通信專業(yè)英語PPT課件

.,1,通信與電子信息工程專業(yè)英語,EnglishforCommunicationandElectronicInformationEngineering,.,2,學(xué)習(xí)本課程的目的掌握專業(yè)英文的閱讀、翻譯、寫作的基本方法；學(xué)習(xí)、積累英文專業(yè)詞匯；了解專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一些技術(shù)、知識。,本課程的主要內(nèi)容專業(yè)英語基礎(chǔ)知識精選專業(yè)文獻的閱讀、講解及翻譯練習(xí)專業(yè)文獻(摘要)的寫作練習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)本課程的主要方式課前預(yù)習(xí)課堂講解重點難點課后練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)、小測,.,3,建議準(zhǔn)備筆記本準(zhǔn)備英漢專業(yè)詞典,要求獨立完成作業(yè)遵守課堂紀(jì)律,.,4,Lesson0科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識TheBasicKnowledgeofScientificandTechnicalEnglish,.,5,Lesson0科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識TheBasicKnowledge,0.1科技英語的特點features0.2專業(yè)英文翻譯概述Translation0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法TranslationMethods0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions0.6關(guān)于圖、表FiguresandTables0.7專業(yè)英文的寫作Writing,.,6,科技英語與普通英語相比有自己的特點:,常包含一些數(shù)據(jù)、公式、符號、圖表、程序等,語言簡練、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、表達明確、概念清晰,語法上特點：常用一般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)；復(fù)雜長句多；被動語態(tài)多；（“被”、“經(jīng)過”、“受了”、“由于”）非謂語動詞多；（動名詞、分詞、不定式）非人稱語氣，常用It作主語；條件句多，常用If語句。,0.1科技英語的特點features,.,7,詞匯的特點：大量使用專業(yè)詞匯、轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯；較多使用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換adjn,nv,等等；較多使用詞綴、詞根，甚至用詞綴詞根創(chuàng)造新詞；大量使用專業(yè)縮寫詞；新專業(yè)詞匯、縮寫詞不斷出現(xiàn)。,科技英語與普通英語相比有自己的特點:,0.1科技英語的特點features,coden.碼v.編碼variableadj.可變的，易變的n.變量multipleadj.多樣的n.倍數(shù)theleastcommon,合成詞：multimeter萬用表，interface接口、界面code-decodecodec編解碼coder-decodercodec編解碼器modulator-demolatormodem調(diào)制解調(diào)器Interactive-networkinternet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、因特網(wǎng)transmitter-receivertransceiver收發(fā)器,GSM,GPRS,CDMA,GPS,CPU,USB,LCD,.,8,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.1長句Longsentences,有兩種方法簡化長句，以正確把握長句句意,依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞簡化詞組。,e.g.Theratioofthecapacitancewithsomematerialotherthanairbetweentheplates,tothecapacitanceofthesamecapacitorwithairinsulation,iscalledthedielectricconstantofthatparticularmaterial.,ratioiscalledconstant,依據(jù)謂語動詞把復(fù)合句分解成一組簡單句。,theratioofAtoB：A與B的比率Insulation絕緣，insulated，insulatingdielectricconstant介電常數(shù),.,9,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.1長句Longsentences,e.g.Thiselectronbeamsweepsacrosseachlineatauniformrate，thenfliesbacktoscananotherlinedirectlybelowthepreviousoneandsoon，untilthehorizontallinesintowhichitisdesiredtobreakorsplitthepicturehavebeenscannedinthedesiredsequence,electronbeam電子束atauniformrate以均勻的速率scan掃描horizontallines水平行線inthedesiredsequence按希望的順序,.,10,e.g.Fordirectcurrentandlow-frequencyalternatingcurrent(uptoafewthousandcyclespersecond)theresistanceisreverselyproportionaltothecross-sectionalareaofthepaththecurrentmusttravel;thatis,giventwoconductorsofthesamematerialandhavingsamelength,butdifferingincrossing-sectionalarea,theonewithlargerareawillhavethelowerresistance.,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.1長句Longsentences,resistanceisreverselyproportionaltoarea,thatis,onewillhavethelowerresistance.,A與B成(正/反)比例(directly)Abe(reversely)proportionaltoB(inversely)(direct)Abein(reverse)proportion/ratiotoB(inverse)(reciprocal)Theyareinaratioof3to7.它們之間比率為3比7。