Unit3Languageinuse..pptx

Unit3Languageinuse,Module8Myfuturelife,第一PPT模板網(wǎng)-WWW.1PPT.COM,Iknowthatyouwillbebetteratmaths.TheserosesaretothankthreegroupsofpeopleforthethreemostimportantthingsthatIhavelearnt.Igivethewhiterosetomyteachers,whohavetaughtmethatthereisnosuccesswithouteffort.Imsurethatyouallhaveyourownmemoriesaboutthehappinessofthelastthreeyears,andthepeoplewhomyouwanttothankforit.,Readthesesentencesandthinkabouttheirstructures.,AttributiveClause,ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.,ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.,ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.,Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.,JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.,which指物，作賓語(yǔ),that指物，作主語(yǔ),whose指人，作定語(yǔ),whom指人，作賓語(yǔ),who指人，作主語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句在句中作定語(yǔ),用來修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞,這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞,而定語(yǔ)從句位于先行詞的后面。用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)。,PPT模板：,關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,指代先行詞,并在從句中作一定成分,如作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose。,that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),既可以指人,也可以指物,在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Heisapersonthatdoeswhathesays.(person是先行詞,that在從句中作主語(yǔ))他是一個(gè)說話算數(shù)的人。ThecatthatIboughtyesterdayisill.(cat是先行詞,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))我昨天買的那只貓病了。,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能指人,在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Afriendwhohelpsyouwhenyouhavetroubleisarealfriend.(friend是先行詞,who在從句中作主語(yǔ))在你有困難時(shí)幫助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。,whom也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)可以和who互換,但介詞后只能用whom,不能用who。Heisthemanwho/whomIhavebeenlookingfor.=HeisthemanforwhomIhavebeenlooking.他就是我一直在找的人。,which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能指物,在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Iwanttotakeawaythebookwhichyoushowedmeyesterday.(book是先行詞,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ))我想帶走你昨天給我看的那本書。,注意:在由that,who和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí),都不可以省略；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),都可以省略。介詞后面只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。,Therearelotsofthings(that)Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.,Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatissingingintheclassroom?,Thisisthebiggestfish(that)Ihaveeverseen.,Fingerfoodisthefood_,whichweeatwithourfingers,Ahandbagisasmallbag_,whichwomenusetocarrytheirthings,School-leaversareyoungpeople_,whoareleavingschool,Completethesentencesusingwhich,that,whoorwhom.,1,Aclassmateissomeone_,whoisinthesameclassasme,Afriendissomeone_,Itrust,Astrangerissomeone_,whomIdontknow,Howdoyouknowthatthepartyisinternational?Whyarethepeoplecheering?Whatdoyouthinkthepersonmakingaspeechissaying?,Lookatthepictureandthemenu.Discussthequestions.,2,Howdoyouknowthatthepartyisinternational?Whyarethepeoplecheering?Whatdoyouthinkthepersonmakingaspeechissaying?,Ithinkthepartyisinternationalbecausethefoodisinternational.,Ithinkthepeoplearecheeringbecausetheyarehappyaboutwhatthespeakerissaying.,Ithinkthespeakerissayingthatnowthespeechisoveranditistimetoeat!,Theboy_(who/which/where)Italkedwithjustnowisoneofmybestfriends.2.Thisisthedictionary_(who/which/what/whose)Mumgavemeformybirthday.3.Thebook_(where/that/whose)pagesarebrokenisstillonthefloor.4.WeknowJackieChan_(who/which/whose)isaveryfamousmoviestar.5.ProjectHopeisonlyoneoftheprogrammes_(where/who/that)wassetuptohelpthosepoorchildren.,Fillintheblankswiththecorrectwords.,who,which,whose,who,that,根據(jù)句意,用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空。Heistheman_isreadytohelpothers.2.Thegirl_Ispoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thedress_youboughtinthecitymallismadeofsilk.4.Billlikesmusic_hecansingalongwith.,that/who,that/who/whom,that/which,that/which,5.Thisisthevillage_Iusedtolivein.6.Womenalwayslikebuyingmanythings_theydontneedatall.7.Imstudyingasubject_Iamveryinterestedin.8.Thegirlwith_Iwentshoppingyesterdayismycousin.,that/which,that/which,that/which,whom,注意:關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.,b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.,d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that。