the famous person 7 Who is the girl you talked to just now 8 This is the very book you are looked for yesterday 9 The books which sell well are written by him 10 The book which sells well is written by him 11 The world we live in is made of matter 12 The world in we live is made of matter 要點(diǎn)提示 要點(diǎn)提示 1 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 避免重復(fù) 指人時(shí) 主句有 who 從句用 that 2 That 和 which 指代物時(shí)的區(qū)別 先行詞本身是先行詞本身是 all everything something nothing anything 等不定代詞時(shí) 等不定代詞時(shí) 例如 All that I have is money There must be something that happened to you 你一定出了什么事 They had nothing that could cure of his disease 他們沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)能治愈他疾病的東西了 先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)或先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)或 the last the only 等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)等作定語(yǔ)時(shí) 例如 This is the most impressive TV that has never been put on show before 這是以前從未 上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇 That is the only way that leads to your success 那是通向你成功的唯一之路 We have to consider the first thing that we need to do 我們必須要考慮我們需要做的第一件事 當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義 并且在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 那么就只能用當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義 并且在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 那么就只能用 which It is the second thing about which I become crazy 3 定語(yǔ)從句中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 定語(yǔ)從句中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 特例 1 She is one of the students who have been abroad 2 She is the only one of the students who has been abroad 2 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 when 在什么時(shí)候 where 在什么地方 why 為什么原因 在英文中用哪個(gè)具體的介詞 得依具體漢語(yǔ)意思而定了 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ) 不缺主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ) 不缺主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表 語(yǔ) 語(yǔ) when 代替表示時(shí)間的名詞 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 例如 1 People will always remember the time Hongkong and Macao returned to our motherland 2 We don t know the exact time the English Evening will be held 3 I still remember the days we spent together where 代替表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 例如 1 The place we re to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet 2 He is living in a newly built house there used to be a pond 3 He has found the school his mother told him why 代替表示原因的名詞 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 例如 1 He didn t tell her the reason he was so happy 2 They explained the reason to us they had misunderstood us before 3 The reason he explained is not so acceptable 當(dāng)名詞時(shí) way 時(shí) 關(guān)系詞可以用 that in which 或省略關(guān)系詞 He can t understand the way the teacher told him He can t understand the way the teacher solve problem He can t find a way really works 關(guān)系副詞 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 而這種結(jié)構(gòu)中較難解決的問(wèn)題是介詞的選擇問(wèn)題 因?yàn)檫@個(gè) 問(wèn)題的解決取決于多種因素 A 動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 B 名詞與介詞的搭配 C 形容詞與介詞的搭配 等等 總之 要 依從句的具體需要而定 例如 A 動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 He has found a good job for which he is qualified qualify 名詞 for 使 具有 資格 他找到了一份他能勝任的工作 The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow talk to 名詞 與某人談話 你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人明天主持那個(gè)會(huì)議 B 名詞與介詞的搭配 They are still living in the little house in which they ve been living for 15 years in the house 在屋子里 他們現(xiàn)在還住在他們已住了 15 年的那個(gè)小房子里 He went through a hard timeduring which he lost many times C 形容詞與介詞的搭配 The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency happy with 對(duì) 表示滿意 老板對(duì)其不滿意的那個(gè)秘書(shū)將由于她沒(méi)有工作效率而被解雇 I ve found the job for which I ve been eager for a long time eager for 渴望得到 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作 He is a learned man with whom we are familiar familiar with 熟悉 他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識(shí)的人 D 他有三個(gè)兒子 三個(gè)都是醫(yī)生 定語(yǔ)從句的種類定語(yǔ)從句的種類 在英文中 有兩種定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 這兩種定語(yǔ)從句在其 功能和形式方面都有明顯的區(qū)別 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系很緊奏 對(duì)其先行詞起限定 修飾的作用 如果將其去掉 會(huì)影響句子意思的完整性 有時(shí)甚至于引起費(fèi)解 誤解 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before 他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在形式上就與主句很松散 它與主句之間有一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)它與主句之間有一個(gè)逗點(diǎn) 隔開(kāi)隔開(kāi) 起補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明的作用 即使將其去掉 也不會(huì)影響句子意思 另外 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在中文譯文 里 我們往往將其作為一個(gè)分句處理 而不把它作定語(yǔ)翻譯 The sun heats the earth which makes it possible for plants to grow 此句中 非限定 性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)全句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明 將全句表達(dá)的意思看成 一件事情 太陽(yáng)給予大地 熱 