,.,11,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.1長句Longsentences,e.g.Theseinexpensiveandrelativelyfastdigitalcircuitshavemadeitpossibletoconstructhighlysophisticateddigitalsystemsthatarecapableofperformingcomplexdigitalsignalprocessingfunctionsandtasks,whichareusuallytoodifficultand/ortooexpensivetobeperformedbyanalogcircuitryoranalogsignalprocessingsystems.,主干：digitalcircuitshavemadeitpossibletoconstructdigitalsystemsthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾digitalsystemswhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾functionsandtasks,.,12,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,普通詞匯Commonvocabularies,0.1科技英語的特點features,專業(yè)詞匯Specialityvocabularies,大部分是名詞、名詞詞組，少量形容詞，詞意單一，用法簡單。,.,13,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,專業(yè)詞匯Specialityvocabularies,0.1科技英語的特點features,electronic電子的mail（Email）electric電的voltage，current，resistanceelectrical電氣的engineer，property,electro-電-electromagneticwave，electrodynamic,electrode電極anode陽極、正極cathode陰極、負極,positive陽性的、正的、正數(shù)negative陰性的、負的、負數(shù),.,14,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,0.1科技英語的特點features,diode二極管triode三極(真空)管,oscillator振蕩器oscilloscope示波器oscillo-波動,radio無線電、收音機radar雷達laser激光,Ohmslaw歐姆定律,amplifier放大器,transistor晶體管、三極管field-effecttransistor場效應(yīng)晶體管（FET）,專業(yè)詞匯Specialityvocabularies,.,15,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯Transferedwords,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,從普通詞匯借用、移植過來，賦予了專業(yè)含義。出現(xiàn)在專業(yè)文獻中，一般就是使用其專業(yè)含義。,resistance阻力,抵抗,敵對,電阻(值),current水流,氣流,趨勢,當(dāng)前的,電流,charge裝載,起訴,負責(zé),載荷,電荷,充電,circuit周圍,巡回,繞行,電路,.,16,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯Transferedwords,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,bus公共汽車,總線,network網(wǎng)、網(wǎng)狀組織,網(wǎng)絡(luò),rectifier修正者,整流器,monitor班長,顯示器、監(jiān)視器,power力量、動力,電源、功率、動力、電力、冪,field田野,場地,領(lǐng)域,（電、磁）場,regulator調(diào)整者,穩(wěn)壓器,.,17,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯Transferedwords,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,resistance：電阻，電阻值resistor：電阻（器）capacitance：電容，電容值capacitor：電容（器）inductance：電感，電感值inductor：電感（器）,parallelserial：并行串行parallelseries：并聯(lián)串聯(lián),analogdigital：模擬的數(shù)字的continuousdiscrete：連續(xù)的離散的,.,18,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯Transferedwords,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,有些單詞的通用含義很接近，但它們的專業(yè)含義卻完全不同，如：differential：微分difference：差分probability：概率possibility：可能性,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯還有：failure，relay，antenna，coherent，filter，spectrum，modulator，flip-flop，potential,carrier,line,loop等等,.,19,專業(yè)縮寫詞SpecialityAbbreviations,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,FET-field-effecttransistor場效應(yīng)管IC-integratedcircuit集成電路USB-UniversalSerialBas通用串行總線AM-amplitudemodulation幅度調(diào)制、調(diào)幅FM-frequencymodulation頻率調(diào)制、調(diào)頻,通信、電信技術(shù)發(fā)展飛速，新縮寫詞不斷出現(xiàn)。,DC.dc.-directcurrent直流AC.ac.-Alternatingcurrent交流,.,20,專業(yè)縮寫詞SpecialityAbbreviations有些是組織機構(gòu)的縮寫，如：,0.1科技英語的特點features,0.1.2詞匯Vocabulariesorwords,ITU-,InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion國際電信聯(lián)盟,IEEE-,InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會,ISO-InternationalStandardizationOrganization國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織,還有IEC,ANSI，AToutputis“0”,ifallinputsarenot“1”.,在“與”電路中,若所有輸入端為“1”信號,則輸出“1”;若所有輸入端不是“1”,則輸出“0”。,在“與”電路中,若所有輸入端為“1”信號,則輸出“1”;若輸入端不全為“1”,則輸出“0”。,錯,.,25,0.2.1翻譯的準(zhǔn)則TheCriteriaofTranslation,e.g.Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.,因為橡膠阻止電通過，所以用作絕緣材料。,e.g.WaterlooBridge,魂斷藍橋,因為橡膠不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。,信,達,雅,0.2專業(yè)英文翻譯概述Translation,.,26,Step1先大致瀏覽一遍全文，了解專業(yè)背景，理解大意。Step2查詞典掌握生詞含意。