外文翻譯-明通汽車公司辦公樓結(jié)構(gòu)、施工設(shè)計(jì)

DESIGNINGAGAINSTFIREOFBUILDING建筑防火設(shè)計(jì)資料來(lái)源SPECIALSCI2008325設(shè)計(jì)題目明通汽車公司辦公樓結(jié)構(gòu)、施工設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)院名稱土木學(xué)院專業(yè)名稱土木工程班級(jí)名稱土木1043學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師教師職稱教授完成時(shí)間2014年3月12日2014年3月12日DESIGNINGAGAINSTFIREOFBULIDINGJOHNLYNCHABSTRACTTHISPAPERCONSIDERSTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORFIRESAFETYITISFOUNDTHATFIREANDTHEASSOCIATEDEFFECTSONBUILDINGSISSIGNIFICANTLYDIFFERENTTOOTHERFORMSOFLOADINGSUCHASGRAVITYLIVELOADS,WINDANDEARTHQUAKESANDTHEIRRESPECTIVEEFFECTSONTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREFIREEVENTSAREDERIVEDFROMTHEHUMANACTIVITIESWITHINBUILDINGSORFROMTHEMALFUNCTIONOFMECHANICALANDELECTRICALEQUIPMENTPROVIDEDWITHINBUILDINGSTOACHIEVEASERVICEABLEENVIRONMENTITISTHEREFOREPOSSIBLETODIRECTLYINFLUENCETHERATEOFFIRESTARTSWITHINBUILDINGSBYCHANGINGHUMANBEHAVIOUR,IMPROVEDMAINTENANCEANDIMPROVEDDESIGNOFMECHANICALANDELECTRICALSYSTEMSFURTHERMORE,SHOULDAFIREDEVELOPS,ITISPOSSIBLETODIRECTLYINFLUENCETHERESULTINGFIRESEVERITYBYTHEINCORPORATIONOFFIRESAFETYSYSTEMSSUCHASSPRINKLERSANDTOPROVIDEMEASURESWITHINTHEBUILDINGTOENABLESAFEREGRESSFROMTHEBUILDINGTHEABILITYTOINFLUENCETHERATEOFFIRESTARTSANDTHERESULTINGFIRESEVERITYISUNIQUETOTHECONSIDERATIONOFFIREWITHINBUILDINGSSINCEOTHERLOADSSUCHASWINDANDEARTHQUAKESAREDIRECTLYAFUNCTIONOFNATURETHEPOSSIBLEAPPROACHESFORDESIGNINGABUILDINGFORFIRESAFETYAREPRESENTEDUSINGANEXAMPLEOFAMULTISTOREYBUILDINGCONSTRUCTEDOVERARAILWAYLINETHEDESIGNOFBOTHTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURESUPPORTINGTHEBUILDINGOVERTHERAILWAYANDTHELEVELSABOVETHETRANSFERSTRUCTUREARECONSIDEREDINTHECONTEXTOFCURRENTREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSTHEPRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSASSOCIATEDWITHVARIOUSAPPROACHESAREDISCUSSED1INTRODUCTIONOTHERPAPERSPRESENTEDINTHISSERIESCONSIDERTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORGRAVITYLOADS,WINDANDEARTHQUAKESTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSAGAINSTSUCHLOADEFFECTSISTOALARGEEXTENTCOVEREDBYENGINEERINGBASEDSTANDARDSREFERENCEDBYTHEBUILDINGREGULATIONSTHISISNOTTHECASE,TONEARLYTHESAMEEXTENT,INTHECASEOFFIRERATHER,ITISBUILDINGREGULATIONSSUCHASTHEBUILDINGCODEOFAUSTRALIABCATHATDIRECTLYSPECIFYMOSTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORFIRESAFETYOFBUILDINGSWITHREFERENCEBEINGMADETOSTANDARDSSUCHASAS3600ORAS4100FORMETHODSFORDETERMININGTHEFIRERESISTANCEOFSTRUCTURALELEMENTSTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOCONSIDERTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORFIRESAFETYFROMANENGINEERINGPERSPECTIVEASISCURRENTLYDONEFOROTHERLOADSSUCHASWINDOREARTHQUAKES,WHILSTATTHESAMETIME,PUTTINGSUCHAPPROACHESINTHECONTEXTOFTHECURRENTREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSATTHEOUTSET,ITNEEDSTOBENOTEDTHATDESIGNINGABUILDINGFORFIRESAFETYISFARMORETHANSIMPLYCONSIDERINGTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREANDWHETHERITHASSUFFICIENTSTRUCTURALADEQUACYTHISISBECAUSEFIRESCANHAVEADIRECTINFLUENCEONOCCUPANTSVIASMOKEANDHEATANDCANGROWINSIZEANDSEVERITYUNLIKEOTHEREFFECTSIMPOSEDONTHEBUILDINGNOTWITHSTANDINGTHESECOMMENTS,THEFOCUSOFTHISPAPERWILLBELARGELYONDESIGNISSUESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTURETWOSITUATIONSASSOCIATEDWITHABUILDINGAREUSEDFORTHEPURPOSEOFDISCUSSIONTHEMULTISTOREYOFFICEBUILDINGSHOWNINFIGURE1ISSUPPORTEDBYATRANSFERSTRUCTURETHATSPANSOVERASETOFRAILWAYTRACKSITISASSUMEDTHATAWIDERANGEOFRAILTRAFFICUTILISESTHESETRACKSINCLUDINGFREIGHTANDDIESELLOCOMOTIVESTHEFIRSTSITUATIONTOBECONSIDEREDFROMAFIRESAFETYPERSPECTIVEISTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURETHISISTERMEDSITUATION1ANDTHEKEYQUESTIONSAREWHATLEVELOFFIRERESISTANCEISREQUIREDFORTHISTRANSFERSTRUCTUREANDHOWCANTHISBEDETERMINEDTHISSITUATIONHASBEENCHOSENSINCEITCLEARLYFALLSOUTSIDETHENORMALREGULATORYSCOPEOFMOSTBUILDINGREGULATIONSANENGINEERINGSOLUTION,RATHERTHANAPRESCRIPTIVEONEISREQUIREDTHESECONDFIRESITUATIONTERMEDSITUATION2CORRESPONDSTOAFIREWITHINTHEOFFICELEVELSOFTHEBUILDINGANDISCOVEREDBYBUILDINGREGULATIONSTHISSITUATIONISCHOSENBECAUSEITWILLENABLEADISCUSSIONOFENGINEERINGAPPROACHESANDHOWTHESEINTERFACEWITHTHEBUILDINGREGULATIONSSINCEBOTHENGINEERINGANDPRESCRIPTIVESOLUTIONSAREPOSSIBLE2UNIQUENESSOFFIRE21INTRODUCTIONWINDANDEARTHQUAKESCANBECONSIDEREDTOBE“NATURAL”PHENOMENAOVERWHICHDESIGNERSHAVENOCONTROLEXCEPTPERHAPSTOCHOOSETHELOCATIONOFBUILDINGSMORECAREFULLYONTHEBASISOFHISTORICALRECORDSANDTODESIGNBUILDINGTORESISTSUFFICIENTLYHIGHLOADSORACCELERATIONSFORTHEPARTICULARLOCATIONDEADANDLIVELOADSINBUILDINGSARETHERESULTOFGRAVITYALLOFTHESELOADSAREVARIABLEANDITISPOSSIBLEALTHOUGHGENERALLYUNLIKELYTHATTHELOADSMAYEXCEEDTHERESISTANCEOFTHECRITICALSTRUCTURALMEMBERSRESULTINGINSTRUCTURALFAILURETHENATUREANDINFLUENCEOFFIRESINBUILDINGSAREQUITEDIFFERENTTOTHOSEASSOCIATEDWITHOTHER“LOADS”TOWHICHABUILDINGMAYBESUBJECTEDTOTHEESSENTIALDIFFERENCESAREDESCRIBEDINTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONS22ORIGINOFFIREINMOSTSITUATIONSIGNORINGBUSHFIRES,FIREORIGINATESFROMHUMANACTIVITIESWITHINTHEBUILDINGORTHEMALFUNCTIONOFEQUIPMENTPLACEDWITHINTHEBUILDINGTOPROVIDEASERVICEABLEENVIRONMENTITFOLLOWSTHEREFORETHATITISPOSSIBLETOINFLUENCETHERATEOFFIRESTARTSBYINFLUENCINGHUMANBEHAVIOUR,LIMITINGANDMONITORINGHUMANBEHAVIOURANDIMPROVINGTHEDESIGNOFEQUIPMENTANDITSMAINTENANCETHISISNOTTHECASEFORTHEUSUALLOADSAPPLIEDTOABUILDING23ABILITYTOINFLUENCESINCEWINDANDEARTHQUAKEAREDIRECTLYFUNCTIONSOFNATURE,ITISNOTPOSSIBLETOINFLUENCESUCHEVENTSTOANYEXTENTONEHASTOANTICIPATETHEMANDDESIGNACCORDINGLYITMAYBEPOSSIBLETOINFLUENCETHELEVELOFLIVELOADINABUILDINGBYCONDUCTINGAUDIT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