情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸納表.doc

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸納表情態(tài)V詞義&用法注意事項(xiàng)特殊用法can could1.表具備某種能力Can表現(xiàn)在能力；Could表示過去能力.可用be able to代替；was/were able to to表示成功做了某事 （1） 表驚異、懷疑、不相信、不耐煩等。（此意常用于否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句語氣）Can/Could this be true?（2）can nottooenough表示無論怎樣也不過分,越越好：You cant be too careful.2.表請求和允許請求用could 語氣委婉允許不用 could.3. 表“可能性”1 can用于否定和疑問句(could不限)2 can (be)表

2、示有時(shí)候會(huì)（常與sometimes, at times 連用）maymight 1.表請求和允許請求用might語氣更委婉。允許時(shí)用may，表示“可以”（表示允許時(shí)不用might）。（1）may/might well+V原形：表完全可能,，很可能= be very likely to:He may well be proud for his son.（2）may/might as well+V原形：最好，滿可以，倒不如You may as well stay here over night.2.表可能性“也許”此意常用于肯定句。（might可能最?。?表祝愿固定句型為“May+主語+V原型”：

3、May you succeed! must1.表“必須”1 must多表主觀、現(xiàn)在/將來義務(wù); have to多表客觀、過去義務(wù)2 mustnt表禁止；否定用neednt / dont have to（1） 表示必然結(jié)果：All men must die.人固有一死。（2）表示一種與說話人愿望相反、不耐煩的感情色彩，可譯為“一定要、偏偏、非要”：If you must know, her name is Mary.2.表推測：“肯定是、準(zhǔn)是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑問句中用can/couldwillwould1.表意愿,決心等Would此時(shí)為will過去式，無意義差別（1） will表命令（

4、說話者確定命令一定會(huì)得到執(zhí)行）或允諾：You will report to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允諾)（2） 可用于祈使句附加疑問句(反義疑問句)：(此時(shí)would比will委婉) Dont go now, will you?（3） woul短語：would rather/would prefer寧愿；would like/would love喜歡/想要（見注意）2.表經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性，傾向性，Would表過去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作/某種傾向(相對于used to無“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”之義。)3.表功能，性質(zhì)敘述真理：The

5、 tree will leave without water for 3 months.4.表估計(jì)：“想必，大概”（只時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別）此意表對目前事物的預(yù)料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示過去/現(xiàn)在；will表示現(xiàn)在/將來)5. 表“請求/要求”（Will you？）此意用于疑問句，常與you連用Will you give me a piece of paper?shall （shant）1.表征求意見（“好不好”）用在第一、三人稱Shall the reporters wait outside or what?點(diǎn)2其他示例：He shall ha

6、ve the book when I finish reading.(允諾) You shall fail if you dont work harder.（警告）You shall come at once.（命令）2.表允諾、威脅、警告、命令或根據(jù)規(guī)定有義務(wù)做用于第二、第三人稱Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving3.表規(guī)章、法令、預(yù)言：“必須”用于所有人稱Every competitor shall wear a numbershouldought to1.表示道義上的責(zé)任，義務(wù)或要求，有時(shí)表示勸

7、告：You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.（1）should 用于疑問句中表示說話人對某事不能理解，惋惜，感到意外，贊嘆，憤怒、驚異等感情，意為“竟會(huì)”，有時(shí)也用于陳述句中（2）Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可能，相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。（見注意）2.表示推測和可能性，是“ (按理說)應(yīng)該”之意肯定的語氣沒有must用于推測時(shí)強(qiáng)This pen ought to /should be yours. 3.表示說話人的一種謙遜，客氣，委婉的語氣此意常用于

8、第一人稱時(shí)：You are mistaken , I should say . (依我看你是搞錯(cuò)了)高考熱點(diǎn)透視熱點(diǎn)一：表猜測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。詞形使用場合對現(xiàn)在和未來的推測對過去事情的推測must肯定句must+動(dòng)詞原形must have donemay/might肯定句、否定句may+動(dòng)詞原形may/might have donecan/could否定句、疑問句can/could +動(dòng)詞原形can/could have doneshould肯定句、否定句、疑問句用來表示一種估計(jì)的情況“按理會(huì)/估計(jì)會(huì)”should+動(dòng)詞原形should have done熱點(diǎn)二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done

9、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法有兩種含義：1. 對過去情況的猜測。由表猜測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done構(gòu)成。上表已經(jīng)提到。2. 表示與過去事實(shí)的主觀設(shè)想。有輕微的責(zé)備、后悔之意。請參看下表：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done用法例句must have done對過去進(jìn)行推測表 “想必、準(zhǔn)是一定做了”The light were out. They must have been asleep.can have donecant have done否定、疑問句中，表“懷疑和不肯定”He cant have forgotten it.Can he have gone to his aunts?cou

10、ld have donecouldnt have done表“本來可以做某事的（卻沒有）否定表“不可能”You could have done better, but you were too careless.Mr wang couldnt have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now.might have done表“本來應(yīng)該或可以/能做某事的（卻沒有）You might have given me more help, though you were busy.should/ought tohave done用于肯定句中時(shí)，表示“本該做某事”，

11、而實(shí)際上未做；用于否定句中時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。You should/ought to have been more careful.You shouldnt have spoken to your parents in this way.neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。The weather turned out fine. You neednt have taken your umbrella with you.had better have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)做了某事就好了”，其否定句表相反的含義。You had better have started

12、earlier.You had better not have quarrelled with her.would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”，其否定句表相反的含義。兩者都表“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken her advice.I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.Would like/love to have done表示愿意做某事，但未做成。I would love to have gone to the pa

13、rty last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.熱點(diǎn)三：shall，will，must 等1. Shall 用于第一人稱疑問句中表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埱蟆＠篢he room is so dirty. _ we clean it?Of course. ( 03 上海春招 )A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 用于第二人稱陳述句表示說話人或他人的意圖、命令、允諾、警告、命令等。例：“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04 重慶，24)A. may B. should C. must D. shall2