Step3用中文將原作表達出來，力求忠實原作，通順流暢，可對原作作適當(dāng)增刪或延伸。Step4檢查校對。,0.2.2翻譯的基本步驟ThestepsofTranslation,0.2專業(yè)英文翻譯概述Translation,.,27,e.g.Incomputerweusebittorepresenttheminimumdata.在計算機中我們用位來表示最小的數(shù)據(jù)。,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.1直譯LiteralTranslation,翻譯中，能夠直譯的情況較少，一般都需要做適當(dāng)?shù)淖儞Q、省略、增補等以符合中文的規(guī)范和習(xí)慣，達到“達”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,.,28,中文：動詞使用更多，用法更靈活英文：有冠詞；大量使用介詞,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2變換ChangesinTranslation詞性的變換,e.g.Theminiaturereceivingantennawasdevelopedasanalternativetothatlargeone.這種小型接收天線是為取代那種大型天線而研制的。n.v.,.,29,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2變換ChangesinTranslation詞性的變換,e.g.Gasesdifferfromsolidsinthattheformerhavegreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.氣體與固體的區(qū)別在于前者較后者有更大的可壓縮性。v.n.,e.g.Reliabilityfeaturesthiscontrolsystem.可靠性是這個控制系統(tǒng)的特色。v.n.,.,30,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2變換ChangesinTranslation詞序的變換名詞修飾語語序,e.g.Themaindevicefailuremodeissecondbreakdown.,主要器件的失效模式是二次擊穿。,錯!,器件的主要失效模式是二次擊穿。,.,31,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2變換ChangesinTranslation詞序的變換謂語狀語語序,e.g.IntegratedcircuitsweresuccessfullydevelopedinAmericanin1958.,集成電路于1958年在美國研制成功。,英語詞序：謂語方式狀語地點狀語時間狀語漢語詞序：時間狀語地點狀語方式狀語謂語,.,32,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2變換ChangesinTranslation詞序的變換被動、主動語態(tài),e.g.Anelectricfieldcanbeproducedbyanychargespresentinspace.,電場可由空間存在的任何電荷所產(chǎn)生。,空間存在的任何電荷均會產(chǎn)生電場。,.,33,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.3省略Ellipsis,通常省略冠詞、介詞、代詞等,e.g.Anysubstanceismadeofatoms,whetheritisagas,aliquid,orasolid.,任何物質(zhì),無論是氣體、液體或固體,皆由原子組成。（省略冠詞）,e.g.Itisthirtycubicmetersinvolume.,體積是30立方米。(省略代詞It、介詞in),.,34,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4增補Supplements,e.g.ThefirsttermofFourierseriesiscalledthefundamental,theotherstheharmonics.,傅里葉級數(shù)的第一項稱為基波,其它各項稱為諧波。,e.g.ThefirsttermofFourierseriesiscalledthefundamental,theothersarecalledtheharmonics.,.,35,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4增補Supplements,e.g.Theattenuationofthefilterisnearlyconstanttowithin0.5dBovertheentirefrequencyband,該濾波器的衰減在整個頻帶內(nèi)接近恒定在0.5dB以內(nèi)。,該濾波器的衰減近于恒定,整個頻帶內(nèi)的變化在0.5dB以內(nèi)。,.,36,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4增補Supplements,reading讀書preparation準(zhǔn)備工作networking聯(lián)網(wǎng)achip一片芯片threecomputer三臺計算機Thespeedisfast.速度很快。theexperts專家們,.,37,0.3專業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.5引申Extensions,e.g.Theproductyieldisasensitivefunctionofprocesscontrol.,產(chǎn)品的成品率與工藝控制密切相關(guān)。,直譯生硬、拗口時，可在正確理解原意的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)引申。,e.g.Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.,因為橡膠不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。,.,38,數(shù)制,0.4.1數(shù)制Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,Bigsystem:,(Forengineering),Smallsystem:everyorderofmagnitude,(Forcommonusing),American:everythreeordersofmagnitude,British:everysixordersofmagnitude,everyfourordersofmagnitude,.,39,數(shù)制,0.4.1數(shù)制Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,語,.,40,數(shù)量級常使用對應(yīng)的數(shù)量級縮寫，作為單位的接頭詞,0.4.2數(shù)量級和國際單位Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,.,41,0.4.2數(shù)量級和國際單位Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,.,42,國際單位制（部分）量單位符號lengthmetermmasskilogramkgtimesecondsangleradianradelectriccurrentampereAelectriccapacitancefaradFelectricchargecoulombC,0.4.2數(shù)量級和國際單位Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,.,43,國際單位制（部分）量單位符號electricpotentialvoltVelectricresistanceohmelectricfrequencyhertzHzelectricinductanceherryHelectricpowerwattWthermodynamicKelvindegreeKtemperatureCelsiusdegree,0.4.2數(shù)量級和國際單位Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,.,44,0.4.2數(shù)量級和國際單位Numbersystems,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,kilometer:kmpicofarad:pFmillisecond:msdecibel:dBMegabytes：MB,以為單位：inunitsof.