托福聽(tīng)力材料表達(dá)方式有些

1、托福聽(tīng)力材料表達(dá)方式有些 其實(shí)托福聽(tīng)力如果能掌握一些好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)敲礋o(wú)論是對(duì)于托福聽(tīng)力備考還是考試都很有幫助，今天給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力材料表達(dá)方式有哪些，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。 時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式 漢語(yǔ)中用副詞表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)，而英語(yǔ)中是用動(dòng)詞的變形來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的。中國(guó)考生一般都對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)缺乏敏感度，這是很正常的，這就像外國(guó)人很難掌握我們漢語(yǔ)中的聲調(diào)一樣。 在托福聽(tīng)力中，尤其是在lecture(講座)中，我們要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化。因?yàn)樵谕懈５膌ecture文段開(kāi)頭部分，教授常常會(huì)通過(guò)討論過(guò)去講的內(nèi)容來(lái)引出本次講座的內(nèi)容，或者討論過(guò)去的理論和觀(guān)點(diǎn)與當(dāng)前的新理論和新觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。如果不注意時(shí)

2、態(tài)，一股腦地聽(tīng)下來(lái)，很容易會(huì)混淆lecture的主題，影響答題。 例如，托福.聽(tīng)力中一篇lecture的開(kāi)頭如下 Up until now in our discussions and readings about the broken early classical periods, weve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres within the relatively narrow social context of its patronage by the upper classes But I

3、 think if I were asked to identify a single crucial development in European music of this time, it would be the invention of the piano 這篇lecture主要講的是鋼琴的發(fā)明對(duì)西方音樂(lè)史的影響，教授在講座開(kāi)頭回憶了上幾節(jié)課談到的出資人如何影響音樂(lè)家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。第一句中“weve been talking about”這樣的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表明了教授在討論過(guò)去講過(guò)的內(nèi)容。后面由表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的“But”引導(dǎo)的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)講述的內(nèi)容才是lecture的真正重心。 所以，如

4、果在托福聽(tīng)力備考中能夠抓住時(shí)態(tài)的變化，我們就能更好地把握文段的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，將文章聽(tīng)得更有調(diào)理。 否定含義的表達(dá)方式和雙重否定 在否定意義的表達(dá)上，漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的表述方式有比較大的差別。 我們來(lái)假設(shè)一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：媽媽讓小明吃菠菜補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)，可是小明非常不喜歡菠菜的味道，于是小明對(duì)媽媽說(shuō)：“媽媽?zhuān)銊e讓我吃了，我_菠菜了。” 如果根據(jù)場(chǎng)景，幫小明把話(huà)補(bǔ)全來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)菠菜的厭惡和否定，那么漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)大概會(huì)是：“媽媽?zhuān)銊e讓我吃了，我最不喜歡菠菜來(lái)了?！狈穸ǖ恼Z(yǔ)氣會(huì)很直接的表達(dá)出來(lái)。 那么，美語(yǔ)的表達(dá)會(huì)是怎么樣的呢，大概會(huì)是：“Mommy, please, the last thing I would like t

5、o eat is spinach. ”是的，美國(guó)人會(huì)說(shuō)他想吃的東西中的最后一個(gè)是菠菜。這個(gè)邏輯 _人來(lái)說(shuō)是比較“曲折”的，但是我們必須適應(yīng)，否則聽(tīng)力中的某些關(guān)鍵句就會(huì)反應(yīng)不出來(lái)到底是什么含義。 另外，雙重否定的形式在漢語(yǔ)的固定詞組中比較常用，如“不得不”、“無(wú)不”等等。但是雙重否定在英語(yǔ)中用得更為靈活，不單單以固定詞組的形式出現(xiàn)。 約定俗成的表達(dá)方式 在托福聽(tīng)力中有很多約定俗成的表達(dá)方式，而且這些方式往往都是由簡(jiǎn)單的單詞組成，非常容易望文生義。如果不知道這些表達(dá)方式的正確含義，以美式思維方式理解和記憶，就不能很好的理解聽(tīng)力文段。 上面結(jié)合托福聽(tīng)力說(shuō)明了幾種表達(dá)的方式，這些大家在托福聽(tīng)力備考中如

6、果能熟練掌握相信一定對(duì)大家的托福聽(tīng)力能提供不小的幫助，希望各位能仔細(xì)斟酌。 At last months meeting you asked me to draw up a report about the possibility of keeping the student center open twenty-four hours a day. 在上個(gè)月的會(huì)議上你們要求我起草一個(gè)報(bào)告，關(guān)于保持學(xué)生中心每天24小時(shí)開(kāi)放的可能性。 I decided that the best way to assess the need for expanded hours was to talk to t

7、he people who were still in the student center at closing time. 我判斷評(píng)估增加小時(shí)數(shù)的需求的最好方法是與在關(guān)閉時(shí)間依然在學(xué)生中心里面的人談?wù)劇?First, over the course of the two weeks, I interviewed more than fifty students as they left the student center at its regular closing time of twelve midnight. 首先，在過(guò)去兩周的進(jìn)程中，我面談了超過(guò)五十名同學(xué)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谕ǔ５奈缫?2

8、點(diǎn)的關(guān)閉時(shí)間離開(kāi)學(xué)生中心時(shí)。 About eighty percent of them said they would prefer that the center stay open later. 他們中的大約百分之八十說(shuō)，他們更喜歡中心保持開(kāi)放更晚些。 Of the three main uses of the centereating in the snack bar, recreation in the game room or watching TV, and studying by far the most popular late night activity isand thi

