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1、人教版高一英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)最新五篇 英語是我們學(xué)習(xí)的主要科目之一,英語作為國際性語言,學(xué)好英語自然有很多好處。學(xué)習(xí)英語要從最基礎(chǔ)的知識(shí)開始學(xué),而且需要端正學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度,因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)外語需要堅(jiān)持。下面就是給大家?guī)淼娜私贪娓咭挥⒄Z知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),希望能幫助到大家! 虛擬條件句 條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。 l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語十過去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard. 2.條件從句與過去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語+had+過去分詞,主語+s

2、hould(could, would,或might)+have+過去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term 3.條件從句與將來事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語+should/were to+do,主語+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes. 注意: 1.If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。 2-根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語,有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,

3、即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。 3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if 將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。 raise vt.“使上升;升起;提高”等; rise vi.“上升;升起”; arise vi.“站起來(stand up)”,“起床(get up)” rise和arise用作站起,起床都屬正式用法;arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。

4、 She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出現(xiàn)

5、) 一. 直接引語和間接引語 (一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi),間接引語則不用引號(hào)。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。 1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如: Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework

6、.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化,例如: She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. (二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),都使用陳述語序,但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?,所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接

7、引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如: She said,“Is your father at home?” She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形

8、變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, _, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / _ / order someone (not) to do something. 例如: She said to us,“Please sit down.” She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” He ordered him to go away. He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys

9、 not to make so much noise. 二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念:它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式如下: 1. 一般現(xiàn)

10、在時(shí) am/is/are + 過去分詞 例如:Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般過去時(shí) was/were + 過去分詞 例如:These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般將來時(shí) will/shall + be + 過去分詞 例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過去分詞 例如:Your radio is being repaired now. 5.

11、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過去分詞 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過去分詞 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt. 7. 過去完成時(shí) had + been + 過去分詞 注意: 1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:Their questions havent got

12、 answered. 2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work cant be done until Mr. Black es. 3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語,其被動(dòng)語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如: The problem is going to be discussed at the next mee

13、ting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通??捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不可以。例如: The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通??杀?/p>

14、very修飾,被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。 例如: He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) 5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語一般是物。例如: These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。 The door wont shut. 這門關(guān)不上。 The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。 1. be good to 對(duì).友好 be

15、 good for 對(duì).有益;be bad to/be bad for 2. add up 加起來 增加 add up to 合計(jì),總計(jì) add to 把.加到. 3. notuntil/till 意思是“直到才” 4. get sth/sb done 使.完成/使某人被. 5. calm down平靜下來 6. be concerned about 關(guān)心 關(guān)注 7. 當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞省去。 While walking the dog, you were careless and

16、it got loose. 8. cheat in the exam _ 9. go through 經(jīng)歷;度過;獲準(zhǔn),通過 10. hide away 躲藏;隱藏 11. set down 寫下,記下 12. I wonder if. 我不知道是不是. 12. on purpose 故意 13. sth happen to sb 某人發(fā)生某事 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 it so happened that .正巧 碰巧 14. It is the first (second) that (從句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 15. in ones power 處于.的

17、控制之中 16. Its no pleasure doing. 做.沒有樂趣 Its no good/ use doing sth. 做某事是沒好處/沒用的 17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語 18. suffer from 患病;遭受 19. sothat /suchthay 20. get tired of. 對(duì)感到勞累 疲憊 21. have some trouble with sb/sth. 在.上遇到了麻煩 22. get along with sb/sth.

18、與某人相處 23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議 24. make 后接復(fù)合賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式: make sb. do sth.讓 (使)某人做某事 make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/物 make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被 When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n. 使某人成為 25. alone /lonely. 單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的 26. I would be grat

19、eful if 委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求 27. Why not do. = why dont you do 一、單詞 1、重點(diǎn)單詞講解。 (1)add add to 把添加/把加起來 add up to 共計(jì),總共 add to 增添 (2)upset 過去式:upset 過去分詞:upset 現(xiàn)在分詞:upsetting adj.心煩意亂的,不安的,不適的 be upset about/over 為某事心煩、不安 be upset that 心煩 vt.使不安,使心煩 It upsets sb that 讓某人心煩的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做某事使某人不安 (3)conc

20、ern vt. 使擔(dān)心,顧慮,涉及,關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心,關(guān)注,利害關(guān)系 as far as sb/sth + be concerned 就某人而言,對(duì)于某人來說 as far as I am concerned 就我而言,對(duì)于我來說 as far as he is concerned 對(duì)他來說 as far as English is concerned 關(guān)于英語,對(duì)于英語 be concerned about/for 關(guān)心,掛念 have no concerned about/for be concerned in/with 涉及到,與有關(guān) have no concerned in/with (4)go through 經(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受 go through one difficulty after another.經(jīng)歷一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難。 仔細(xì)檢查,審查 go through your paper 檢查你的試卷。 瀏覽,翻閱 go through all

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