或ine.g.anangleinradianscurrentinampereswherefisinhertzandvisinvoltsinthousandsinbillionsofdollars注意單位名用復(fù)數(shù)形式,.,45,AisNtimesaslarge/many/heavy/asBAisNtimeslarger/more/heavier/asBAislarger/more/heavier/thanBbyNtimesA的大小/數(shù)量/重量/是B的N倍。A比B大/多/重/N1倍。,0.4.3數(shù)量的增減IncreaseandDecrease,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,Adouble/treble/quadruple/quintuple增加到二倍/三倍/四倍/五倍e.g.Wedoublethevoltage.,.,46,increaseNtimesincreasetoNtimesincreasebyNtimesincreasebyafactorofNincreaseN-foldincreaseNtimesasmuch/many/as增加為N倍，或增加了N-1倍（有另解）,0.4.3數(shù)量的增減IncreaseandDecrease,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,increasebyx%增加了xreducebyx%減少了x,.,47,decreaseNtimesdecreasetoNtimesdecreasebyNtimesdecreasebyafactorofNdecreaseN-folddecreaseNtimesasmuch/many/asN-foldreduction/decreasebeNtimeslessthan減少了(N1)/N倍，或減少到1/N。動詞還可換成reduce、shorten、drop、cutdown等,0.4.3數(shù)量的增減IncreaseandDecrease,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,.,48,0.4.3數(shù)量的增減IncreaseandDecrease,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,e.g.Theswitchingtimeofthenewtypetransistorisshortenedbyafactorofthree.譯文1:新型晶體管的開關(guān)時間縮短了三分之二。譯文2:新型晶體管的開關(guān)時間縮短為三分之一。,e.g.ThecostofTVsetswasreducedby70%.電視機的成本降低了70%。,e.g.Thevoltagehasdroppedfivetimes.電壓下降了五分之四。,.,49,maximum、minimum、peak、valley、average、mean、absolute、median、optimum、upper、lower,0.4.4最大、最小、平均等,0.4關(guān)于數(shù)量NumbersandQuantities,e.g.Themaximumcommunicationrateinthisnetworkis64kbps.,e.g.Theupperworkingtemperaturelimitofthismachineis45.溫度上限,e.g.lowerfrequencylimit、averagetrafficload、peakvalue,.,50,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.1常用數(shù)學(xué)符號Mathematicsymbols,.,51,補充:,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.1常用數(shù)學(xué)符號Mathematicsymbols,ahalf,onehalf,athird,onethird,twothirds,onehundredandthirteenoverthreehundred,fourandtwothirds,Zero(O,naught)pointtwofive,.,52,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,addv.加addend加數(shù)summand被加數(shù)adder、summer加法器plusprep.加上a.n.正(的),subtractv.減subtrahend減數(shù)minuend被減數(shù)subtracter減法器minusprep.減去，a.n.負(的),.,53,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,multiplyv.乘multiplier乘數(shù)、系數(shù)、乘法器、倍增器multiplicand被乘數(shù)multiple倍數(shù),dividev.除divider除數(shù)、系數(shù)、除法器、分頻器dividend被除數(shù)divisor除數(shù)、因子、分壓器、約數(shù),.,54,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,addatobisc,aaddsbisc,aandbisc,aplusbisc,subtractbfroma,asubtractsb,bfroma,aminusb,multiplyabyb,amultipliedbyb,atimesb,divideabyb,adividedbyb,bintoa,aoverb,ab,ab,ab,a/b,a+b=c,.,55,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,xsquared,thesquareofx,thesecondpowerofx,xtothesecondpower,xcubed,thecubeofx,thethirdpowerofx，xtothethirdpower,thenthpowerofx，xtothepowerofn,thesquarerootofx，rootx,thecuberootofx,thenthrootofx,.,56,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,logbtothebasea,thelogarithmofbtothebasea,sine,cosine,tangent,logxtothebase10,commonlogarithm,logxtothebasee,naturallogarithm,cotangent,arcsine,arccosine,.,57,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,thesummationofxsubi,whereigoesfrom1ton,theproductofxsubi,whereigoesfrom1ton,thedifferentialcoefficientofywithrespecttox,thefirstderivativeofywithrespecttox,thenthderivativeofywithrespecttox,.,58,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,thepartialderivativeofywithrespectofu,whereyisafunctionofuandanothervariable(s),integralof,doubleintegralof,n-foldintegralof,integralbetweenlimitsaandb(.fromatob),.,59,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,factorialn,theabsolutevalueofx,themeanvalueofx,xbar,xprime,functionfofx,.,60,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,integerdecimalfractionrationalnumberirrationalnumberrealnumberimaginarynumberpositivenumbernegativenumber,complexnumbersingularnumberpluralnumberevennumberoddnumberprimenumberbasenumberrandomnumbern-digitnumber,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,.,61,0.5關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號和數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用數(shù)學(xué)式MathematicExpressions,functionequationinequalityexpressionformulavariable(IV:independentDV:dependent)constantparametercoefficientfactor,.,62,0.6關(guān)于圖、表FiguresandTables,0.6.1圖Figures,圖的編號,Figure1,Figure2,對于較短的文章，可將所有圖按順序統(tǒng)一編號如：,Fig.1,Fig.2,對于較長的文章，可將所有圖分章節(jié)編號如：,Figure1-1,Figure1-2,Figure2-1,Figure2-2,Fig.1-1,Fig.1-2,Fig.2-1,Fig.2-2,.,63,0.6關(guān)于圖、表FiguresandTables,0.6.1圖Figures,圖的來源,Fig.1theATVLSI;frequencysynthesis,.,80,theauthorsintroduceanewapproachfortrafficcharacterisationinATMnetworks.Thisisbasedonthestudyofremotequantilesassociatedwithstationarypointprocessesasfunctionsoftimeinterval.Itisshownthatusefulinformationaboutthemeanandvariabilityoftheprocesscanbeextractedfromtheasymptoticbehavior.Finally,theauthorsshowtheuseofsuchtimequantilesinthecontextofqueuedimen-sioningwhichallowscomparisonoftheblockingbehavioroftrafficstreamswithoutdetailedcalculations.,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.3論文的摘要theAbstract,e.g.,Abstract:,NewapproachfortrafficcharacterisationinATMnetwork,.,81,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.3論文的摘要theAbstract,e.g.,Keywords:ATMnetwork,queuedimensioning,remotequantiles,trafficcharacterisation,.,82,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,在論文中，凡是引用或參考他人文獻的數(shù)據(jù)、資料、觀點、方法和研究成果的地方，都應(yīng)該標(biāo)明出處，對應(yīng)的在參考文獻中列出。,體現(xiàn)對他人勞動、研究成果的尊重，反映作者嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度和研究工作的科學(xué)依據(jù)；便于讀者追溯有關(guān)原始文獻，進一步查閱參考文獻。,.,83,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,參考文獻著錄格式,在正文中引用參考文獻的標(biāo)注方法：一般采用順序編號法。即在引用文字的右上角標(biāo)注序號，按在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序進行編號。,在文后參考文獻中所列的文獻順序應(yīng)與正文中編號一致。,.,84,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,按國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，參考文獻的著錄格式分為3部分：作者姓名.文獻題名.出版事項,1戴明楨.數(shù)字信號處理的硬件實現(xiàn)M.北京：航空工業(yè)出版社,1998.12-15,序號作者姓名.文獻題名文獻類型標(biāo)識.出版地:出版社，出版年.起止頁碼(任選),對于專著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、報告，具體格式為：,參考文獻著錄格式,14StephenG.Wilson.DigitalModulationandCodingM.PrenticeHall.1996,.,85,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,6金顯賀，王昌長，王忠東，等.一種用于在線檢測局部放電的數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)J.清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版)，1993，33(4):62-67,對于期刊文章，具體格式為：,序號作者姓名.文獻題名J.刊名,年,卷(期):起止頁碼,參考文獻著錄格式,9Tekinay,S.andJabbari,B.Handoverandchannelassignmentinmobilecellularnetworks.IEEECom-municationMagazine,1991,29(11):42-46,.,86,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,專著M論文集C報刊文章N期刊文章J學(xué)位論文D報告R專著或論文集中析出的文獻A對于其他未說明的文獻類型Z,參考文獻著錄格式,其中文獻類型標(biāo)識規(guī)定,光盤圖書M/CD,網(wǎng)上電子公告EB/OL,網(wǎng)上期刊J/OL,對于電子類型的參考文獻，常用的有：,網(wǎng)上數(shù)據(jù)庫DB/OL,.,87,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.4論文的參考文獻References,參考文獻著錄格式,8謝希德.