初中英語語法-句子成分精講個性化教案

個 性 化 教 案教師姓名學生姓名上課時間6.15周天早上9：00學科英語年級初二教材版本人教版課題名稱初中英語語法句子成分精講教學目標1、 知識目標：學生能掌握句子的主要成分、次要成分2、 能力目標：通過本課學習，學生能夠清楚地劃分出句子的各個成分，理解句子結構3、 情感目標：培養(yǎng)學生對英語的興趣，提高學生學習英語的自信心4、 學習策略：學生學會舉一反三、對所學知識能夠及時復習加以鞏固；學生多開口讀，培養(yǎng)語感重、難點重點：謂語、狀語、定語中的前置定語及后置定語難點：賓語補足語、系表結構、狀語教學過程Step1 導入句子：最小的交際單位，能夠獨立地表達人的思想。（與學生談論句子的定義，導入句子成分。）Step2 課堂呈現(xiàn)教師講解1、句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語等。注意：祈使句（省略主語，不言自明）Stand up! Be careful!主語 I study in Yu Cai Middle school.2、兩大核心謂語 He wrote a short note.主要成分：主、謂、賓、系、表次要成分：定、狀、補、同教師講解學生舉例、分析成分；教師點評主語 1、“什么人”、“什么事物”2、句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。3、位置：一般位于句首The school is far from here.名詞做主語He came to knock at the window to ask for help. 代詞做主語Eight is a lucky number. 數(shù)詞做主語The blind need more help.名詞化的形容詞做主語Running is good for your health.動名詞做主語What he did is right.從句作主語謂語賓語1、“做什么”“是什么”“怎么樣”2、由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞來充當謂語動詞。3、句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。4、謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加上主要動詞構成。1、 動作的對象或承受者。2、 及物動詞必須跟賓語。及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞.3、賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構成.4、 雙賓語一般結構：動詞+人（間賓）+物（直賓）5、 復合賓語（賓語+賓語補足語）（賓語補足語：對賓語做出說明）賓語+名詞賓語+形容詞賓語+介詞短語賓語+分詞賓語+動詞不定式6、it形式賓語賓語為動詞不定式、動名詞、從句，賓語用it代替，真正的賓語移至賓補后The phone is ringing. I have nothing but the ten fingers of my hands.He works as a volunteer.I caught a bad cold, and I had a sore throat.I have been working so hard these days for the big exam.We can help each other in learning a foreign language.I saw a plane in the sky just now. This tells us how to eat a balanced diet.You just need three.He decided to buy a new car.I like going shopping.We think predicting the future is hard.雙賓語：He give her some money.(=He give some money to her.)My parents bought me a computer.(=My parents bought a computer for me.)復合賓語：We call him “Uncle Tom”.We must keep our classroom clean.They found themselves on a hill.I heard her singing in the room.I heard her sing in the room.形式賓語I found it easy to ask this question.Do you think it no use talking about it?You can put it that it was arranged before.系動詞1、 與表語構成系表結構，說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等2、 常見系動詞be動詞與感覺有關的動詞：look/sound/smell/taste/feel等表狀態(tài)變化的動詞“變得”“變成”，get/grow/turn/become等All you have to do is to listen.This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.She grew rich within a short time.He became mad after that.表語位置：用于系動詞后；構成系表結構定語1、 定語修飾名詞或代詞(即漢語的)2、 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前即前置,修飾不定代詞時放在后面即后置)多個形容詞修飾一個名詞（口訣：“美小圓舊黃，法國木書房”）3、 數(shù)詞作定語帶有數(shù)字的復合形容詞.用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.4、副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后)5、介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后)They have a clever son.I have something important to tell you.two beautiful big long new green silk evening dressa two-day holiday a three-year-old boyDo you know the young man over there?The students in our class like swimming.狀語1、 修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句2、 用以說明地點, 時間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結果, 條件, 讓步等副詞作狀語介詞短語作狀語不定式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語3、 狀語的位置在一般情況下,用于句末為了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首表頻度的副詞通常用于行為動詞前,be動詞后4、 兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在后較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞 He is playing under the tree. 表地點I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表時間The old man is walking slowly. 表方式The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式He speaks English very well. 表程度As you are in poor health, you should not stay up lateI come here to see you. 表目的I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me. 表結果If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （主將從現(xiàn)）表條件Though I believe it, I must consider. 表讓步狀語位置：We like our school very much.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.I usually get up early.He is often late.多個狀語位置：We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.Mr. Li lives at Xiahe Rd., Xiamen, Fujian.She sang very well at the meeting last night.同位語前項與后項所指相同Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.（寫作文時可使用同位語）輔助練習句子成分分析練習：We are working.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.It was very cold, so that the river froze. I have a lot of clothes to wash.His father left him some money.She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. The girl students of Class Three are singing on the stage.Tom, my son, is