這就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能 We have one earth offers us our home The old man has a son who is in the army 此句中 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞 son 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明 但本句所傳達(dá)的信息是 這位老人只有一個(gè)兒子 如果將此句改 寫(xiě)成限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中 代指人時(shí) 用 who 或 whom 代指人以外的名詞時(shí)時(shí) 用 which 即 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用即 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用 that 充當(dāng)關(guān)系詞 此時(shí) 關(guān)系詞一律充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或充當(dāng)關(guān)系詞 此時(shí) 關(guān)系詞一律充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或 表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 例如 The sun heats the earth which makes it possible for plants to grow 太陽(yáng)給予大地?zé)?這就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能 The most important form of energy is electrical energy which is widely used in our daily life 最重要的能源形式是電能 它廣泛地運(yùn)用于我們的日常生活之中 He is thirteen who comes from a middle school 若在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 關(guān)系詞的選擇不變 Rabbits make their homes in fields they can hide their young under bushes I will never forget the days we spent together happily I will never forget the days we worked together as 可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 例如 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 常用于 such as as as 和 the same as 等句式中 Such points as you ve mentioned are really important in solving the problem 你提到的這些方面在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的確很重要 People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays 你描述的這種人現(xiàn)在很少見(jiàn)了 This computer has the same functions as that one has 這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)有著和那臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)一樣的功能 as 可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) as 是指全句 是指全句 也就是說(shuō) 將整個(gè)主句看 成一件事或是一個(gè)事實(shí) 并對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明 這種非限定性定語(yǔ)從句既可以放在主句 之前 也可以放在主句之后 常翻譯為常翻譯為 正如正如 As I know she hasn t got married 如我所知 她還未結(jié)婚 They won the first place in the game as could be expected 可以預(yù)料 他們?cè)诒荣愔械昧说谝?Professor Li is extremely popular among students as is known to all of us 如我們大家 所知 李教授極受學(xué)生們的歡迎 Which 常翻譯為常翻譯為 這這 這件事這件事 且引導(dǎo)的從句常放在主句之后 且引導(dǎo)的從句常放在主句之后 幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞 幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞 situation stage case point scene position 他們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)他們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng) 先行詞時(shí) 常用先行詞時(shí) 常用 where 引導(dǎo)從句 且在從句中作狀語(yǔ) 如 引導(dǎo)從句 且在從句中作狀語(yǔ) 如 We often come across this case we need help 1 Do you still remember the day I first came to Beijing A which B that C when D where 2 I m going to visit the school my mother taught physics ten years ago A where B that C which D what 3 A paper plant is paper is made A which B where C what D in which 4 They stayed with me for three weeks they drank all the wine I had A which B which time C during which time D during which 5 How do you like the cake It s quite different from I had last month A that B which C the one D the one what 6 The Nile electricity is produced no longer destroys villages and crops A which B from which C from it D from that 7 In the 1950s blacks didn t have equal rights a lot of marches took place A when B that C which D from which 8 Bob s father spent four years in Egypt A that worked on the project B he worked on the project C who worked on the project D whom worked on the project 9 The retiring teacher made a speech she thanked the class for the gift A which B of which C in which D that 10 He has to work on Sundays he does not like A and which B which C and when D when 11 He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows most hadn t been cleaned for years A these B those C that D of which 12 The boys could not reach the shelf went to look for something to stand on A the tall of whom B the tallest of whom C the tallest one D the tallest of them 13 Rabbits make their homes in fields hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses A can where they B where they can C where can they D where can 14 Is this the factory color TV sets are produced A that B which C in which D in that 15 Who is that comrade was there A whom B that C which D whose 16 This is Mr Smith I think has something interesting to tell you A who B whom C which D whose 17 Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday made me very happy A what B that C who D which 仿真訓(xùn)練 1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day I found quite strange 1 A which B that C what D when 2 China has hundreds of islands the largest is Taiwan A in which B at which C of which D from which 3 We came to a place they had never paid a visit before A to where B to which C that D which 4 It was twelve o clock they finished the work A Since B which C that D