創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路N.人民日報，1998-12-25(10),11王明亮.關(guān)于中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)工程的進展EB/OL.,.,88,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,(1)Inthispaper,.is(are)presented(described,discussed,investigated,studied).(2)Thispaper(article,thesis)focuseson(presents,describes,discusses)(3)Thepurpose(aim,objective,attempt)ofthispaperisto.(4)Theapproachisbasedon.(5)Conditionsareconsideredfor.(6)Therequirementfor.,.,89,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,(7)Thesimulationisperformedbyusing.(8)Thismethodisconfirmedexperimentallywith.(9)Theresultofthisstudycanbesummarizedfor.(10)Resultsforarefoundtobeclosetotheexperimentaldata(11)Thispaperdemonstrates.(12)Theanalysisofthisstudyillustrates.,.,90,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,并作如下補充：,摘要寫作：,.,91,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,.,92,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,Thispaperaimstov,.,93,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,.,94,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,.,95,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,.,96,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文寫作：,.,97,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文寫作定義、描述,definetake(4)considerdescribereferto,.as.,.,98,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文寫作假說、假設(shè)：,(1),(2),.,99,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要寫作：,(3),正文寫作假說、假設(shè)：,.,100,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,(4),正文寫作假說、假設(shè)：,.,101,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,(1),正文寫作分類：,.,102,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,(2),正文寫作分類：,.,103,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,結(jié)語寫作：,.,104,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,結(jié)語寫作：,.,105,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.5寫作常用句型SentencePatterns,結(jié)語寫作：,.,106,0.7專業(yè)英文寫作Writing,0.7.6寫作練習(xí)Exercises,.,107,Lesson1電子通信簡介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,(UNIT6PassageA)Intensivereading：1.2.,.,108,內(nèi)容大綱Outline：,Lesson1電子通信簡介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,1.1HistoricalPerspective,Developments,Atimechartshowingthehistoricaldevelopments,Allcommunicationssystemsinvolvesthreemainsubsystems:transmitter,receiver,channel.,Construction,1.2ElectronicCommunicationsSystems,.,109,內(nèi)容大綱Outline：,Lesson1電子通信簡介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,1.3TheElectromagneticSpectrum,1.4BandwidthandInformationCapacity,Spectrum,Informationtheory,Acommunicationsystemisstronglydependentonitsoperatingfrequencyband.Aspectrumtableshowstheelectromagneticwavebands.,Hartleyslaw:I=Bt,Shannonsformula:,.,110,精讀詳解Intensivereading：,Lesson1電子通信簡介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,Thefundamentalpurposeofanelectroniccommunicationsystemsistotransferinformationfromoneplacetoanother.Thus,electroniccommunicationscanbesummarizedasthetransmission,reception,andprocessingofinformationbetweentwoormorelocationsusingelectroniccircuits.,1.1HistoricalPerspective,generalpurpose通用specialpurpose專用multi-purpose多用，萬用的,.,111,精讀詳解Intensivereading：,Lesson1電子通信簡介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,Theoriginalsourceinformationcanbeinanalog(continuous)form,suchasthehumanvoiceormusic,orindigital(discrete)form,suchasbinary-codednumbersoralphanumericcodes.Allfor