短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟與方法.doc

短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟與方法 高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)口訣 （一）見(jiàn)到謂語(yǔ)找主語(yǔ)，主謂一致找狀語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)到名詞想復(fù)數(shù)，可不可數(shù)要記牢見(jiàn)到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對(duì)稱(chēng)。見(jiàn)到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理小小of常抓的點(diǎn)，of前名詞adj最高級(jí)（二） 謂與非謂經(jīng)?；?、謂語(yǔ)句中就一個(gè)、其余動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)、常見(jiàn)形式有三種、ving ved 和to do主賓通常ving、現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、目的要用不定式、改錯(cuò)要想拿高分、語(yǔ)法口訣要記牢（三） 規(guī)則是說(shuō)謊 lie lied lied、不規(guī)則是躺 lie lay lain、躺過(guò)就下蛋 lay laid laid、下蛋不規(guī)則 短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟與方法 解題步驟 1 通讀全文，從語(yǔ)篇入手，理解文章大意 2 在理解大意的基礎(chǔ)上，審查句子結(jié)構(gòu) 3 從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)入手，進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò) 4 通讀全文 解題方法：從以下方面入手 1 冠詞: 注意固定結(jié)構(gòu)，特指泛指， Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher. (2000 ) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (2003 )2 名詞： 注意單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)不可數(shù)，主謂一致 On the way up I was busy taking picture. (2002 ) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003 )3. 連詞：注意句子邏輯關(guān)系，連詞對(duì)稱(chēng)性 It seems always difficult for me to do things well as my classmates. (2004 ) Im trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. (2004 )4. 形容詞/副詞： 注意形容詞副詞混用，比較級(jí)最高級(jí)用法，修飾比較級(jí)的副詞 I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (2004 ) She called 119 immediate. (2004福建 )5代詞：注意前后一致，人稱(chēng)代詞偷換錯(cuò)用，少代詞 I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (2004福建 ) We have to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. (2004 天津 )6 動(dòng)詞：注意時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致 I remembered her words and calm down. 2000 Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. 93 Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. 2000 They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 2001 7 介詞： 注意固定短語(yǔ).介詞后賓語(yǔ)形式 Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for the exam. 01北京 Im looking forward to hear from you soon. 94 NMET 2001 Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor76._sistersin any other words, I am an only child. My parents77._love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure78._that I get a good education. They did not want me to do79._any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to80._my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We81._may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do82._not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks83._as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they84._really understand their own daughter? What things are in85._other homes, I wonder. NMET 2001北京春季I used to love science classall of them86._biology, chemistry, geography, physics. I think I87._liked those classes because I felt that it helped me88._understand what the world works. For example, when89._I was a child, the rain was mystery (奧秘).In one90._class, I learned it rained. I think science classes 91._clear up mysteries.But then there is always more92._mysteries look into.What was my least favourite class?93._That was math.After learn the basics of the subject,94._nothing else seemed very practically to me.I never 95._saw how I could use it in my daily life. NMET 2000 The day before the speech contest (比賽),English teacher86._talked to me.She said that she and my schoolmate all 87._wished me success,but it didnt matter that I would88._win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so89._nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people90._present! Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher in91._the crowd.She was smiling but nodding at me.I remembered92._her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first93._prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.94._Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.95._ NMET 1998My favorite sport is football. I was a member of 86._our school football team. We practise for three times87._every week and often watch football match on TV88._together. Play football not only makes us grow up89._tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and90._team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play91._for the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport92._teaches us the important of obedience (服從).Each93._player must obey captain, who is the leader of94._the team. And they must not break the rules too95._often if we want to win the game.筆者對(duì)近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題作了細(xì)致的分析并加以歸類(lèi)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型主要集中在以下方面。（系列7） 1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 每年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。 （1）（2003全國(guó)卷）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas.84._（2）（2004江蘇卷）AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmyself.83._（3）（2004全國(guó)卷）Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,. 