【doc】煙臺(tái)市3個(gè)區(qū)老年人健身運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況與常見(jiàn)5種慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查

煙臺(tái)市3個(gè)區(qū)老年人健身運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況與常見(jiàn)5種慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查150中國(guó)臨床康復(fù)籌9卷籌24朋20050628出版CHINESEJOURNALOFCLINICALREHABILITATION,JUNE282005VO19NO24煙臺(tái)市3個(gè)區(qū)老年人健身運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況與常見(jiàn)5種慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查史祝梅,王愛(ài)華,李愛(ài)民,楊桂志運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)煙臺(tái)師范學(xué)院體育學(xué)院,山東省煙臺(tái)市264O25通訊作者史祝梅,女,1966年生,山東省棲霞縣人,漢族,1998年北京體育大學(xué)畢業(yè),碩士,副教授,主要從事體質(zhì)調(diào)研與健康教育研究SZM9990L26CON中圖分類號(hào)74905文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼B文章編號(hào)L67L一5926200524015002收稿日期2005O425修回日期200505一】314/XJ/YLEPIDEMIOLOGICALSTUDYONTHESTATUSOFPHYSICALEXERCISESANDFIVECOMMONCHRONICDISEASESAMONGAGEDPEOPLELIVINGINTHREEDISTTICTSOFYANTAICITYSHJZHUMEI,WANGAIHUALJAIRAIN,YANGGUIZHI,SCHOOLOFPHYSICALEDUCATIONYANTAINORMALUNIVERSITY,YANTAI264025,SHANDONGPROVINCE,CHINACORRESPONDENCETOSHJZHUMEIMASTER,ASSOCIATEPROFESSORSCHOOLOFPHYSICALEDUCATION,YANTAINOITNALUNIVERSITY,YANTAI264O25,SHANDONGPROVINCECHINASZM9990L26CONRECELYED2005I425ACCEPTED20050513ABSTRACTAIMTOINVESTIGATETHEPREVALENCESOF5CHRONICDISEASESOFHYPERTENSION,CORONARYHEARTDISEASE,DIABETESMELLITUS,STROKEANDCANCERINAGEDPEOPLE,WHOPARTICIPATEINEXERCISESORNOTMETITODSBETWEENJULYANDAUGUST20041500AGEDRESIDENTSINTHEZHIFU,FUSHANANDLAISHANURBANDISTRICTSOFYANTAICITYWERERANDOMLYSELEETED,ANDWEREINVESTIGATEDWITHTHESELFDESIGENDQUESTIONNAIRE,THECONTENTSCONSISTEDOFPHYSICALEXERCISESSTATUS,THEPREVALENCESOFTHE5CHRONICDISEASESOFHYPERTENSION,CORONARYHEARTDISEASEDIABETESMELLITUS,STROKEANDCANCERTHEDIAGNOSTICSTANDARDSOFCHRONICDISEASESWEREASFOLLOWSACCORDINGTOTHESTANDARDSETBYWHOIN1999THATSYSTOLICPRESSURE140IIII/1HGORDIASTOLICPRESSURE90MMHG1MMHGO133KPATHOSEWITHHISTORYOFHYPERTENSIONANDTOOKDRUGSFORDECREASINGBLOODPRESSUREWITHINTWOWEEKSWEREDIAGNOSEDTOHAVEHYPERTENSIONOTHERDISEASESWEREAECORDINGTOTHEDIAGNOSISOFHOSPITALOFCOUNTYANDABOVEHAVINGONEANDMORECHRONICDISEASESWASTAKENASAPATIENTPHYSICALEXERCISESSTATUSINCLUDEDTHEAGEOFSTARTINGTODOEXERCISES,MAINEXERCISEWAY,FREQUENCYANDDURATIONEXERCISESFREQUENCYWASDIVIDEDINTOOCCASIONALLYANDIRREGULARLY,1TO3TIMESEVERYWEEK,MORETHAN3TIMESEVERYWEEKDURATIONWASDIVIDEDINTOLESSTHAN20MINUTES,20TO30MINUTES,MORETHAN30MINUTESALLTHESUBJECTSWEREDIVIDEDINTOEXERCISEGROUPDOINGEXERCISEATLEASTONCEEVERYWEEKANDHADLASTEDFOR5YEARSANDMOREANDNONEXERCISEGROUPWITHOUTEXERCISEHISTORYORDOINGEXERCISEOCCASIONALLYRESULTSTOTALLY1500QUESTIONNAIRESWERESENTOUT,1428QUALIFIEDONESWERECOLLECTEDBACKANDTHEEFFEETIVERATEWAS952OTHEREWERE1OL3AND4L5CASESINTHEEXERCISEGROUPANDNONEXERCISEGROUPRESPECFIVELYTHEPARTICIPATINGRATEOFREGULAREXERCISEWAS7094LOL3/1428AT0TA】0F6O2CASESSUFFEREDFROM0NEORM0REOFTHE5CHRONICDISEASESANDTHETOTALPREVALENCERATEWAS4216F602/L428THETOTALPREVALENCERATEOF5CHRONICDISEASESWAS4156F42L/LOL3INTHEEXERCISEGROUPAND436181/4L5INTHENONEXERCISEGROUPANDTHEREWASNODIFFERENCEBETWEENTHETWOGROUPSTHEPREVALENCERATEOFHYPERTENSIONWASSIGNIFICANTLYLOWERINTHEEXERCISEGROUPTHANINTHENONEXERCISEGROUP2932,3470,399,P005,BUTTHERATESOFCORONARYHEARTDISEASE,DIABETESMELLITUS,STROKEANDCANCERWERECLOSETHENUMBEROF5HIZ,WANGALL,LIAM,