高考定語從句總結(jié)ppt課件

.,Tomisastudentinclass11.Tomhastwobrothers.WealllikehimTomsfatherisafamousjournalist.,歸納：_,who,whom,whose,認(rèn)識(shí)關(guān)系代詞,Tom_hastwobrothersisastudentinclass11.Tom_wealllikeisastudentinclass11.Tom_fatherisafamousjournalistisastudentinclass11.,關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,在定語從句中指代人，分別做主語、賓語、定語，做賓語時(shí)who可以替代whom,也可以省略。,.,Thebookisveryinteresting.ThebookisaboutIraq.Iboughtthebookyesterday.,Thebook_isaboutIraqisveryinteresting.Thebook_Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.,歸納：_,which/that,which/that,關(guān)系代詞：that,which,在定語從句中指代物，做主語、賓語、表語。其中that,指代人和物都可以。做賓語時(shí)可以省略。,.,認(rèn)識(shí)關(guān)系副詞,Thedayisaspecialday.Iwillneverforgettheday.Shemarriedhimonthatday.,Theday_Iwillneverforgetisaspecialday.Theday_shemarriedhimisaspecialday.Theday_shemarriedhimisaspecialday.,that/which,onwhich,when,歸納：_,when在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。,.,Guilinisabeautifulplace.IvisitedGuilinlastyear.LiuSanjielivedinGuilin.,Guilin_Ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace.Guilin_LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.Guilin_LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.,that/which,inwhich,where,歸納：_,Where在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。,.,Shegavemethereason.Shewaslateforthereason.,Shegavemethereason_shewaslate.,forwhich,why,Shegavemethereason_shewaslate.,歸納：_,Why在定語從句中做原因狀語。,.,區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that和which,關(guān)系代詞的that用法,1.不用that的情況a.在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí):b.介詞后不能用.例如:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a.在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which.b.在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which.c.先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時(shí),只用thatd.先行詞為序數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用thate.先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)用that.f.先行詞被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時(shí)。,.,as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.典型例題1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he,答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。,2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。,.,as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。（3）as多用于下列句型：thesameas,suchas,asas,asisknown,aswehaveknowAsweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).,.,介詞+關(guān)系詞,1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?,whose+n表示所屬關(guān)系，可變?yōu)閚+ofwhich/whom，表示部分關(guān)系時(shí)，也可用部分關(guān)系詞+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.,.,1定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的（名詞）”。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：,易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句,.,Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.,that,(同位語從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that在從句中不作任何成分),that/which,(定語從句，that作told的賓語),.,2定語從句與狀語從句。試比較：Heleftthekey_hehadbeenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.Heissuchagoodteacher_allofusloveandrespect.,where,(where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于intheplacewhere),where,(where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theplace),as,(as引導(dǎo)定語從句),.,Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.3定語從句與主語從句。試比較：_isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina._isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.,that,(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,suchthat“如此以致”,As,(as引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首),It,(it做形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句),.,4定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman.Itwasinthehouse_Imettheyoungman.,where,(where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),that,(本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.),.,判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯(cuò)（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（錯(cuò)）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（對(duì)）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.（對(duì)）Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。,.,方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.,在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。,.,關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語)。,歸納：,.,定語從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn),1.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：因?yàn)榫渥映煞植幻鞫鲥e(cuò)，特別注意表時(shí)間的先行詞不一定用when，表地點(diǎn)的先行詞不一定用where。Icanneverforgettheday_weworkedtogetherandtheday_wespendtogether.When;whichB.What;thatC.onwhich;whenD.Which;whenThisisjusttheplace_Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhich2、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：因?yàn)榫渥映煞謴?fù)雜，特別是出現(xiàn)插入成分而出錯(cuò)。Thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes,_mostuncomfortable.whichIthinkitwasB.whichIthinkwasC.whichIthinkD.thatIthinkwasHeoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because,.,3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：因?yàn)榕cwhat從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。All_isneededisasupplyofoil.A./B.thatC.whatD.whichTheycameupwiththatbill,_theysay,wouldleadtoadropinthenumberoffreshcollegestudentsunabletoaffordeducation.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which4、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或其他句型混淆而出錯(cuò)。Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenWasitinhospital_shelivedfortenyears_shewastrainedtobearealnurse.A.that;whichB.which;thatC.where;thatD.that;where,.,5、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五：因與同位語從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。（判斷下列從句屬何種從句）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant._Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody._6、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)六：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句容易出錯(cuò)，特別是與主語從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。（選詞填空）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth._isknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth._isknownthattheearthisround.Asisknown,theearthisround.7、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)七：因某些特殊句型的定語從句辨析不明而出錯(cuò)。Thisisthebestway_hasbeenusedagainstpollution.A.whereB.whyC.whichD.thatLasttermourmathsteacherssetsuchadifficultexaminationproblem_noneofusworkedout.A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which,.,8、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)八：介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句容易出錯(cuò)，特別是因介詞的誤選而出錯(cuò)。Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhomBecauseofthetrafficjam_Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.thatD.whereDoyouknowtheartist_thejudgegaveaprize?Yes,heistheteacher_Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfor2years.A.towhom;whoB.towhom;bywhomC.whom;whoD.who;that9、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)九：因定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而出錯(cuò)。Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.haveSheistheoneofthefewgirlswho_passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have,.,10、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)十：分隔式定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而出錯(cuò)。Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where,.,1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich,.,4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.,A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x,5Who_hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?,A.thatBwhoCwhichDas,6YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.,treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated,.,7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.,A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich,8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.,A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas,9._weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who,.,10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.theC.thatD.which,.,12.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,A.whichB.wit