9、s may surprise youstudying. 中心的三大用途在快餐部吃東西，在娛樂(lè)室消遣或看電視，以及學(xué)習(xí)，目前為止最普遍的深夜活動(dòng)是這也許會(huì)讓你們很驚訝學(xué)習(xí)。 Almost all of the people I talked to said that their main reason for being in the center after ten p.m. was to study in groups or to find a quiet place to study because their dorm was too noisy. 和我談過(guò)的幾乎所有的人都說(shuō)，他們晚上1

10、0點(diǎn)之后呆在中心的主要原因是小組學(xué)習(xí)或者是找一個(gè)安靜的地方學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗麄兊乃奚崽[了。 Of course, many of these people used the snack bar or TV room for breaks. 當(dāng)然，許多這些人使用快餐部或者電視房來(lái)休息。 My remendation is that we ask the administration to keep the center open after midnight for studying. 我的建議是我們要求管理部門(mén)在午夜后保持中心開(kāi)放用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。 The recreation room and sna

11、ck bar can still close at the usual time. 娛樂(lè)室和快餐部依舊在通常的時(shí)間關(guān)閉。 This should meet the objection that it costs too much to staff the center from midnight to eight a.m., which Im sure will be the first response. 這應(yīng)該符合異議，就是從午夜到上午8點(diǎn)給中心配備工作人員成本太高，這點(diǎn)我肯定會(huì)是第一個(gè)反應(yīng)。 These days we take for granted the wide variety

12、of music available on the radio. 一直以來(lái)我們理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為在廣播里可得到廣泛的，多種多樣的音樂(lè)。 But, this wasnt always the case. 但是，這并非總是如此。 In the early days of radio, stations were capable of broadcasting only a narrow range of sounds, which was all right for the human voice but music didnt sound very good. 在無(wú)線(xiàn)電廣播的早期，電臺(tái)只能夠廣播狹窄

13、范圍的聲音，這對(duì)人類(lèi)聲音來(lái)說(shuō)還行，但是音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)不是很好。 There was also a great deal of crackling and other static noises that further interfered with the quality of the sound. 還有許多噼里啪啦聲和其他靜電噪聲進(jìn)一步干擾了聲音的質(zhì)量。 A man named Edwin Armstrong, who was a music lover, set out to change this. 一個(gè)名叫Edwin Armstrong，這人是個(gè)音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者，打算改變這事。 He inve

14、nted FM radio, a technology that allowed stations to send a broad range of frequencies that greatly improved the quality of the music. 他發(fā)明了調(diào)頻廣播，一種允許電臺(tái)發(fā)送寬廣范圍頻率的技術(shù)，極大地提升了音樂(lè)的質(zhì)量。 Now, youd think that this would have made him a millionaire; it didnt. 那么，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這會(huì)使他成為百萬(wàn)富翁，它(調(diào)頻廣播技術(shù))沒(méi)有。 Radio stations at tha

15、t time had invested enormous amounts of money in the old technology. 那時(shí)的廣播電臺(tái)已經(jīng)在舊的科技上投資了龐大的金額。 So the last thing they wanted was to invest millions more in the new technology. 所以他們最不想做的事就是去在新科技上多投資數(shù)百萬(wàn)。 Nor did they want to have to pete with other radio stations that had a superior sound and could put

16、 them out of business. 他們也不想同其他有優(yōu)質(zhì)聲音的，能讓他們破產(chǎn)的廣播電臺(tái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 So they pressured the Federal Communications Commission, the department of the United States government that regulates radio stations, to put restrictive regulations on FM radio. 所以他們施壓給聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)，美國(guó)政府管理廣播電臺(tái)的部門(mén)，在調(diào)頻廣播上施加限制性的規(guī)則。 The result was that its

17、 use was limited to a very small area around New England. 結(jié)果是它的使用被限制在New England周?chē)苄〉膮^(qū)域。 Of course as we all know, Edwin Armstrongs FM technology eventually prevailed and was adopted by thousands of stations around the world. 當(dāng)然，正如我們所知，Edwin Armstrong的調(diào)頻技術(shù)最終獲勝了，并且被全世界成千上萬(wàn)的電臺(tái)采用了。 But this took years

18、of court battles and he never saw how it came to affect the lives of almost everyone. 但這打了多年的官司，而且他從來(lái)都沒(méi)見(jiàn)到它(調(diào)頻技術(shù))如何來(lái)影響幾乎每一個(gè)人的生活。 Im going to talk about a train that exemplifies the rise and fall of passenger trains in the United States: the Twentieth Century Limited. 我將要談?wù)勛鳛槊绹?guó)客運(yùn)列車(chē)興衰的例證的一列火車(chē)：二十世紀(jì)高級(jí)快車(chē)。

19、 Let me go back just a bit. 讓我來(lái)回顧一下下。 In 1893, a special train was established to take people from New York to an exposition in Chicago. 在1893年，一列專(zhuān)列被設(shè)立，載人從紐約去芝加哥的一個(gè)博覽會(huì)。 It was so suessful that regular service was then set up between these cities. 這事是如此的成功以至于定期的(客運(yùn))服務(wù)然后就在這些城市間建立了。 The inaugural trip

20、of the Twentieth Century Limited was made in 1902. 二十世紀(jì)高級(jí)快車(chē)的首次旅行被安排在1902年。 The train was different from what anyone had ever seen before. 這個(gè)列車(chē)同之前任何人見(jiàn)到的都不一樣。 It was pulled by a steam engine and had five cars: two sleepers, a dining car, an observation car, and a baggage car, which, believe it or not, contained a library. 它由蒸汽機(jī)(車(chē))牽引，并且有五節(jié)車(chē)廂：兩節(jié)臥鋪(車(chē))，一節(jié)餐車(chē)，一節(jié)瞭望車(chē)，和一節(jié)行李車(chē)，那個(gè)(火車(chē))，不管你信不信，包含了一個(gè)圖書(shū)館。 The 42 passengers the