YANQGZEPIDEMIOLOGICALSLUDVONTHESTATUSOFPHYSICALEXERCISESANDFIVECOMMONCHRONICDISEASESAMONGAGEDPEOPLELIVINGIN3DISTRIALSOFYANFAICITY2O,UOLINCHUAK田2005924150一LLCHINAL史祝梅王愛(ài)華,李愛(ài)民,楊桂志煙臺(tái)市3個(gè)區(qū)老年人健身運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況與常見(jiàn)5種慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查ULL中國(guó)臨床康復(fù),2005,92415011WWWZGLCLDCAML摘要目的了解參加健身運(yùn)動(dòng)老年人高血壓,冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤等5種慢性疾病的患病情況,方法采用隨機(jī)抽樣的現(xiàn)況調(diào)查方法,于200407/08隨機(jī)抽取煙臺(tái)市芝罘區(qū),福山區(qū),萊山區(qū)的老年居民1500人作為調(diào)查對(duì)象采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的統(tǒng)一調(diào)查問(wèn)卷對(duì)老年居民進(jìn)行調(diào)查,問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容包括運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,高血壓,冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤等5種慢性疾病患病情況慢性疾病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高血壓以1999年WH0的定義和分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將收縮壓140MMHG或舒張壓90MMHG1MMHGO133KPA以及有高血壓病史且近兩周內(nèi)服降壓藥者均列為患高血壓其他疾病均以縣級(jí)及以上醫(yī)院的診斷為準(zhǔn)患1種及以上慢性病視為患病運(yùn)動(dòng)情況包括開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡,主要運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率及每次運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間等運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率分為偶爾運(yùn)動(dòng)且無(wú)規(guī)律,每周運(yùn)動(dòng)L3次,每周運(yùn)動(dòng)3次以上每次運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間分為20MIN,2030MIN,30MIN將所調(diào)查人群分為運(yùn)動(dòng)組和非運(yùn)動(dòng)組,其中既往無(wú)運(yùn)動(dòng)史或偶爾運(yùn)動(dòng)且無(wú)規(guī)律為非運(yùn)動(dòng)組每周運(yùn)動(dòng)13次或每周運(yùn)動(dòng)3次以上,持續(xù)5年以上者為運(yùn)動(dòng)組結(jié)果發(fā)出調(diào)查表1500份,收回合格問(wèn)卷1428份,有效率9520運(yùn)動(dòng)組1013人,非運(yùn)動(dòng)組415人,有規(guī)律健身運(yùn)動(dòng)參與率70941013/14285種慢性疾病總患病人數(shù)602人,總患病率4216602/1428運(yùn)動(dòng)組5種慢性疾病的總患病率為4156421/1013,非運(yùn)動(dòng)組為436181/415兩組無(wú)差異其中高血壓的患病率運(yùn)動(dòng)組顯著低于非運(yùn)動(dòng)組2932,3470,G399,P005,而兩組冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤4種慢性病的患病率相近隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),參與健身的人數(shù)逐漸增加,3O歲前僅有75076/1013的人開(kāi)始參與健身運(yùn)動(dòng),79O7801/1O13的人是在4O歲以后才參與健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的,3574362/1O13的人是在6O歲后開(kāi)始參與健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的參與健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡越晚,慢性疾病患病率越高28954807,L685P001每周運(yùn)動(dòng)13次的人群慢性疾病患病率顯著高于每周運(yùn)動(dòng)3次以上者477O,3555,L541P001每次運(yùn)動(dòng)20MIN者患病率最高達(dá)538O而每次運(yùn)動(dòng)2O30MIN與每次運(yùn)動(dòng)30MIN間無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異O53P005多數(shù)老年人選擇了步行和傳統(tǒng)體育類項(xiàng)目但不同運(yùn)動(dòng)方式間的患病率無(wú)差異結(jié)論開(kāi)始健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡影響老年個(gè)體慢性疾病的患病情況有較高頻率的運(yùn)動(dòng)者可在一定程度上降低老年期慢性疾病的發(fā)生5種慢性疾病中,高血壓的患病與個(gè)體的運(yùn)動(dòng)行為有關(guān)主題詞體育運(yùn)動(dòng)慢性病老年人0引言目前,高血壓,冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤等5種慢性病已經(jīng)成為威脅中老年人健康和生命的常見(jiàn)病【”經(jīng)常參加健身運(yùn)動(dòng)能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),提高機(jī)體免疫力,是預(yù)防多種慢性病的重要措施但健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量,持續(xù)時(shí)間等與慢性病的關(guān)系還有待進(jìn)一步明確為此作者對(duì)煙臺(tái)市6070歲老年人進(jìn)行了抽樣調(diào)查,旨在深人了解老年人的健身運(yùn)動(dòng)及其5種慢性病的患病情況1對(duì)象和方法設(shè)計(jì)隨機(jī)抽樣的現(xiàn)況調(diào