現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解課件00683.ppt

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),present(now),future,past,domyhomework,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),have(has）+過(guò)去分詞,Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.,John:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleanedthem.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,肯定式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?否定式:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.,例句：,6.Hashegonetothelibrary?他是去了圖書(shū)館嗎？Yes,hehas.是的，是去那里了。No,hehasnt.不，他沒(méi)去那里。7.HowlonghasMrsSmithbeeninBeijing？Smith夫人來(lái)北京多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),-Areyoufree?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。(從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過(guò)頤和園),Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過(guò)汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用(1):1在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,before,just等連用。,a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。,Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）Myteachershaventhadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已經(jīng)給你父母寫(xiě)過(guò)信了嗎？,yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末“還(沒(méi))”,疑問(wèn)句:句末“己經(jīng)”,Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,b）never是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”,WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？,c）just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）,Hehasjustcomeback.他剛剛回來(lái)。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),常與already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,forthelastfewweeksthesedays,sinceforalongtime連用,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,1.for+,Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.,一段時(shí)間,2.since+,從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),單詞,詞組,(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.,since:(自以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.,since,for的用法:,注1):since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.,注2):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)必須用howlong,決不能用when.,Eg.*Ihavelivedherefor10years.,Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?,*Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.,Howlonghasshestoodhere?,短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,leavcome/go(to)arrive(at/in)get(to)reachbuyborrowfinish,beaway(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,beover,joinstart/begindiecloseopenreturnmarrybecome,bein/bea/an,beon,bedead,beclosed,beopen,beback,bemarried,be,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave等。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaventboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasntcomehereforanhour.她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,翻譯練習(xí)：1.我買了這塊手表五年了。2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,W,W,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,havebeen與havegone的用法比較,1.havebeento意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。Eg.HassheeverbeentoNanjing?2.havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。Eg.YouhavebeeninBeijingfor2years.3.havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了Eg.ShehasgonetoNanjing.,與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。,第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。,主菜單,二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí):,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.,但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.,Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.,主菜單,三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;,eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.,Wefinishedourtasklastweek.,主菜單,Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed+since+句子(過(guò)去),Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.,動(dòng)詞填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,選用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空,Mikeandhisparents_thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_theshop._youever_tokunming?Never.Where_you_thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idontknowwherehe_.HiJim!Where_you_?LiLeiislookingforyou.,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe3.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet4.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning,6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round