聽寫,Mini-lecture和口譯中記筆記時的速記符號大全.doc

聽寫，Mini-lecture和口譯中記筆記時的速記符號大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. 1）Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency 2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department 3）Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism 4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative 5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro= introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition 6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government 7）Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions 9）Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting 10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. 11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. 12）Leave out unimportant words. 13）Leave out the words a and the. 14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. 15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is or equal 16）Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water 17）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus / parallel 18）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom 19）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client 20）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budgetind individual 21）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology genion generalisation dely delivery 22）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information 23）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem 24）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples: custs customersfs frequencies /s ratios 25）Use g to represent ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing 26）Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key 27）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were 28）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the 29）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB 30）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& and w/ with w/o without vs against 31）Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. as a result of / consequences of resulting in - and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than especially esp 縮略詞英語當中縮略詞使用的頻率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞，會對考試大有裨益?？s略詞的寫法一般為四種方式：91）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: manager MSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive 2）保留前幾個字母INFO informationINS insurance EXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3）保留開頭和結(jié)尾個發(fā)音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4）根據(jù)發(fā)音R areTHO thoughTHRU through 常用英語縮略詞表縮略詞 原詞APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible縮略詞 原詞AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large 字母、圖像Z 表示“人”people/person，因為“Z”看上去像個人頭，它通常被寫在一個詞或符號的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern 希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C來表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示為 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示為 PZE 表示總數(shù)：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.E 數(shù)學符號表示總值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G為效率符號。Q 表示“通貨膨脹”：inflation因為這個符號酷似一個上升的氣球。A 表示農(nóng)業(yè): agriculture. agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商業(yè)：business。C 表示沖突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation “C”中的“”表示反對，字母“C”將反對的概念縮小為conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，職業(yè): work, employ 等。它是work的第一個字母。所以WZ就可以用來表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工業(yè): industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業(yè)。U U 看酷似一個酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty, agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會表示“舉杯祝賀”。如果在U內(nèi)填入2，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）, 填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m (multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個“/”表示談判破裂。O 表示“國家”、“民族”、“領(lǐng)土”等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示進口，Og表示出口這個符號酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符號上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc. T 表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示為 CT 圓圈表示一個圓桌，中間一點表示一盆花，這個符號就可以表示會議、開會等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 這個符號看上像條魚，所以表示“捕魚業(yè)”等合fishery 有關(guān)的詞匯。O 圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個符號就可以表示國際的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示開心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不滿、生氣unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示聽到、總所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不關(guān)心、無動于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc. 箭頭g 表示到達、傳達：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示導(dǎo)致、引導(dǎo)：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示來自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch，open, start, etc.表示發(fā)展、加強、推進：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.數(shù)學符號+ 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示“多”的比較級：more+3 表示“多”的最高級：most 表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示“錯誤”、“失誤”和“壞”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc. = 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示“對手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示“在.之間”：among, within, etc. 表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc. 表示“無敵”概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示“大約”概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示