)查單位煙臺(tái)師范學(xué)院體育學(xué)院對(duì)象于200407/08隨機(jī)抽取煙臺(tái)市芝罘區(qū),福山區(qū),萊山區(qū)的老年居民1500人作為調(diào)查對(duì)象納人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年齡6070歲在煙臺(tái)市區(qū)居住5年以上知一一一一一一一一一一一一ISSN16715926CN211470/R中桶簍煙臺(tái)市3個(gè)區(qū)老年人健身運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況與常見(jiàn)5“L,LL】2礎(chǔ)FCOM3385083IRCOM一種慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查情同意排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)卷填寫(xiě)不完整或前后矛盾者設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)施,評(píng)估者設(shè)計(jì)并具體實(shí)施為第一作者,評(píng)估第二,三,四作者未使廂盲法評(píng)估方法采用白行設(shè)計(jì)的統(tǒng)一調(diào)查問(wèn)卷對(duì)老年居民進(jìn)行調(diào)查,問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容包括一般情況姓名,性別,年齡,5種慢性病患病情況及運(yùn)動(dòng)情況5種慢性病包括高血壓,冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤慢性病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高血壓以1999年WHO的定義和分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將收縮壓140MMHG或舒張壓90MMHG1MMHG0,133KPA以及有高血壓病史且近兩周內(nèi)服降壓藥者均列為患高血壓其他疾病均以縣級(jí)及以上醫(yī)院的診斷為準(zhǔn)患1種及以上慢性病視為患病運(yùn)動(dòng)情況包括開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡,主要運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率及每次運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)問(wèn)等主要運(yùn)動(dòng)方式包括步行,慢跑或跑步,傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目,球類及其他運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率包括偶爾運(yùn)動(dòng)且無(wú)規(guī)律,每周運(yùn)動(dòng)13次,每周運(yùn)動(dòng)3次以上每次運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間20RAIN,2030MIN,30MIN將所調(diào)查人群分為運(yùn)動(dòng)組和非運(yùn)動(dòng)組,其中既往無(wú)運(yùn)動(dòng)史或偶爾運(yùn)動(dòng)且無(wú)規(guī)律為非運(yùn)動(dòng)組每周運(yùn)動(dòng)13次或每周運(yùn)動(dòng)3次以上且持續(xù)5年以上者為運(yùn)動(dòng)組主要觀察指標(biāo)15種慢性病的患病率運(yùn)動(dòng)情況及不同運(yùn)動(dòng)情況下的患病率的調(diào)查,運(yùn)動(dòng)情況包括開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡,主要運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率及每次運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析第一作者用SPSS120進(jìn)行分析處理,數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果以率表示,率的比較采用檢驗(yàn)2結(jié)果21描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)211參與者數(shù)量分析發(fā)出調(diào)查表1500份,收回合格問(wèn)卷1428份,有效率9520212參與者一般情況共納入1428人,男7L8人,女710人平均年齡64_2歲運(yùn)動(dòng)組1013人,非運(yùn)動(dòng)組415人,有規(guī)律健身運(yùn)動(dòng)參與率70941013/14285種慢性病總患病人數(shù)602人總患病率4216602/142822統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷221運(yùn)動(dòng)組與非運(yùn)動(dòng)組5種慢性病患病情況見(jiàn)表1表1運(yùn)動(dòng)組與非運(yùn)動(dòng)組5種慢性病患病情況N/222各項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)指標(biāo)與慢性病患病情況見(jiàn)表23討論慢性病的產(chǎn)生是多種危險(xiǎn)因素綜合作用的結(jié)果15121,除了與年齡,家族史等危險(xiǎn)因素有關(guān)外,還與肥胖,缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)和吸煙等因素有關(guān)最近一些流行病學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,有規(guī)律的體力活動(dòng)健身運(yùn)動(dòng)與其發(fā)病呈負(fù)性相關(guān)4】,本次調(diào)查也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)本次調(diào)查僅發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓的患病率運(yùn)動(dòng)組顯著低于非運(yùn)動(dòng)組,而冠心病,糖尿病,腦卒中,惡性腫瘤4種慢性病的患病率運(yùn)動(dòng)組與非運(yùn)動(dòng)組均無(wú)顯著性差異這可能與本次研究為現(xiàn)況調(diào)查有關(guān),部分慢性病患者患病后改變了生活方式和習(xí)慣,本次調(diào)查的運(yùn)動(dòng)組中有2695的人是在患有某種慢性病后才加入健身運(yùn)動(dòng)行列的開(kāi)始健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的年齡越早,慢性病的患病率越低而本次調(diào)查中5972的人是在