例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which。例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.,單項(xiàng)選擇1.Ilikemusic_greatlyrics.A.thathaveB.thathasC.whohaveD.whohas2.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons_theysawthereafewdaysago.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what,B,C,3.Thisisthehighestbuilding_Iveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where4.Ireallydidntknowanything_happenedtoJimyesterday.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.that,B,D,5.-Whoistheman_isstandingoverthere?-Oh,heismymathteacher.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which6.Thebuilding_isoveronehundredyearsoldisveryfamoushere.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.where,C,A,Objectclause,一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念,賓語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句，在句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。eg:WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.,二、賓語(yǔ)從句三要素,引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài),三、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞有：(1)連詞that(在口語(yǔ)中that?？墒÷裕?。如：Heknows(that)Jimwillworkhard.在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于連詞that只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中?？墒÷?。然而，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that則不能省略。,1).從句的主語(yǔ)是that。如：Hesaysthatthatisarealkingshat.他說那是一個(gè)真的王冠。,2).that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如：Imafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.3).主、從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplaysinancienttimes.卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。,4).若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可以省略。如：Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。,that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以使用任意符合句意要求的時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hesays(that)theyhavereturnedalready他說他們已經(jīng)回來了。Hetellsmethathewasbornin1985.他告訴我他生于1985年。,時(shí)態(tài)問題,如果主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。如：Hesaid(that)heboughtanewdictionary他說他買了本新詞典。IknewtheywerestudyingEnglish我知道他們正在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。,如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句、格言、諺語(yǔ)等等，盡管主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播得快。Hesaidthattimeislife.他說時(shí)間就是生命。,(2)連接代詞who,whom,which等，如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?(3)連接副詞when,where,how,why等。如：Couldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?,(4)由if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語(yǔ)中，whether比較正式。如：,Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.米莉問他是否喜歡這件羊毛衫。Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.漁民想知道天是否會(huì)下雨。,.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意賓語(yǔ)從句三要素，即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。由于if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?,其次要注意時(shí)態(tài)變化：1).若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。,2).若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用跟過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)為過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。如：Didthetrainleave?Shedidntknow.Shedidntknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.,.if和whether的區(qū)別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1).賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.這是否對(duì)，我不能說。,2).賓語(yǔ)從句與ornot直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不能用if。如：Idontknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.我不知道他明天是否來。,3).與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether。如：ShecantdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.她不能決定是否去美國(guó)。4).從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。,5).賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用if，不能用whether。如：Tomwantstoknowifhewontcomeheretomorrow.湯姆想知道他明天是否不來這兒。,6).if意為“假如，如果”時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而whether沒有這個(gè)用法。如：IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,Illcallyou.