82. _ （4）（2005全國(guó)卷）Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.85._（5）（2005全國(guó)卷）Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthattheycanearnmoney. 77._（6）（2005江蘇卷）WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.76._2.名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 單復(fù)數(shù)互改是改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一，依據(jù)有：（1）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份；（2）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。 （1）（2003全國(guó)卷）Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.85._（2）（2004江蘇）thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.85._ （3）（2004全國(guó)卷）afewminuteontheInternet.77._（4）（2005全國(guó)卷）Butoneandahalfyearlater.79._（5）（2005全國(guó)卷）Thereareadvantageforstudentstowork.76._3.句子結(jié)構(gòu) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤范圍龐大，可以從以下幾方面來(lái)思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符；3）主謂一致；4）復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?（1）（2004全國(guó)卷）IwontbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.78._（2）（2004全國(guó)卷）Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.81._ （3）（2005全國(guó)卷）Forthemostpart,studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirownuse.78._ （4）（2005全國(guó)卷）Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingiftheylike.79._（5）（2005江蘇卷）ButthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwerehismusicalability.84._ 4.贅述 高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來(lái)看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。 （1）（2003全國(guó)卷80）Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.80._ （2）（2004全國(guó)卷）CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo?85._ （3）（2004重慶卷）Ihadtolookuptothesamewordmanytimes,.78._ （4）（2005全國(guó)卷）Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupfortheircollegeorfutureuse.84._ （5）（2005江蘇卷）ButforthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwashismusicalability.83._ 5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)（固定句型、固定短語(yǔ)、固定搭配） 所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語(yǔ)中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語(yǔ)中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。 （1）（2003全國(guó)卷81）SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwas.81._ （2）（2004全國(guó)卷）Iamsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.79._ （3）（2004浙江卷）fromfriendscanallprovideyouforstampsfromallovertheworld.82_ （4）（2005全國(guó)卷）Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.76._ （5）（2005全國(guó)卷）orforpermissiontodothingsbymoney.83._ 6.冠詞 英語(yǔ)中冠詞只有三個(gè)，從高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的角度來(lái)看，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。 （1）（2004全國(guó)卷）IwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.77._ （2）（2004江蘇卷）WhenIwasboy,.76._ （3）（2004遼寧卷）ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.78._ （4）（2004重慶卷）IstartedwritingdownwordsfrombooksthatIread.82._ （5）（2005全國(guó)卷）Ihopeyouvehad pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina83._7.代詞 代詞不僅要與其所指代對(duì)象一致，其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語(yǔ)氣及邏輯關(guān)系。 （1）（2004浙江卷）Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.78._ （2）（2004湖北卷）Youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.83._ （3）（2005全國(guó)卷）Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.85._（4）（2005江蘇卷）Weoftenplayatrickonhimself.79._8.連詞及與并置問(wèn)題 連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯；并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點(diǎn)是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。 （1）（2004江蘇卷）Mygrandmawasthebestcookintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.79._ （2）（2004全國(guó)卷）MyclasswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.82._（3）（2004全國(guó)卷）Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.77._ 9.易混淆的詞或詞組 易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞，也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯(cuò)題中不容忽視的部分。 （1）（2004全國(guó)卷）FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.83._ （2）（2004福建卷）Shecalled119immediate.84._ （3）（2003全國(guó)卷）IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.78._ （4）（2004重慶卷）.butIhadterriblyproblemsmemorizingthem.77._ （5）（2005全國(guó)卷）Mypronunciationwasterribly.78._以上錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型的劃分不一定很科學(xué)，但至少能為考生解答高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題提供思考方法。一旦考生認(rèn)清了高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型，解題時(shí)就不會(huì)盲目從事，而能做到有的放矢。 