when 5 He often helps the students he thinks are not quick at their studies A whom B Who C when D because 6 Is there a restaurant around I have something to eat A That B what C Which D where 7 In the open boat the four men was a doctor met with a storm on the sea A one of which B one of who C one of whom D one of them 8 His glasses he was like a blind man fell to the ground and broke A which B from which C with which D without which 9 The book the cover is broken is not mine A of it B for C whose D of which 10 The high building is a big hotel A we are looking at it B we looking C at that we are looking D we are looking at 11 The baby is not hers A of that she is taking good care B who she is taking good care C of who she is taking good care D whom she is taking good care of 12 The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far away village A Until B That C when D where 13 is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month A It B As C That D What 14 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 15 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 16 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that the reason you had a few days off A Why B When C What D that 1 His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor A of whom B whom C of whose D whose 2 All is needed is a supply of oil A the thing B that C what D which 3 She heard a terrible noise brought her heart into her mouth A it B which C this D that 4 Who is the man is standing over there A Whom B Which C That D he 5 Who is the man you just talked to A X B which C whoever D whose 6 Wang Hai is the student home caught fire last night A which B that C whom D whose 7 Is this the pen you were writing A with that B with which C to that D to which 8 Which sentence is wrong A Do you know the man that is talking with Mr Li B He did all he could to help me C This is the room that we often hold meetings in D If a person who does not do his duty he will not succeed 9 the Great Wall came into being in Qin Dynasty A It s clear B We all know C As we all know D It seemed 10 Her bag she put all her books has not been found A where B in which C which D that 11 The solider ran to the building flew a flag A on the top of which B on the top of that C on the top of it D which 12 I still remember the day we got married A that B which C in which D when 13 The factory his mother works is in the east of the city A That B which C on which D where 14 The house windows open to the south is Zhang Shan s A Which B That C whose D its 15 He tried to find a hammer he could repair the desk A through which B with which C by which D using which 16 Last night we watched the play Lei Feng was very moving A Who B whose C that D which 17 He came to the city there is a famous tower called Yellow Carne Tower A on which B in where C which D where 18 They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the school A Which B That C who D whom 19 That is the only dictionary he often turns to for help A which B that C what D one 20 All the pencils she had bought at a chap price broke A Which B That C what D those 21 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B X C which D it 22 What about the photo It s much better than she took last week A that B which C the one D one 23 He has dropped the necklace to the drawer the money is kept A in where B in which C under which D which 24 It s the fifth time late this term A that you ve arrived B that you arrived C when you ve arrived D when you arrived 25 Each time she came to see me she would advise me to give up smoking A as B during C while D X 26 It is the playground I picked up this jacket A in which B that C from there D where 27 We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Beijing live my uncle and some relatives A which B that C where D in which 28 She must fail the exam can be seen from her eyes A that B as C who D what 29 The stadiums were already full were surrounded by a lot of football fans who had no tickets A most of that B most of which C which most D that most 30 Mr Frank everybody loves has gone to the UK A whom B that C which D X 31 His glasses he was like a blind man were missing A with which B with it C without which D without it 32 I your husband will stand by you A who is B that is C who am D that am 33 Our teacher is a man of great experience much can be learned A who B how C from which D from whom 34 He makes good use of the time he can spare A when B that C on which D who 35 Such people you refer to are rare nowadays A as B that C which D who 36 We ll never forget the days we spent together last summer A when B that C how D on which 37 The five storeyed building over there was set up three years ago is our teaching building A it B that C where D which 38 It is the best film I ve seen this year A that B which C since D and 39 I often hear from my brother works as a doctor A that B who C he D whom 40 Last year I visited the house I used to live in my thirties A which B that C in that D where 41 The old