職稱英語理工類A級真題.doc

2011年職稱英語理工類A級真題及答案一.詞匯選項（第115 題，每題1 分，共15分） 下面共有 15 個句子，每個句子中均有1 個詞或短語有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4 個選項中選擇1 個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應的位置上。 1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. A) unforgettable B) unbelievable C) unfair D) unthinkable 2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. A) difficult B) worried C) anxious D) unhappy 3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A) pulled down B) rebuilt C) renovated D) whitewashed 4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. A) delayed B) quick C) positive D) unfavorable 5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. A) long and detailed B) short and clear C) comprehensive D) professional 6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. A) efficient B) respectable C) well-informed C) respectful 7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. A) simply useless B) really practical B) very little D) extremely useful 8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. A) reasonable B) sensible C) crazy D) unbelievable 9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. A) extremely thorough B) long and boring C) superficial D) unconvincing *10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. A) effective B) clever C) implausible D) original +11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. A) competitive B) diligent C) qualified D) competent +12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. A) hot-tempered B) healthy C) friendly D) patient 13. Not all member States abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. A) adhered to B) abandoned C) applied D) adopted 14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. A) immediately B) correctly C) fairly D) carefully 15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A) resumed B) put an end to C) suspended D) re-scheduled 第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。 Pain is something that everyone experiences at some time， to a greater or lesser degree.Chronic or long-term pain， however， is in a category （種類，范疇）of its own. This isthe kind of pain that dominates and pervades （蔓延，滲透） the life of the sufferer. Relentless （持續(xù)的）， grinding， exhausting pain， from which there is no escaper （無法逃避的）。 Most individuals who experience this kind of pain are paraplegics （截癱患者） and tetraplegics （四肢麻痹患者）。 These people， despite their disabilities， would often be capable of leading fulfilled and happy lives were it not for the fact that they suffer this terrible and debilitating （使衰弱） pain on an almost continuous basis. To date （到目前為止）， treatment has been mainly in the form of heavy drug therapy，which produces unpleasant side effects. But there has been a breakthrough in pain control. A new devices， SPES （ Sub Perception electro Stimulation ） （不知覺電刺激），should radically improve quality of life for many chronic pain sufferers. Professor Ifor Capel， scientist and inventor， has conducted clinical trials of SPES on chronic pain sufferers with extremely encouraging results. SPES works by transmitting electrical signals controlled by microprocessors， in particular patterns across the brain， using tiny electrodes （電板） attached to the patients earlobes. These signals stimulate chemical messages from the hypothalamus （下丘腦）， the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. As a result， a hormonal release is triggered， which alters the perception of pain. The pain is till there， says Professor Capel. but SPES helps you live with it. We are using the bodys natural ability to cope with pain. The treatment is painless and convenient， lasting for about an hour a day. The equipment is portable， so the person using it can move around comfortably. Other benefits are that it is non-addictive （不成癮的）and the patient does not build up a tolerance （忍受）to SPES. It can be used at home without medic al supervision. SPES should not， however， be used by pregnant women， epileptics （癲癇患者），people who have pacemakers fitted （ 裝上起博器）and those who are taking certain prescribed drugs. 16. It is reported that only a part of people experience pain in their life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 17. paraplegics and tetraplegics are people who most easily experience relentless and exhausting pain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 18. To illustrate how SPES works, scientists performed an experiment on an animal. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 19. Professor Ifor Caple has conducted a series of clinical trials of SPES on acute pain sufferers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 20. Hypothalamus is the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 21.When a hormonal release is triggered, it will reduce the production of pain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 22. The new device, SPES, will be used widely both in hospital and at home. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第2330題，每題1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2項測試任務： (1)第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2-5段每段選擇1個最佳標題； (2)第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。 1. The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elementswhich remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Ofthese permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Severalother gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton and xenon, comprises theremaining one percent of the volume of the dry air. The amount of water vapor and its variationsin amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gaseshold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke and other impurities which are alwayspresent n considerable, but variable amounts. 2. The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomesimperceptible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grewthinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence onweather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earthsatellites and missile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere hasthree well-defined strata. 3. The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, isknown as the troposphere. On the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of theatmosphere, because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earths surface which warmsthe air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with the increasing elevationis a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance fromthe earths surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the tropospheredecrease about 3.5 degrees per 1000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds andair currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams are located at the upperlevels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. Theynormally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150mph, butvelocities as 400mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jetstreams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensiveresearch may eventually reveal their true significance. 4. Above the troposphere to a height of about 50miles is a zone called the stratosphere.The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called thetropopause. Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filter outmost of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. the ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone werenot there, the full blast of the suns ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes andeventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmosphericcomposition are relatively uniform. 5. The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of thethree strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists of electrically charges particles calledions, thrown from the sun. the northern lights ( aurora borealis ) originate within this highlycharged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown. 23. Paragraph 1 _. 24. Paragraph 2 _. 25. Paragraph 3 _ 26. Paragraph 4 _. 27. At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually _. 28. Life as we know exists on the earth because the atmosphere _. 29. The atmosphere consists of _. 30. The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it _. 第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容,為每題確定1個最佳選項。 第一篇 Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned agreat deal, they still have not discovered the cause of volcanic action. They know that the inside ofthe earth is very hot, but they are not sure exactly what causes the great heat. Some geologistshave thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earths outer layers. Or the heatmay be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists havelearned about radium, uranium, thorium and other radioactive elements. These give out heat all thetime as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat insidethe earth is produced by radioactive elements.Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the fartherdown we dig, in deep mines and oil wells the temperature rises about 1 for each 50 feet. At thisrate the temperature 40 miles below the earths surface would be over 4000. This is much hotterthan necessary to melt rock. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials frommelting at their usual melting points. Geologists believe that the rock deep in the earth may beplastic or puttylike, in other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure but is not liquid. But if somechange in the earths crust rele ases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock canmove up toward the surface.When the melted rock works its way close to earths crust, a volcano may be formed.The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above givesway, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. Theseblow the melted rock into pieces of different sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cooland harden into volcanic ash and cinders. Some of the material falls around the hole made in theearths surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava. In this way, volcanic ash,cinders and lava build up the cone-shaped mountains that we call volcanoes. 31. The subject of this passage is the _. A. formation of volcanoes B. results of volcanic action C. work of geologists D. interior of the earth. 32. The cause for the heat in the interior of the earth is _. A. radioactive elements B. the great pressure of the earth C. not determined D. the heat remaining from the formation of the earth. 33. From the information given in the passage, most minerals would melt fastest _. A. at 4000, at sea level B. at 4000, 5000 feet below sea level C. at the exact center of earth at 4000, D. at 4000, 5000 feet above sea level 34.Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage? A. Geologists know that volcano action is caused by radioactive elements. B. Geologists know that there is higher temperature within the earth. C. The real causes of the heat inside the earth have not been found. D. Scientists have made various guesses about the causes of heat inside the earth. 35. The best title for the passage is _. A. The Heat Inside the Earth B. Volcanoes C. Radioactive Elements D. The Melted Rock 第二篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show thattalking on the phone while traveling, whether youre driving or on foot, is increasing bothpedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1 useby both pedestrians and drivers.The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics ProfessorPeter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phonesin use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a periodwhen cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, thisreduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a critical mass 3of 100 million, the study found.These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through2002, and factored in4 a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seatbelt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true evenwhen including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has asignificant adverse effect on pedestrian safety and that cell phones and their usage above acritical thresholds adds to motor vehicle fatalities. In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, beforethe numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a life-saving effect in pedestrianand traffic accidents, Loeb notes. Cell-phone users were able to quickly call for medicalassistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the numberof traffic deaths for a time, Loeb hypothesizes.However, this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when theycaused a life-taking effect among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those earlydays, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because driversand pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there werentenough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, heexplains.The life-saving effect occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, andincreasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop infatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out6 once the numbers of phonesreached a critical mass of about 100 million and the life-taking effect - increased accidents andfatalities outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb.Loeb and his co-authors used econometric models to analyze data from a number ofgovernment and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments considermore aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce thenumber of fatalities. 36. The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb A show that talking on the phone while driving or walking in the street increases deaths of drivers and pedestrians. B show that talking on the phone while driving increases pedestrian deaths. C recommend that strict measures be taken to restrain cell phone use. D both A and C. 37. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities? A Right after cell phones were invented. B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass CWhen cell phone users totaled to a certain number. DWhen the number of cell phones decreased to a certain number. 38.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4? AThe number of cell phones in use exploded in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s. B The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use. C Cell phone users are likely to be involved in traffic accidents. D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers. 39.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5? A It had a life-taking effect because there werent enough cell phones in use then. B The increased use of cell phones then caused a life-taking effect. C Traffic fatalities increased then because the number of cell phones in use decreased. D Traffic fatalities decreased then because the number of cell phones in use increased. 40. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question What caused the life-saving effect to occur in the early 1990s? AThere were more cell phone users during that period. B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million. C More cell phones were used to call 911 when accidents occurred. D Cell phones enabled people to have quick access to 911 services. 第三篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a studyby a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciencesl food scientistThe research indicates thatgenetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eatThose conclusions are important because recent，well-publicized efforts to reduce thesalt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accep