高中定語從句要點講解.doc

定語從句三部曲1. 找出先行詞；2. 確定先行詞在從句中的成分：主語，賓語， 狀語；3. 選擇正確的關(guān)系詞。幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法 that that: 可指人或物；可作主語，賓語。 指人時，相當于who或 whom； 指物時，相當于whichA letter _ is written in pencil is difficult to read. Do you know the gentleman _spoke just now?What is the question _they are talking about?Here is the man _you want to see. 只能用that 不能用which的情況1.先行詞為不定代詞時：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one.2.先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修飾時； 3.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時；4.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時； 5.先行詞既有人又有物時；6.先行詞是數(shù)次時；(two, ten, a hundred)7.如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)； 8.疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)； 9.主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞；10.被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。 (主語+be+n. /adj.; 主語+系動詞+adj.)即學即用1. The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about is really well known .2. The most important thing _ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 3. The last place _ we visited was the chemical works. 4. Theres nothing _ can be said about it . 5. This is the third film _ has been shown in our school this term. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two _are still alive.2. Who is the man _ is standing at the gate?3. Thats a good book _will help you a lot. 4. There is still a seat in the corner_ is still free.5. Edison built up a factory which produced things _had never been seen before. 逗號和介詞后面不能用that whichwhich: 指物；可作主語，賓語，狀語。 1. The book _ was on the desk was bought by my father. 2. The book _ I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3. The factory _ his father works is far from here. 只能用which不能用that 的情況：1. 介詞后面只能用which； Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2. 非限定性定語從句中。 More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.當關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時； Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 4. 先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. who, whom, whosewho: 主格, 在從句中作主語，只可指人；whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語，只可指人；whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。（whose = of which或of whom） I like the students who work hard. All who heard the story were amazed. Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room whose window faces south. 只能用who 不能用that 的情況1. 先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時； Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing. 2. 在非限定性定語從句中； His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3在there be開頭的句子中。 Here is a boy who wants to see you.When When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, year, month等） He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.when = 介詞+which I still remember the day when I first came to this school. (when= on which) He came at a time when we needed him most. (when= at which) We will never forget the year 1949, when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. (when= in which)比 較 I still remember the day _my brother joined the army. I still remember the days _we spent together. 先行詞是時間名詞，但在定語從句中做賓語或主語時，先行詞不能用when。Where Where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞。（如：place, school, factory, room等） This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. where = 介詞+which I recently went back to the town where I was born. (where = in which) I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine. (where = in which)比 較 The small mountain village _we spent our holiday last month is now very famous. This is the park _they visited last year. 先行詞是地點名詞，但在定語從句中做賓語或主語時，先行詞不能用where。Why Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代。 The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.比 較 I dont believe the reason that/which he gave me. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? 當關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，不能用why 引導(dǎo)。 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，關(guān)系詞才可以用when， where和why。補 充當先行詞為way時，定語從句常用that, in which,或how引導(dǎo)，that?？梢允÷?。 This is the way that / in which I do such things.Please do the experiment in the way that/which I have shown you. (做賓語)as 的用法He was a foreigner, _ I knew from his accent. A. that B. as C. where D. why如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。 I have the same book as you (have). Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 比較： I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.如為非限制性的，多單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首、句中或句尾，譯為“正如”。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health. 補 充 無論是關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語從句中充當一定的成分，因此，先行詞在定語從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)。 【誤】 This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【誤】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practice their spoken English.關(guān)系詞的省略在下列情況下，關(guān)系詞在非正式文體中可以省略:1. 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom在定語從句中做賓語時，?？墒÷?。 Are these keys (that which) you were looking for？ The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.2以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。 I dont like the way (that/ in which) she walks. The way (that /in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 3在the time when, the place where, the reason why結(jié)構(gòu)中，when, where, why可省略。 I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. Thats the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country. 定語從句重點總結(jié) 只能用that的情況（10種情況）； 不能用that 的情況（2種情況） 只能用which不能用that的情況（4種情況）； 只能用who 不能用that 的情況（4種情況）； 做狀語的三個關(guān)系副詞； 當先行詞為way時； as的用法； 成分不能重復(fù)； 關(guān)系詞的省略。1. Well never forget the days_ we spent together last year. A. when B. that C. how D. on which 2. The high yellow building over there, _was set up last year, is our office building. A. it B. that C. where D. which 3. It is the best TV play _Ive seen. A. that B. which C. since D. and 4. I often hear from my sister, _works as an engineer. A. that B. who C. he D. whom 5. Last month I visited the house _I used to live in my twenties. A. which B. who C. in that D. where 6. The day_ I was to start arrived at last. A. that B. which C. on which D. in that 7. The old woman has two sons, _are teachers. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. all of them D. neither of them 8. Is that the reason _you dont agree with them? A. what B. wh