初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解-練習(xí)及答案

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【詞匯辨析】1. sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: “有時(shí)”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times: “幾次” I have been to Nanjing some times.sometime: “某一時(shí)刻” I bought it sometime last spring.Well meet again sometime next week. some time: “一段時(shí)間” We have to stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如： 許多書 許多牛奶 (2)a few和a little都表示有一點(diǎn)兒，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于some，但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London. -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, just a little. (3)few和little表示幾乎沒有，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】加-ingbe busy doing sth. 忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking.look forward to + doing sth. 期待做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again.Thank you for (doing) sth. 為了感謝你 eg: Thank you for your help.have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 eg: I had great fun playing in the water.=have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water.have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困難eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞】 又叫情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。它們具有以下特點(diǎn)： 它們必須與其他動(dòng)詞連用，即：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形表示說話人對(duì)所述動(dòng)作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。 絕大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s（以be和have 開頭的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語除外）。 在意義上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有“多義性”。例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允許等意義?！厩閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法】1. can的基本用法： 表示體力或智力上的能力，即“能夠，會(huì)”，可與be able to轉(zhuǎn)換。例：He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball? No, I cant. 如果表示將來具備的能力，要用will be able to。例：If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示許可，主要用于口語，書面語一般用may。例：Can we go home now, please? No, you cant. You can only smoke in this room. You cant keep the library books for more than a month. 表示“可能”，與may同義，但一般用在疑問句中。例：What can he possibly want? 在否定句中，否定形式cant表示推測(cè)“不大可能”。例：Anybody can make mistakes. The news cant be true. 與第一、二人稱連用時(shí)，還可以就可能的解決問題的方式或可能的行為提出建議。在這里，也可用could使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。例：Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我們可以再見面嗎？What shall we do? 我們?cè)趺崔k呢？ We can / could try asking Lucy for help.我們可以請(qǐng)露茜幫忙試試看。You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以幫我做飯。2. may的基本用法: 表示“許可”，用can比較口語化。例：You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想來，你就來。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公園內(nèi)不許摘花。（may not表示按規(guī)定不許可，如果用mustnt則表示說話人不許可。）May I smoke here? 我可以在這里抽煙嗎？No, you mustnt.不行。（mustnt表示明確的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推測(cè)，“可能”。例：It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能會(huì)下雨。The news may not be true. 這個(gè)消息可能不會(huì)是真的。注意：如果在疑問句中表示“可能”，通常用can。例：Can it be true? 那會(huì)是真的嗎？Who can he be? 他究竟是誰呢？ 【注意】：May I/we？Yes, you may./No, you mustnt.3. must的基本用法: 表示必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意志。例：I must go now, or Ill be late. You must be here by ten oclock. 【注意】：表示“必須“時(shí)，must的否定式為neednt ，或dont have to ,而不是mustnt。也就是：Must I/we do it now？Yes, you must . No, you neednt /dont have to .例：Must I go with them?No, you . 表示推測(cè)，一般只用于肯定陳述句,表示非?？隙ā＠篠he didnt look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看，一定是生氣了。He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英語好，準(zhǔn)知道這個(gè)詞。You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是瓊斯先生吧。4. have to的基本用法：have to可視為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但它與其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在用法上稍有不同。其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，而have to卻有人稱和數(shù)的變化，要視主語的不同而變化。例：I / You / We / They have to. He / She / It has to. You dont have to.Does she have to?have to =have got to，意思是“必須，不得不”。和must不同之處：must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀需要have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now. 對(duì)不起，現(xiàn)在我得走了。Ive got to go to a meeting. 我得去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他將不得不工作到深夜嗎？5. need的基本用法：need的基本詞義是“需要”，它既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只用于否定句和疑問句。它只有一種形式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例：I dont believe you need worry. 我相信你沒有必要焦急。Need we go so soon?我們需要這么早就去嗎？ Yes, we must. / No, we neednt.是的，必須。不，不必。So I neednt tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告訴他，對(duì)吧？請(qǐng)比較以下兩句話的不同意思：You neednt buy the coat. 你沒有必要買那件外衣。（你還沒買）You neednt have bought the coat. 你沒有必要買這件外衣的。（而你卻買了）【注意】：Need I/we？Yes，you must ./No, you neednt / dont have to . need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如果人作主語，一般后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。即need to do sth；如果物作主語，一般后用need to be done 或need doing sth。例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary. My watch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了。We dont need to work today. (= We neednt work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?) 6. had better的基本用法：had better常略作d better?，F(xiàn)代語法認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗蠼硬粠o的動(dòng)詞不定式。had better do sth意思是“最好做某事；還是做某事比較好”。例：Youd better get some sleep. 你最好睡一會(huì)兒。Youd better not do that again. 你最好別再做那件事。What had we better do now? 我們現(xiàn)在怎么做才好呢？