假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。,1.UncleWangcameuptosee_therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.,if/whether,2.Idontknow_togoorstay.3._thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?,whether,If,4._theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.,Whether,Completethesentenceswithif/whether.,1.賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Idontknowwhenwillheleave.(誤)Idontknowwhen_leave.(正),he,will,2.賓語(yǔ)從句一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去式時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)，但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規(guī)律，其謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：(注意下列句子中從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序),注意事項(xiàng),Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.Myfathertoldmethattheearth_(go)roundthesun.,goes,3.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外，當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，后面若接附加疑問句(即反意疑問句)，那么附加疑問句應(yīng)疑問在從句上，其他人稱疑問在主句上，如：Idontthinkhelookslikehisfather,_?Theythinkhelookslikehisfather,_?WesupposeLucyhasbeentoDalian,_?,doeshe,dontthey,hasntshe,4.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)也是賓語(yǔ)從句，直接引語(yǔ)是引述別人的原話，放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，不用連詞聯(lián)接（如,Shesaid,“Imastudent.”）；間接引語(yǔ)是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接（如,Shesaidthatsheisthirteen）。直接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句可變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。,(1)陳述句變?yōu)橐詔hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：Hesaid,“Imhappy.”Hesaid_he_happy.,that,was,(2)一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Heaskedme,“DoeshisfatherknowMr.Green?”Heaskedme_hisfather_Mr.Green.,if,knew,Completethepassagewiththeclausesinthebox.,Answers:1.a2.e3.b4.c5.d,3,1.WheredidSallyworklastyear?Doyouknow?_2.Whendidhebuythenicecar?Canyoutellme?_3.Wheredoesshelive?Idontknow._4.Whatdidyousayjustnow?IaskedJim._5.Whenwillhecomebackhome?Pleasetellme._,Jointhesentences.,DoyouknowwhereSallyworkedlastyear?,Canyoutellmewhenheboughtthenicecar?,Idontknowwhereshelives.,IaskedJimwhathesaidjustthen.,Pleasetellmewhenhewillcomebackhome.,賓語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于賓語(yǔ)，只是以一個(gè)句子的形式出現(xiàn)；而定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾名詞或代詞。賓語(yǔ)從句是做賓語(yǔ)的，一般是在動(dòng)詞或者介詞后面；定語(yǔ)從句放在名詞或代詞的后面。,中考鏈接,()1.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_?Itwillleaveat4:00p.m.(2011鹽城)A.howwillyougoShanghaiB.howyouwillgotoShanghaiC.whenwillthebusleaveforShanghaiD.whenthebuswillleaveforShanghai,D,()2.Idontknowthegirlinred.Couldyoutellme_?(2011湖北黃石)A.whatishernameB.howoldissheC.whoissheD.whereshecomesfrom,D,()3.Doyouknowthekidwith_Bobistalkingoverthere?Yes,itsmycousin.(2011湖北黃石)A.whoB.thatC.不填D.whom,D,()4.-Canyoutellme_itisfromhometoschool?-Sure.Itsaboutthreekilometers.(2011襄陽(yáng))A.howmuchB.howlongC.howfarD.howsoon,C,()5.-Doyouknowtheman_isreadingthebookoverthere?-Yes,hesMr.Green,ourPEteacher.(2011襄陽(yáng))A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who,D,()6.Thepeople_helpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.(2011四川德陽(yáng))A.whichB.whomC.who,C,()7.Couldyoutellme_theparty?NextFriday.(2011廣西柳州)A.wherewearegoingtohaveB.whenwearegoingtohaveC.whenweweregoingtohave,B,()8.Idontknowifshetomybirthdaypartytomorrow.Ifshe,Illbeveryhappy.(2011湖南益陽(yáng))A.comes;comesB.willcome;comesC.comes;willcome,B,()9.Haveyoufinishedthebook_youborrowedfromthelibrary?(2011四川廣元)A.whichB.itC.what,A,()10.Mary,couldyoutellmeifyourmother_ourschoolsportsmeetingtomorrow?Ithinkshewillcometoschoolifshe_free.(2011山東濱州)A.willtakepartin;willbeB.takespartin;isC.willtakepartin;isD.takespartin;willbe,C,()11.Tomwantstoknowifyouwillhaveapicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit_,wellplaychessinstead.(2011山東泰安)A.willrainB.rainedC.israiningD.rains,D,()12.Wheredidyougolastweek?IwenttoZhangAipingshometownandvisitedthehousehewasbornin.(2011四川達(dá)州)A.thatB.thereC.whoD.whose,A,()13.IhearthatLilysbrotherisaworkerhere.Look,theman_isworkingoverthereisherbrother.(2011四川資陽(yáng))A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which,A,()14.Haveyougotanyideafort