初中英語語法-虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣 中學(xué)英語語法講解 1 英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣 陳述語氣 祈使語氣和虛擬語氣 見課本P170頁 2 定義 用來表示說的話不是事實(shí) 或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況 而是一種愿望 建議 假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣 一 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法 條件從句 If從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 現(xiàn)在 過去 未來 did were haddone would could should might V 原 would could should might have p p 1 did were2 shoulddo3 weretodo would could should might V 原 1 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadeamistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 與過去事實(shí)相反 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 Ithinkwecoulddoit ifweplaneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 與未來事實(shí)相反 二 虛擬語氣特殊句型 wish 賓語從句 現(xiàn)在 過去 未來 過去時(shí) did were 過去完成時(shí) haddone would could might V should IwishIwereabird 現(xiàn)在 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 過去 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 未來 2 wouldratherthat 現(xiàn)在 過去 未來 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow 現(xiàn)在 Iwouldratheryouhadgone too 過去 Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 未來 過去時(shí) 過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 3 asif though 從句 現(xiàn)在 過去 過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) Helooksasifheweredrunk Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson Itseemsasifitwerespring Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 4 It s about high time that should V 過去時(shí) 你該走了 我們該睡覺了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 5 表示要求 命令 建議的虛擬語氣 賓語從句 常見動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持 insist兩個(gè)命令 order command三個(gè)建議 advise suggest propose四個(gè)要求 demand require request desire 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法 即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should 動(dòng)詞原形 或者將should省略 我們建議Tom去休息一下 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?WesuggestedthatTom should havearest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent Thekingorderedthattheprisoners should bekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句 包括主語從句 表語從句和同位語 也要使用虛擬語氣 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣 order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire It ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 6 without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬 butfor要不是 Withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday Butforyourhelp Iwouldn thavefinishedthework Withoutyourhelp Iwouldhavefailed Butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 7 Ifonly 要是 就好了 IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了 要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 8 It snecessary strange natural important that 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬 即 should 動(dòng)詞原形 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 9 It s hightime that 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬 即should 動(dòng)詞原形 也可用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)態(tài) Itishightimethatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoourenvironment Itishightimethatwepayedmoreattentiontoourenvironment 10 某些簡單句的固定句型 Heavenhelphim Godblessyou Mayyousucceed LonglivethePeople sRepublicofChina 三 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn) 1 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致 叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣 主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂 Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 2 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝 條件從句中有should were had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略 并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup Ifitwerenotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties Wereitnotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedi