詞法--小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞練習(xí)題冠詞

1、詞法-小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞練習(xí)題冠詞 冠詞 重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解 （一）概說(shuō) 1冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分，只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上，幫助說(shuō)明其詞義。英語(yǔ)中有兩個(gè)冠詞： 1）定冠詞the 2）不定冠詞a/an 定冠詞the通常讀作，在元音前讀作i，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作i:。 不定冠詞在元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前用an這個(gè)形式，讀作n；在其他情況下則使用a，讀作。 2冠詞的基本意義 不定冠詞a/an與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個(gè)”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 例如： she is a nurse. 她是個(gè)護(hù)士。 he is an englishman, with an irish wife. 他是一位英國(guó)人

2、，有一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭妻子。 定冠詞the，與this同源，有“這（那）個(gè)”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個(gè)特定的人或東西，有時(shí)可譯作“這個(gè)（些）”或“那個(gè)（些）”。 例如： thats the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書。 whos the young man over there? 那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰(shuí)？ 但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。 例如： put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 shut the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上。 3特指和泛指 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請(qǐng)比較下面的句子： a gentleman

3、is asking to see you. 有位先生要求見(jiàn)你。（泛指） ask the gentleman to come in. 請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來(lái)。（特指） 在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時(shí)則有三種情況： 1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。 例如： she sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片。 2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可使用some, any這類詞。 例如： these are new words. 這些是生詞。 she sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花。 3）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時(shí)也可加some, any等。 例如： its

4、lovely weather. 天氣真好。 do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎？ give us some help. 給我們一些幫助。 （二）不定冠詞的基本用法 1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一”） 例如： his father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生。 2代表某一類人或事物，相當(dāng)于any（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”，但必須用a，表示類別） 例如： a horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。 3指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”） 例如：

5、 this book was written by a worker. 這本書是一位工人寫的。 4表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈（一般譯為“一”） 例如： wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示單位，相當(dāng)于“每”的意思 例如： we have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐。 6用于某此固定詞組中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠詞的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： give me the book. 把那本書給我。 2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物 例如： wher

6、e is the doctor? 醫(yī)生在哪兒？ 3再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或事物 例如： i bought a dictionary yesterday. the dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 例如： the earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太陽(yáng)小。 5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前 例如： mr wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課。 of all the stars

7、the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太陽(yáng)離地球最近。 6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物 例如：the horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。 7與下列專有名詞連用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前 例如： the changjiang river, the great lake 2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人 例如： the greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。 8和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人 例如： th

8、e old 老人 the young 年輕人 the rich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9在一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠詞的幾種情況 1在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前 例如： have you ever been to shanghai? 你到過(guò)上海嗎？ we love science. 我們愛(ài)好科學(xué)。 2在表示一

9、類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 例如： girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。 3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前 例如： it is hot in summer. 夏天天氣熱。 its tuesday, august the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 have you had breakfast? 你吃過(guò)早飯沒(méi)有？ 4稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前 例如： whats the matter with you, mike? 怎么啦，邁克？ he is headmaster of our school. 他是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。 5學(xué)科和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前

10、例如： we study english. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 do you like to play football? 你喜歡踢足球嗎？ 6名詞前已有用作定語(yǔ)的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞 例如： that is her bike.那是她的自行車。 each student in his class studies hard. 這個(gè)班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。 7在某些固定詞組的名詞前 例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in to

11、wn, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。 三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)a組 i. 在下列句子的空格中填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. this is _ old map. it is _ useful map. 2. we have no classes in _ afternoon on _ saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. beijing is _ capital of _ china. it is _ beautiful city. 5.

12、roman was not built in _ day. 6. chinese is quite _ difficult language for mike. 7. many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. there is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was mr. blacks. 10. which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ eart

13、h? 11. - which picture is more beautiful? - _one on _ left, i think. 12. - which is _ way to _ hospital? - go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. joe hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. when was _ peoples

14、republic of china founded? 17. in china _ first english textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. after _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ huanghe river lies in _ north of china. 20. he likes playing _ football. his sister likes playing _ piano. ii. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. 上學(xué) a. go to

15、 school b. go to the school c. go to a school 2. 住院 a, in the hospital b. in a hospital c. in hospital 3. 此刻 a. at the moment b. at a moment c. at moment 4. 在課堂上 a. in class b. in a class c. in the class 5. 在地球上 a. on earth b. on an earth c. on the earth 6. 步行 a. on foot b. on the foot c. on feet 7.

16、 吃飯 a. at a table b. at the table c. at table 8. 乘公共汽車a. take bus b. by bus c. by the bus 9. 在家 a. at the home b. at a home c. at home 10. 在工作 a. at work b. at the work c. at works 11. 跳高 a. jump high b. high jump c. the high jump 12. 坐飛機(jī) a. by air b. by the air c. on air13. 乘火車 a. by the train b. b

17、y train c. on train 14. 在校學(xué)習(xí) a. in the school b. in school c. in schools 15. 睡覺(jué) a. go to bed b. go to the bed c. go to a bed 16. 感冒 a. have a cold b. have the cold c. have cold 17. 乘船 a. by ship b. on ship c. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快a. have good times b. have a good time c. have good times 19. 事實(shí)上 a. in t

18、he fact b. in facts c. in fact 21. 從早到晚a. from morning to the evening b. from morning to evening c. from a morning to an evening 四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)b組 iii. 選擇填空： 1. there is _ old woman in the car. a. / b. the c. a d. an 2. shanghai is in _ east of china. a. / b. an c. the d. a 3. bill is _ english teacher. he l

19、ikes playing _ football. a. a, the b. an, the c. a, / d. /, / 4. the museum is quite far. it will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. a. an, / b. an, a c. a, / d. /, / 5. the story is _ interesting. that means it is _ interesting story. a. an, the b. the, a. c. /, an d. /, a 6. lets go for _

20、walk, shall we? a. a b. an c. the d. / 7. this is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. a. a, a b. an, an c. an, a d. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. a. a, an b. the, a c. the , the d. a, the 9. they passed our school _ day before yesterday. a. an b. o

21、ne c. a d. the 10. australia is _ english-speaking country. a. a b. an c. the d. / 11. dont play _ basketball here. its dangerous. a. a b. an c. / d. the 12. this is _ apple. its _ big apple. a. an, a b. a, the c. a, an d. an, the 13. - have you seen _ bag? i left it here just now. - is it _ one on

22、the chair near the door? a. a, a b. the, the c. a, the d. the, a 14. i have _ blue coat. a. a b. an c. the d. some 15. this is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. a. a, the b. an, the c. an, an d. the, an 16. have you had _ breakfast? a. a b. an c. the d. / 17. he wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. a. a b. an the d. any 18. after _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. a. the, the b. /, the c. /, a d. /, / 19. there is _ apple on the plate. a. a b. an c. the d. / 20. he said that he got _ “ c” in the