高考定語從句總結ppt課件

.,Tomisastudentinclass11.Tomhastwobrothers.WealllikehimTomsfatherisafamousjournalist.,歸納：_,who,whom,whose,認識關系代詞,Tom_hastwobrothersisastudentinclass11.Tom_wealllikeisastudentinclass11.Tom_fatherisafamousjournalistisastudentinclass11.,關系代詞：who,whom,whose,在定語從句中指代人，分別做主語、賓語、定語，做賓語時who可以替代whom,也可以省略。,.,Thebookisveryinteresting.ThebookisaboutIraq.Iboughtthebookyesterday.,Thebook_isaboutIraqisveryinteresting.Thebook_Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.,歸納：_,which/that,which/that,關系代詞：that,which,在定語從句中指代物，做主語、賓語、表語。其中that,指代人和物都可以。做賓語時可以省略。,.,認識關系副詞,Thedayisaspecialday.Iwillneverforgettheday.Shemarriedhimonthatday.,Theday_Iwillneverforgetisaspecialday.Theday_shemarriedhimisaspecialday.Theday_shemarriedhimisaspecialday.,that/which,onwhich,when,歸納：_,when在定語從句中做時間狀語。,.,Guilinisabeautifulplace.IvisitedGuilinlastyear.LiuSanjielivedinGuilin.,Guilin_Ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace.Guilin_LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.Guilin_LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.,that/which,inwhich,where,歸納：_,Where在定語從句中做地點狀語。,.,Shegavemethereason.Shewaslateforthereason.,Shegavemethereason_shewaslate.,forwhich,why,Shegavemethereason_shewaslate.,歸納：_,Why在定語從句中做原因狀語。,.,區(qū)分關系代詞that和which,關系代詞的that用法,1.不用that的情況a.在引導非限制性定語從句時:b.介詞后不能用.例如:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a.在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which.b.在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which.c.先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時,只用thatd.先行詞為序數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級時,只用thate.先行詞既有人,又有物時用that.f.先行詞被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時。,.,as,which引導的非限定性定語從句,由as,which引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.典型例題1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he,答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。,2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。,.,as和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1）as引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。（3）as多用于下列句型：thesameas,suchas,asas,asisknown,aswehaveknowAsweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).,.,介詞+關系詞,1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的介詞+關系詞“結構可以同關系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?,whose+n表示所屬關系，可變?yōu)閚+ofwhich/whom，表示部分關系時，也可用部分關系詞+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.,.,1定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關系“的（名詞）”。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：,易與定語從句混淆的其他復合句,.,Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.,that,(同位語從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that在從句中不作任何成分),that/which,(定語從句，that作told的賓語),.,2定語從句與狀語從句。試比較：Heleftthekey_hehadbeenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.Heissuchagoodteacher_allofusloveandrespect.,where,(where引導地點狀語從句，相當于intheplacewhere),where,(where引導定語從句，修飾theplace),as,(as引導定語從句),.,Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.3定語從句與主語從句。試比較：_isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina._isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.,that,(that引導結果狀語從句,suchthat“如此以致”,As,(as引導定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首),It,(it做形式主語，代替that引導的主語從句),.,4定語從句與強調(diào)結構。試比較：Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman.Itwasinthehouse_Imettheyoungman.,where,(where引導定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語),that,(本句為強調(diào)結構，可還原為Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.),.,判斷關系代詞與關系副詞,方法一：用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯（錯）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（錯）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（對）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.（對）Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。,.,方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.,在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選A。,.,關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)。,歸納：,.,定語從句易錯點,1.易錯點一：因為句子成分不明而出錯，特別注意表時間的先行詞不一定用when，表地點的先行詞不一定用where。Icanneverforgettheday_weworkedtogetherandtheday_wespendtogether.When;whichB.What;thatC.onwhich;whenD.Which;whenThisisjusttheplace_Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhich2、易錯點二：因為句子成分復雜，特別是出現(xiàn)插入成分而出錯。Thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes,_mostuncomfortable.whichIthinkitwasB.whichIthinkwasC.whichIthinkD.thatIthinkwasHeoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because,.,3、易錯點三：因為與what從句混淆而出錯。All_isneededisasupplyofoil.A./B.thatC.whatD.whichTheycameupwiththatbill,_theysay,wouldleadtoadropinthenumberoffreshcollegestudentsunabletoaffordeducation.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which4、易錯點四：與強調(diào)句型或其他句型混淆而出錯。Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenWasitinhospital_shelivedfortenyears_shewastrainedtobearealnurse.A.that;whichB.which;thatC.where;thatD.that;where,.,5、易錯點五：因與同位語從句混淆而出錯。（判斷下列從句屬何種從句）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant._Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody._6、易錯點六：as引導的定語從句容易出錯，特別是與主語從句混淆而出錯。（選詞填空）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth._isknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth._isknownthattheearthisround.Asisknown,theearthisround.7、易錯點七：因某些特殊句型的定語從句辨析不明而出錯。Thisisthebestway_hasbeenusedagainstpollution.A.whereB.whyC.whichD.thatLasttermourmathsteacherssetsuchadifficultexaminationproblem_noneofusworkedout.A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which,.,8、易錯點八：介詞+引導詞的定語從句容易出錯，特別是因介詞的誤選而出錯。Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhomBecauseofthetrafficjam_Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.thatD.whereDoyouknowtheartist_thejudgegaveaprize?Yes,heistheteacher_Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfor2years.A.towhom;whoB.towhom;bywhomC.whom;whoD.who;that9、易錯點九：因定語從句中謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式而出錯。Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.haveSheistheoneofthefewgirlswho_passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have,.,10、易錯點十：分隔式定語從句結構復雜而出錯。Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where,.,1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich,.,4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.,A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x,5Who_hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?,A.thatBwhoCwhichDas,6YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.,treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated,.,7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.,A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich,8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.,A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas,9._weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who,.,10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.theC.thatD.which,.,12.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,A.whichB.wit