冠詞和數(shù)詞 講解,練習(xí)(附答案).doc

定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有那（這）個(gè)的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。1）特指雙方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine. 2）上文提到過的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollarthe fox；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich; the living。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only， very， same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor.。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking 6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體： They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前：She caught me by the arm. 8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前： the Peoples Republic of China the United States 9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前： She plays the piano. 10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人： the Greens 11) 用在慣用語中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre零冠詞的用法1) 國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary；2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞；They are teachers. 3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；Failure is the mother of success. 4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞；Man cannot live without water. 5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞； The guards took the American to General Lee. 7）在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞 如：have breakfast，play chess 8）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞；I cant write without pen or pencil.9）當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無冠詞；by bus，by train； 10）有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等個(gè)體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義； go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 2) 如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞，則指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 冠詞位置1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a. 位于下列形容詞之后： such，what，many，half， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a c. quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放形容詞后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snake 當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。2) 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out.數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法： 345three hundred and forty-five；2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)： a. 與of 短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連 用，如scores of people 指許多人； b.在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡竭_(dá)了。 c. 表示幾十歲；in his thirties d. 表示年代，用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)； e. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.二、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式： first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st三、 數(shù)詞的用法1）倍數(shù)表示法 a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+ 形容詞（副詞）比較級(jí)+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法 構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時(shí)，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)： 1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths.數(shù)量表示法1. 表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、面積等，用基數(shù)詞+單位詞（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+形容詞（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞（length，width， height， weight等）表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng)three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬This box is 2 kilograms in weightThe city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 metershigh2. 表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí)，使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes walk1. You are _ shame to your family while he is _ honor to his family.A. an , an B. a , an C. an , a D. a , a2. _ Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A. / , / , the B. the , the , the C. / , / , /D. the , the , /3._ terrible life people in the small island lived at the time?A. What B. How C. What a D. How a4. Things of _ kind come together; people of _ kind fall into _ same group.A. the , the , the B. a , a , the C. the , the , a D. a , the , the5. My father is ill. He is still in _ hospital. Im going to _ hospital to see him. A. the , the B. / , / C. / , the D. the , /6. Pay special attention to the idioms of _ English language.A. the B. some C. an D. /7. My mother and I wanted to se a new play, but we werent be able to get the tickets for _ two of us.A. /. B. the C. among D. between8. You missed _ “r” when spelling the word “horror”.A. the B. a C. an D. /9. She pulled the boy by _ arm and gave him a hint that she didnt want him to tell _ truth.A. the , the B. his , the C, the , / D. his , a 10. Out rushed the soldier, _gun in _hand. A. the , a B. a , the C. the , the D. / , /11. He has turned _ writer = He has become _ writer.A. a ; a B. / ; / C. a ; / D. / ; a12. _ Beijing University dates back to 1898, in _ Qing Dynasty.A. / , / B. / , the C. The , the .D. The , / 13. He is _ older of the two brothers.A. a B. an C. / D. the 14. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.Aa ; the Bthe ; the Cthe ; a Da ; a15. What _ fine weather we have today!Aa B/ Csome Dan16. _ Himalayas is_ highest mountain in_ world.A/ ; the ; / BThe ; the ; the CA ; a ; a D/ ; / ; / 17. They each have_ book. Li Huas is about_ writer. Wang Lins is on _ science.Aa ; a ; / Bthe ; / ; the C/ ; the ; / Da ; the ; a18. _ Physics is_ science of matter and energy.AThe ; / B/ ; / C/ ; the DA ; a19. _ sun rises in_ east and sets in_ west.A. A ; an ; a BThe ; / ; / CThe; the ; the DA ; the ; a20. They were at _ dinner then. It was_ delicious one.Aa ; the B/ ; / C/ ; a Da ; a21. Im sure that he will be back in _.A. a day or two B. one day or two C. a or two days D. one or two day22. He served the army in _, when he was in _.A. 1980s , his twenties B. 1980s , the twenties C. the 1980s , his twenties D. the 1980s , the twenties 23. Every few _ along the Great Wall there are some watch towers.A. hundred metres B. hundreds metre C. hundreds of metre D. hundred of metres24. She went to the market and bought three _ eggs and some _.A. dozen, meats B. dozens, meat C. dozens, meats D. dozen, meat25. He wrote a _ report yesterday morning.A. a one-thousand-words B. a one-thousand-word C. an one-thousand words D. an one-thousand-word26. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before.( 1994上海) A. as twice many B. as many as twice. C. as twice as many D. twice as many27. Mr. Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner. (1994上海) A. asked, dozen. B. suggested, dozens of. C. had, dozen. D. persuaded, dozens28. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.(1998上海) A. the three times weight ofB. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as29. It is not rare in_ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.(1999上海) A. 90s, theB. the 90s, /C. 90s, theirD. the 90s, their30 _of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.( 2000上海) A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are31 As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. (2001上海) A. number, hasB. quantity, has.C. number, haveD. quantity, have32. _ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. (2001上海) A. Several millionB. Many millionsC. Several millionsD. Many million33. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many34. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week(2003上海春) A800-meter-long B800-meters-long C800 meter length D800 meters length 35 He did it _ it took me. (2003北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the timeBACBC ABCAD D BDAB BACCC ACADB DABDC BADAD.2000 2005 年高考題匯編 冠 詞1. Most animals little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. （2000全國(guó)）（B）Athe ; a B不填 ; aCthe ; the D不填 ; the2. Summers in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny. （2000北京春季）（D）A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填;不填 D. the; the 3. The warmth of_ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. （01全國(guó)）（B）A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /4. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. （02全國(guó)）【】 A不填；theB不填；anCan;anDthe; the5 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.02全國(guó)）【】 a highBa higherCthe higherDthe highest6. I dont like talking on telephone; I prefer writing letters. (02北京春季）（B）A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填7. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春) (D) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting8. An accident happened at _ crossroads a few meters away from _ bank(2003上海春) (C) Aa；a B；a C；the Dthe；9. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) (C) A. a / an B. the / a C. an / a D. an / the 10. We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海) (D) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush11. Theres dictionary on desk by your side. （03北京春季）（A）Aa; theBa; aCthe; aDthe; the12. When he left_ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office. （04天津）(A)A /; aB /; theC a; theD the; the13. The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. （04重慶）(C)A.不填；不填B. the；不填C. the; theD. a; the14. Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. （04江蘇）(B) A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the15. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. （04浙江）(D) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a16. It is _world of wonders, world where anything can happen. （04福建）(B)Aa ;the Ba; a Cthe ; aD不填；不填17. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discover which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. （04廣東）(B)A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea18. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence （04湖南） （B）A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填D. the; 不填19. There was time I hated to go to school . （04湖北） (B)Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe ; when 20. When you finish reading the book .you will have better understanding of life . （04遼寧） (D)Aa; the Bthe; a C不填; the Da; 不填21. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. （04全國(guó)I） (A)A the; aB the; /C a; theD a; /22. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 percent off_. （04全國(guó)II） (C)A a priceB priceC the priceD prices23. - John, there is_ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. （04全國(guó)IV） （A） - Im in _ bath.A a; theB the; aC a; /D the; /24. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. （04北京春季）（B）A. the; theB. the; 不填 C. 不填；不填D. 不填；the25. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. （04上海春季）（A）A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours26. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. ( 05北京卷) (B)A. 不填；不填B. 不填；aC. the, 不填D. the, a27. I knew _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one. （05山東卷）(B)A. 不填；aB. a；theC. 不填；theD. the；a28. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday. （05湖南卷）(D)A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a29. On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. (05江蘇卷) (D)A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a30. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. (05江西卷) (B)A/; an; theBa; the; /Cthe; an; theDa; the; the31. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. （05全國(guó)卷3）(B)Athe; theB不填；aCthe; a D不填；不填32. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. （05浙江卷）(C)Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a33. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport. （05安徽卷） (B)A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the34. This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. （05遼寧卷）(C)Athe; theBa; the Cthe; 不填Da; 不填35. _ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by _ year 2090. （05北京春季）（A）A. A;the B. A;不填 C. The;不填 D. The;a 26. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in list