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1、玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),1,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,英語名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。 普通名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞??蓴?shù)名詞 有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在特殊情況下,他們也可用作可數(shù)名詞。,A. 名詞的分類,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),2,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(1) 規(guī)則變化 1. 詞尾 + s: desks, maps, cats, roofs pens, rooms, dogs, cars 2. 詞尾 + es: buses, watches, gla

2、sses, brushes 3. 輔音 + y ies: baby babies, city cities 4. 元音 + y ys: days, boys, keys 5. 輔音 + o +es: potatoes, tomatoes, heroes 例外:kilos, photos, pianos,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),3,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(1) 規(guī)則變化 6. 元音 + o + s: zoos, bamboos, radios, studios工作室 7. 詞尾f或fe ves: half halv

3、es, life lives, knife knifes /self, shelf架子,loaf 一條,wife, thief, wolf, leaf, etc 例外: roofs, chiefs 首領(lǐng),proofs, beliefs, safes保險(xiǎn)箱, griefs 悲傷,handkerchiefs, cliffs懸崖,,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),4,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(1) 規(guī)則變化 8. 字母或數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形,以加s為原則: e.g. mind your ps and qs謹(jǐn)慎行事 in the 1980

4、s = in the 1980s phDs = phDs,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),5,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(2) 不規(guī)則變化 1. 改變?cè)舻淖帜福?man men, woman women, foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, mouse mice 2. 詞尾 + en 或 ren: ox oxen, child children 3. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形: deer, sheep, aircraft航空器,cattle, Chinese,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器

5、;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),6,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(2) 不規(guī)則變化 4. 外來語的復(fù)數(shù)形: datum data, basis bases, crisis crises, antenna antennae, medium media, analysis analyses, ,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),7,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,(3) 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1. 主要的詞改為復(fù)數(shù): passers-by 行人,fathers-in-law岳父, maid-servants女仆 2

6、. 前后兩詞均改為復(fù)數(shù): men-servants, women-doctors, 3. 詞尾+ s: grown-ups, forget-me-nots勿忘草,B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),8,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,1. 表示不可數(shù)名詞量的概念,要使用單位名詞。. a bar of chocolate, a piece of furniture, a drop of water, an item of news, a loaf of bread, a piece of advice 2. 某些數(shù)量詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞:

7、 many, few/a few, a (large) number of, a good many of, etc. 3. 某些數(shù)量詞只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞:much, little/a little, a great deal of, a large amount of, a quantity of,C. 使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),9,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,4. 某些數(shù)量詞既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞: some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a percentage of

8、5. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊的意義: times時(shí)代, works著作, goods貨物,greens蔬菜, regards 問候,contents 目錄,papers論文/文件,parts零件 directions 指示/用法, gains 收獲 ,numbers數(shù)字,算數(shù) measures/means手段/措施, pains辛苦, remains遺跡/殘余,communications通訊系統(tǒng)/交通工具, movies電影 calculations計(jì)算的結(jié)果, oils 油畫,letters文學(xué),brains智力 colors徽章,,C. 使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),玉不琢,不成器;人

9、不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),10,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,6. 有些名詞常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers, compasses圓規(guī), jeans, glasses, savings 儲(chǔ)蓄, surroundings環(huán)境, finds研究結(jié)果,earnings 薪水, funds資金,arms武器 make friends with, burst into tears, in other words, at all costs不惜任何代價(jià), forces部隊(duì) on second thoughts進(jìn)一步考慮后, m

10、ake preparations for為作準(zhǔn)備,C. 使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),11,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,7. 有些國(guó)家名或?qū)W科名詞看上去是復(fù)數(shù),其意義是單數(shù): physics, politics, electronics, mathematics, economics, the United States, the United Nations, news, gymnastics體操,statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) The Arabian Nights 天方夜譚,C. 使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),玉不琢,不成器

11、;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),12,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)與謂語的一致關(guān)系 a) 由and連接兩個(gè)名詞或者代詞作主語時(shí), A and B分為以下四種情況: 1) A、B表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Both the parents and the children are here. 2) A、B表示同一個(gè)人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式 A journalist and author lives in the sixth

12、flat. The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),13,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,3) and連接幾個(gè)單數(shù)主語,主語由each、 every、 no、 many a等詞修飾的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) Each boy and each girl is invited. Every boy and girl is invited. No boy and no girl is there now. 4) A、B為兩個(gè)不可分的東西時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) A l

13、aw and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. Bread and butter is nutritious.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),14,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,b) 由or, not only but also , either or , neither nor 連接主語時(shí),謂語的人稱和數(shù)與靠近的主語一致 (注意,敘述句和疑問句隨語序不同而不同) Either you or I am mad. Neither you nor he is na

14、ughty. Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),15,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,c) 當(dāng)主語后跟 but, with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than 等詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞不受詞組的影響,僅和主語保持一致: All but one were here just now. A li

15、brary with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),16,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,2.單一主語的情況 a) 以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí),例如physics, maths, economics, news, means, works, 等一般在謂語動(dòng)詞中用單數(shù)形式, 當(dāng)然,若表示復(fù)數(shù)的意思則另當(dāng)別論 Physics is very important. Every means has been tried.,D.名詞的數(shù)與

16、一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),17,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,2.單一主語的情況 b) b) 表示雙部分工具的名稱,衣服名稱等作主語時(shí),例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors, goods, clothers等,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果這些詞由Pair (suit, piece, series,kind) + of修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of scissors is lying in t

17、hat drawer. 但是在these/those pairs () of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后,謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),18,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,3. 動(dòng)名詞,不定式,從句作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞一 般要用單數(shù) To see is to believe. Swimming is a good way to keep health. Who is her father is not known.,D.名

18、詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),19,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,4. 集體名詞作主語時(shí) a) mankind/humanity/man(人類)作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式 Only man is knows how to cook. b) 由people, police, cattle, youth等集體名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 The cattle are grazing in the field,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),20,Unit 3 Number of

19、 Nouns,c) Family, croud, class, public, enemy等集體名詞作主語的時(shí)候 i. 若當(dāng)整體看,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 Our class is very diligent. ii. 若他們表示的人或者事物當(dāng)作若干個(gè)個(gè)體來看,謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式 When I came into the room, his family were watching TV. iii. A family/group/class 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); families/groups/classes作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) A group is coming to the zo

20、o.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),21,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,5. 其他情況 a) 主語為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 3 kilometers is not very far. Three times three makes nine.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),22,Unit 3 Number of Nouns,b) one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither +

21、 of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,因?yàn)閛f之后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞不是主語而是介詞of的賓語,of前面的one, every one 才是主語 Neither of them is right. Each of them has a slide. c) none of + 不可數(shù)名詞謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 none of + 可數(shù)名詞謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)均可 None of that money in the desk is his. None of his classmates knows the truth.,D.名詞的數(shù)與一致性,玉不琢,不成器;人不學(xué),不知道 (持續(xù)更新,敬請(qǐng)收藏),23,Uni

22、t 3 Number of Nouns,d) 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 詞組 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 詞組作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或者代詞的數(shù);若名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),若名詞或代詞是單數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea. Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day. e) more than one + (單數(shù)名詞) + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 more than two + (復(fù)數(shù)名詞) + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 More than one white rose has bloomed. More than two

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