Hadnt we better tell her the truth? 我們是否最好不告訴她真相?【注意】：Youd better.表示勸告或委婉的命令，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不宜使用。7.could, should, would, might表示推測(cè)：. must多用于肯定句中表示把握性極大的推測(cè),意思為“一定、肯定”。如: You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 這本書一定是他的,封面上寫著他的名字?！咀⒁狻?must不表推測(cè)時(shí),在肯定句中意思為“必須(強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在的職責(zé))”,在否定句中意思為“不許、禁止”,以它開頭的疑問句否定回答常用neednt或dont (doesnt) have to。如:We must obey the traffic rules. 我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。Cars mustnt be parked here. 此處嚴(yán)禁停車。Must we hand in the papers this week? 我們必須本星期交論文嗎?No, you neednt. 不,你們不必(本星期交)。 . can / could多用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中表示推測(cè)、懷疑,兩者在時(shí)間上沒有差別。用can時(shí)不相信的程度更強(qiáng)一些, cant常常譯為“不可能”。如:The man under the tree cant be Tom. Hes gone to England. 這個(gè)人不可能是Tom,他已經(jīng)去英國(guó)了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一個(gè)五歲的孩子愚弄了,這能是真的嗎?Could this be an excuse? 這會(huì)不會(huì)是個(gè)借口?How can you be so careless! 你怎么這樣粗心!.may / might多用來表示把握性不大的推測(cè),意思為“也許、可能”, might比may的把握性更小一些。may not在否定句中常常譯為“可能不”。(注意區(qū)分“不可能”與“可能不”在把握性大小上的差異。)如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也許知道李教授的電話號(hào)碼。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.這可能就是湯姆一直在找的鑰匙。She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那兒。二、 典型例題 【中考鏈接】（ ）1Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustnt B. may no C. cant D. neednt（ ）2Must I go with them tomorrow？ No，you _. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant（ ）3_ I take some photos in the hall? No, you _.A. Can, neednt B. Must, mustnt C. Could, wont D. May, mustnt（ ）4Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont（ ）5The lake is said to be dry. Is that true? It _.Look, some kids are swimming in it.A. must be true B. cant be true C. may not be true（ ）6What is your mother going to do this Saturday? Im not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. canB. mustC. may（ ）7Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A. must B. might C. cant D. shouldnt （ ）8Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.A. needntB. may not C. mustnt D. cant（ ）9Lets go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is not far away from here. We _take a taxi.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant（ ）10Can you play the piano?Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends.A. neednt B. need C. cant D. can 三、課后練習(xí) 一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. You _ return the library book on time.2. I _ (not) find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way?3. _ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). You _ do it later.4. He said he _ (not) come tonight.5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her.6. Its time for class. You _ stop playing football or you _be late for class.7. We _ start right now, or they would get there first.8. The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.二、選擇填空（ ）1.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need（ ）2. Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? No， you . You can go back home tomorrow. A. mustnt B. neednt C. must （ ）3. The desk is not dirty. You _clean it.A. mustntB. shouldntC. neednt C. cant（ ）4. May I watch TV for a while？No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont（ ）5.Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? No, it _be her. She_ to Japan.A. mustnt; has gone B. mustnt ;has been C. cant ;has gone D. cant ;has been（ ）6. Its the library! So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.A. canB. mustC. needD. may（ ）7. Boys and girls, dont forget your report . It _ today. A. cant finish B. cant be finished C. should finish D. should be finished（ ）8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. No, he _ ,because he didnt know my address.A. couldntB. cantC. mustntD. may not（ ）9. Must I mop up the window now? No, you_.A. needntB. cantC. shouldntD. mustnt（ ）10. Is Lucy knocking at the door?No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.A. neednt B. must C. cant（ ）11. Another cup of coffee?No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me.A. can B. may C. must D. might（ ）12. Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt（ ）13. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous.A. dont B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt（ ）14. Must I finish watering the flowers now?No, you_.A. must B. wont C. neednt D. cant（ ）15. I cant give up smoking, doctor.For your health, Im afraid you _.A. may B. can C. have to D. must（ ）16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would （ ）17. Our class won the English speaking contest.Congratulations! You _ be very proud of it.A. can B. need C. would D. must（ ）18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?Im not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. can B. may C. need D. shall （ ）19. _I borrow these magazines?Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need （ ）20. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its dangerous.A. dont B. neednt C. mustnt D. wouldnt 7典型例題例1答案 C 分析：表示否定的猜測(cè)用cant 。must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“一定”，只能用于肯定句，而must的否定must not（mustnt）表示“不應(yīng)該”、“不許可”、“不準(zhǔn)”、“禁止”等。例2答案 C 分析：在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，否定式常用need not (= neednt)，表示“不必”，而不用must not，因?yàn)閙ust not表示“不可以”。例3答案 D 分析：本題第一句是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的允許，需要用May，其否定式為mustnt。例4答案A。對(duì)于以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must提問的疑