高考名詞性從句詳解

1、.高考名詞性從句 目錄一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞二. 主語從句三、賓語從句四、表語從句五. 同位語從句六、名詞性that-從句七、名詞性wh-從句八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移九、高考熱點(diǎn)透視十、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1、 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的分類引導(dǎo)詞的類別常見引導(dǎo)詞補(bǔ)充說明連詞that；if、whetheras if ,as though（均表好像、似乎）tha

2、t無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)賓語從句可省略If，whether表是否，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，位于句首時只用whether連接代詞whatwhichwhowhomwhosewhateverwhicheverwhoeverwhomeverwhoseverWhat不引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句其意義相當(dāng)于“名詞+定語從句”。連接代詞有詞義，在句中擔(dān)任主語，表語，定語或賓語連接副詞whenwherehowwhywheneverwhereverhowever有詞義，在句中擔(dān)任狀語。when,什么時候where,什么地方why,為什么how,怎么樣2. 主語從句 What he

3、wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 注意： 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It

4、+ 不及物動詞 + that 從句當(dāng)堂練習(xí)： （1）It is immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. （2）_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （3） watchwaslostisunknown. （4） he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.3、 賓語從句 We must never think (that) we are

5、good in everything while others are good in nothing. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. （由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。） I want to know what he has told you.注意： 當(dāng)think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主?/p>

6、中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。當(dāng)堂練習(xí)： （1）The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2）Shealwaysthinksof shecanworkwell. （3）Shewillgive needshelpawarmsupport.四、表語從句The fact is tha

7、t we have lost the game.Thats just what I want.The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：（1）The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.（2）Hehasbecome hewantedtobetenyearsago.（3）Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Id

8、isagree.五. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought c

9、ame to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：We should consider the studentsrequest _ the school library provide more books on popular science.6、 名詞性that-從句 1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：主語：That he is still alive is she

10、er(純粹的) luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied w

11、ith your job.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計(jì)劃注定要失敗。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is o

12、bvious that很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信It is known to all that從所周知It has been decided that已決定c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It is common knowledge that是常識It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是It is a fact that事實(shí)是d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想

13、起7、 名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如：主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以

14、隨心所欲。間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎。表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時候回來。形容詞賓語：Im not sure why she refused their

15、invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明。8、 否定轉(zhuǎn)移（閱讀了解） 1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagin

16、e等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny

17、 day tomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。3) 有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having)Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。The

18、 ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月，這個人

19、的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。9、 高考熱點(diǎn)透視熱點(diǎn)清單1.名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞2.名詞性從句的語序3.賓語從句中的時態(tài)4.it作形式主語或形式賓語1. 名詞性從句的語序 名詞性從句的語序均為陳述句語序，即主語在前，謂語在后的順序 1）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在名詞性從句中作主語或主語的定語時，用“引導(dǎo)詞+名詞+謂語動詞”的語序，如： I dont know what has happened to him. I wonder whose handwriting is better. 2）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在名詞性從句作其他成分時，用“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語動詞”的語序。 You should know why th

20、e answer is right.2. 賓語從句的時態(tài) 賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)常受到主句謂語動詞的影響，因而在使用時要注意將主句、從句兩部分的時態(tài)保持一致。 1）當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范疇時，從句時態(tài)不受限制，但不宜使用過去完成時和過去完成進(jìn)行時。例如： He was a good student. I think he is a good student. 2）當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)范疇時，從句時態(tài)必須在過去時態(tài)范疇之內(nèi) ，但從句表示客觀事實(shí)和真理時，謂語動詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： He had been a good student. I thought he was a good s

21、tudent.十、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)一填上適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞1._caused the accident was a man lying on the ground.2._will go makes no difference.3._wallet was stolen must be made clear.4._he left his wife cut her to the heart .5._we go there remain to be decided.6._you uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.7._you went

22、 there alone must be explained.8. Ill take back _I said.9. Im satisfied _he did.10. Tell us _you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of time.11.Thats_ I praise you.12.The problem_ should be our monitor is not decided.13.They have no information _ he was alive.14.This is another proof_ he killed a man.15.

23、The professor gave orders _the test be finished before 6 oclock.二語法填空(一) I read a report last night. It says 1_ a lot of people died in 2_ traffic accident. But I forget 3_ the accident happened last Sunday. 4 _ astonished me most is 5_ some babies lost 6_ lives. However, I dont know 7_ the governme

24、nt has taken some measures to deal with 8_. In my opinion, 9_ accident has taught us a lesson 10_we should obey the traffic rules.(二) Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language _1_ words that consists of gestures, facial expressio

25、ns and body _2_ (move) that greatly add to - and sometimes even replace- _3_ (speak) language. Body language _4_(use) to communicate both attitudes and feelings as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss. People ofte

26、n use body language 5_ purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, 6_(mean), “I dont know”. 7_, body language can be unconscious as well. A person _8_ is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often h

27、old their body in a very rigid manner and have a tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in 9_ abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough 1

28、0_ they are feeling. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.（三）In the United States, there were 222 people _1_ (report) to be billionaires(億萬富翁) in 2003. The _2_（rich） of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who