初中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)(時態(tài))

鍵入文字 周末英語輔導(dǎo)專用資料 2017.11.18鍵入文字初中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)（一般過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、被動語態(tài)）一、知識再現(xiàn)：一般過去時1、概念：（1）一般過去時表示_發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, _, in 2013, _等。如：I _(get) up at 6:00 this morning.（2）一般過去時也表示_發(fā)生的動作，常和_、_等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。如：My father often _(go) to work by bus two years ago.2、句式： （1）動詞be的一般過去時waswere肯定式It was sunny yesterday.We were in the library just now.否定式It _ sunny yesterday.We _ in the library just now.疑問式_ it sunny yesterday?Yes, it _./No, it _._you in the library just now?Yes, we _./ No, we _How _ the weather yesterday?Where _ you just now?（2）動詞do的一般過去時（以work為例）肯定式：He _(work) in that factory last year.否定式：He _(not work) in that factory last year.疑問式：a. _ he _(work) in that factory last year? Yes, he _./ No, he _.b. When _ he _ (work) in that factory?（3）There be 句型的一般過去時A. There was肯定式：There _(be) a bird in the tree a moment ago.否定式：There _(be) a bird in the tree a moment ago.疑問式：a. _(be) there a bird in the tree a moment ago? Yes, there _./No, there _. b. What _(be) in the tree a moment ago?B. There were肯定式：There _(be) some shops in the street last year.否定式：There _(be) _ shops in the street last year.疑問式：a. _(be) there _ shops in the street last year? Yes, there _./No, there _. b. How many shops _(be) there in the street last year?3、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成（1）規(guī)則動詞的過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過去式讀音一般在動詞原形末尾加_.watchvisit清輔音后面讀作 ，濁輔音、元音后面讀作 ，t、d后面讀作 。結(jié)尾是e的動詞加_loveuse末尾只有一個_ 的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫它，再加_shopplan以_加y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變_ 為_, 再加_studytry（2）不規(guī)則動詞的過去式（九年級課本第171頁不規(guī)則動詞表涵蓋了初中階段所學(xué)過的不規(guī)則動詞，同學(xué)們要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)）。請寫出下列動詞的過去式：have -_ go-_ see-_ buy-_ take-_sing-_ write-_ wear-_ come-_ find-_（二）用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Tom _(have) a great time on the school trip. He _(go) to Blue Water Aquarium for the day. First he _(visit) the Visitors Center and _(watch) a movie about sharks. Then he _(see) a big octopus. After lunch, they _(buy) lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, he _(take) the bus back to school. 二、知識再現(xiàn)：一般現(xiàn)在時1、概念：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示_的狀態(tài)。如：She _(be) twelve. They_(be) at home.（2）一般現(xiàn)在時也表示_或_的動作，常和always、usually、_、_、today、in the morning、every day,once a week 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。如：My father often _(go) to work by bus every day.（3）一般現(xiàn)在時還表示主語具備的_等。如：She _(like)apples. They _(know) English.2、句式： （1）動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時amisare肯定式I am a student.He is twelve.They are at home.否定式I _ a student.He _ twelve.They _ at home.疑問式_you a student?Yes,_./No,_._he twelve?Yes,_./No,_._they at home?Yes,_./No,_.What _you do?How _ is he?_ are they? （2）動詞do 的一般現(xiàn)在時(以like為例)第一、二人稱，三人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)肯定式They like apples.He likes apples.否定式They _(not like) apples.He _( not like) apples.疑問式_they _ (like) apples?Yes,_./No,_._he _ (like) apples?Yes,_./No,_.What _they _(like)?What _he _(like)?注意：當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞形式有下列幾種變化：1、 大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“_”，在清輔音后發(fā)音為s，如： help_, like_ 在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z, 如：swim_ , play_ 2、以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“_”，發(fā)音為iz 。如： teach_, watch_ 3、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將_變?yōu)開，然后在加“_”,讀iz。 如：study_, carry_ 4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動詞，加“_”，讀z 如： 如：go_ do_5、特殊變化的有：have _（二）用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Toms home _(be) about 10 kilometers from school. He _(get) up at 6:00 every day, _(shower) and _(have) a quick breakfast. Then he _(leave) for school at around 6:30. First, he _(ride) his bike to the bus station. Then the early bus _(take) him to school. 三、知識再現(xiàn)：一般將來時1、概念：一般將來時表示_某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, _week, _ _year, in_等。 如：We _ (come) to see you later on.2、句式：肯定式: People _(use) money in 100 years.否定式: People _ (use) money in 100 years.疑問式: _ people_ (use) money in 100 years? Yes, they _ /No, they _. What _ people _(use) in 100 years？3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時也可以用來表示按_或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，有“意圖” 或“_”等含義。 如：-What_ you _(do) for vacation? -Im _ (visit) my friend in Hong Kong.4、“_ _ _+動詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。 如：I _ _ _ study computer science in the future.四、知識再現(xiàn)：現(xiàn)在完成時一 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done) 二句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用. for+時段since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來）since+時段+agosince+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義: * 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。* for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用 2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六過去分詞 1 、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則： (1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2、不規(guī)則見課本后附表。（二）用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空In ten years, I think I_ (be) a reporter. I _(live) in Shanghai. I think I _(meet) lots of interesting people. I _(have) many different pets. I _ (play) tennis every day.I I think I _(go) to Hong Kong on vacation._【綜合應(yīng)用】 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：My aunt Maria is an actress. She _(be) thirty-five years old now. She often _(appear) on the stage as a young girl. Maria _(take) part in a new play next week. She _(be) a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she _(wear) short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress，she _(look) very beautiful. If someone _(ask) her how old she is, she always answers, “Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! ”Since five years ago,She_(perform) more than 30performances.She_(be)famous for several years.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 (人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的) 1)一般現(xiàn)在時： am/is are+P.P. 2) 一般過去時： was/were+P.P. 3) 情態(tài)動詞： can/must/should+P.P. 4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：_am/is/are+being+P.P._5)一般將來時：_will+be+P.P._6)現(xiàn)在完成時：_have(has)+P.P._特殊情況：1.make sb do sth變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)應(yīng)該為：sb +be+made+to do sth 2.感官動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，應(yīng)該為：sb+be+heard/seen/watched+ to do sth【被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)】( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7 -Id liy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. i