太原市20042005學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)測(cè)評(píng)試卷Dear classmates ,Now Id like to tell you why I learn English . I often 76 read English aloud and try learn something important by 77 hearts , which helps me remember it easily and form 78 the good habit of thinking in English . I listen to a lot and 79 talk with others in English . In this way , I was improved 80 my spoken English . I keep a diary in English every day but 81 my writing English is becoming better and better . I also try 82 my best to master the necessary grammar . With this means , 83 I can express myself in English correct . Thats the way I 84 have been learning English . I hope it will be useful to you 85 Thats all . Thank you . NMET 2000北京春季Dear Peter,Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 86._party on Sunday.Id like very much come but 87._I had an examination on Monday morning.It is 88._a very important exam but I cant afford to89._fail it.Ill spend all the whole weekend reading90._and prepare for it.So Im really sorry that91._I wont be able to come in this time.Hope you 92._can understand.Ill take this chance to wish 93._you wonderful time on your birthday.Happy94._birthday,Peter,and many happy return of the95._day!Yours,Li Ming答案解析86.答案：把on改為for解析：此題考查介詞的用法。Thanks后接介詞for表示為什么而感謝，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。87.答案：在much后加to解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。Id like to do sth.的意思是“愿意做什么”。88.答案：把had改為will have解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可以確定此句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。89.答案：把but改為and或so解析：此題考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意可知，此句是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。改為and，表示“并且”；改為so，表示“因此”。90.答案：把a(bǔ)ll劃掉解析：此題考查代詞的用法。all一般不和whole連用。這句話(huà)的意思是“我將花費(fèi)一周的時(shí)間閱讀和準(zhǔn)備（考試）?！?1.答案：把prepare改為preparing解析：此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。preparing和reading是并列關(guān)系，構(gòu)成spend some time (in)doing sth.的句型。92.答案：把come后的in劃掉解析：此題考查介詞的用法。this time的意思是“這次”，前面不用介詞。93.答案：該行無(wú)錯(cuò)解析：此題考查考生鑒別正誤的能力。can understand和Ill take this chance to wish都沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。94.答案：在you后加不定冠詞a解析：此題考查冠詞的基本用法。time前有形容詞時(shí)常加不定冠詞。95.答案：把return改為returns解析：此題考查名詞的數(shù)。return在該句中是名詞，根據(jù)前面的many可以確定它是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 NMET 1999,NMET 1999廣東The Problem with TelevisionNow I cant watch much television but a few years ago86._I was used to watch it every night.I was often87._a little tired after a days work and watch TV88._demands very little effort.Unfortunate,there are89._too many people among my family.Some wanted90._to see the programme while others preferred91._another.I am happy with any programme but92._the others spent a lot time arguing and there93._was no way of settling the matter except by 94._selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.95._答案解析86.答案：將watch與television之間的much劃掉解析：此題考查慣用法?！翱措娨暋庇⒄Z(yǔ)為watch television。表示“經(jīng)?？措娨暋庇⒄Z(yǔ)為watch television very often。87答案：將I與used之間的was劃掉解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義。be used to doing sth.意思是“習(xí)慣于做某事”。used to do sth.意思是“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”。這里的意思是過(guò)去經(jīng)?？措娨?，所以應(yīng)用used to watch it every night。88.答案：將watch改為watching解析：此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。and連接的是兩個(gè)并列句。watching TV為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。89.答案：Unfortunate改為Unfortunately解析：此題考查副詞的用法。副詞修飾全句作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Luckily,I got the ticket。90.答案：將among 改為in解析：此題考查介詞的用法。in my family是固定用法。among的意思是“在中間”，后面常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：among the students。91.答案：將the 改為one解析：此題考查數(shù)詞的用法。從下一行的another得知，此處是oneanother固定搭配。92.答案：將am改為was解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。從整個(gè)短文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。93.答案：a lot后加of解析：此題考查介詞的用法。a lot of time意思是“許多時(shí)間”。94.答案：該行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤解析：此題考查考生鑒別正誤的能力。這是一個(gè)存在句，no way of setting the matter作主語(yǔ)。95.答案：someone改為everyone或everybody解析：此題考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可知，此處的意思是“現(xiàn)在家里的每個(gè)人都讀書(shū)而不看電視了”。 NMET 1998My Favourite SportMy favourite sport is football.I was a member of 86._our school football team.We practise for three times87._every week and often watch football match on TV88._together.Play football not only makes us grow up89._tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and90._team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play91._for the team instead ourselves.Also,the sport92._teaches us the important of obedience (服從).Each93._player must obey captain,who is the leader of94._the team.And they must not break the rules too95._often if we want to win the game.答案解析86.答案：把was改為am解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。比較上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可以確定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。87.答案：把three times前的for 劃掉解析：此題考查介詞的用法。這句話(huà)的意思是“我們每周訓(xùn)練三次”。for three times的意思是“作為第三次”。88.答案：把match改為matches解析：此題考查名詞的數(shù)。經(jīng)常在電視里觀看足球比賽，要用復(fù)數(shù)。89.答案：要把Play改為Playing解析：此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)名詞Playing在句子中作主語(yǔ)。90.答案：把give改為gives解析：此題考查保持主謂一致。動(dòng)名詞Playing football作主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)。91.答案：該行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤解析：此題考查考生鑒別正誤的能力。該行中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。92.答案：在instead和ourselves之間加of解析：此題考查介詞的用法。instead后接賓語(yǔ)ourselves時(shí)，要用instead of。93.答案：把important改為importance解析：此題考查名詞的用法。定冠詞the用于名詞前，the importance of obedience的意思是“服從的重要性”。94.答案：在captain的前面加定冠詞the解析：此題考查冠詞的基本用法。captain后接定語(yǔ)從句，為特指。95.答案：把they改為we解析：此題考查代詞的用法。整篇短文都是講述“我