高中英語簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

1、高中英語簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)突破學(xué)案（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)

2、構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e. g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e. g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the ro

3、ad is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：e. g. He is a student. 2、主語+不及物動詞：e. g. We work. 3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e. g. My father bought me a car. 5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。主語動詞表語：在這一句型中，動詞是系動詞，劃線部分為表語。1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名詞作表語)2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容詞作表語)3. She remained standing for a hour. (現(xiàn)在分詞作表語)4. The que

5、stion remained unsolved. (過去分詞作表語)5. The machine is out of order. (介詞短語作表語)6. The television was on. (副詞作表語)7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (動詞不定式作表語)8. My job is repairing cars. (動名詞作表語)9. The question is what you want to do. (從句作表語，即：表語從句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容詞作表語，在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。Im happy to meet

6、 you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 主語動詞：在這一句型中，動詞為不及物動詞及不及物的動詞詞組。在有的句子中，不及物動詞可以有狀語修飾。1. The sun is rising. 2. Ill try. 3. Did you sleep well？(well做狀語，修飾不及物動詞sleep)4. The engine broke down. 注意：在此句型中，有少數(shù)不及物動詞表達(dá)被動含義，表達(dá)主語本身所具有的特性，不用被動語態(tài)。1. The book sells well. 2. Th

7、e window wont shut. 3. The pen writes smoothly. 4. Cheese cuts easily. 主語動詞賓語：在此句型中，動詞為及物動詞，劃線部分為賓語。1. Do you know these people (them)？(名詞或代詞作賓語)2. I cant express myself in English. (反身代詞作賓語)3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源賓語)4. We cant afford to pay such a price. (不定式作賓語)5. Would you mind waiting

8、a few minutes？(動名詞作賓語)6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (從句作賓語，即：賓語從句)注意：并不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況作賓語，不同的動詞有不同的用法，所以，在學(xué)習(xí)動詞時，一定要掌握其用法。主語動詞賓語賓語：在此句型中，動詞可以稱作雙賓語動詞，在英語中，這樣的動詞并不多，在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到時，要牢記。后面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語，其中，間接賓語在前，一般表人，直接賓語在后，一般表物。這類句型有三種情況。第一種情況，間接賓語可以改為由to引導(dǎo)的短語。1. He handed me a letter. He

9、handed a letter to me. 2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二種情況，間接賓語可以改為由for引導(dǎo)的短語。3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us. 4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三種情況，直接賓語可以由賓語從句充當(dāng)。5. Tell him Im out. 6. Can you infor

10、m me where Miss Green lives？主語動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語：在此句型中的動詞，叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞，在英語中，這樣的動詞也不多。后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起被稱作復(fù)合賓語。這個句式是英語中比較復(fù)雜的一個句式，因?yàn)閺?fù)合賓語的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. He found his new job boring. (形容詞作賓補(bǔ))2. The called their daughter Mary. (名詞作賓補(bǔ))3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))

11、4. We went to here house but found her out. (副詞作賓補(bǔ))5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作賓補(bǔ))6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作賓補(bǔ))7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作賓補(bǔ))8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的進(jìn)行式作賓補(bǔ))9. Did you notice him come in？(不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ))

12、10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))注意：在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以出現(xiàn)用it作形式上的賓語，把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句。1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式賓語，his duty是賓語補(bǔ)足語，to mention this to her是真正的賓語。2. I think it best that you should sta

13、y with us. 分析：it是形式賓語，best是賓語補(bǔ)足語，that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。3. there be句型是一種特殊的句子，真正的主語在后面，含義為“有”謂語動詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room. 有兩個或更多的主語時，動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主語的后面有時有修飾語：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There we

14、re many things to be done(此處也可以使用to do). 謂語動詞be可以有時態(tài)的變化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him. 謂語也可以有不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight？there be句式變疑問句，把be提前；變反意疑問句

15、也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？there be句型中也可以使用諸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物動詞：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 用于非謂語的情況

16、下，有時用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)there to be或動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)there being：You wouldnt want there to be another war. (不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))There being nothing else to do，we went home. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))（三）并列句的分類并列句基本概念：并列復(fù)合句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。兩個簡單句常由并列連接詞連在一起；

17、但有時不用連接詞,只在兩個簡單句之間用一逗號或分號。1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e. g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was a littl

18、e man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 主從復(fù)合句：1、概念：主從復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨(dú)立成為一個句子。從

19、句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。2、分類：從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語、定語從句和狀語從句等。（四）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but

20、, or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。如：We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow。判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3.

21、 There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do

22、 so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 【模擬試題】1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. _ help if you can, and our country will imp

23、rove more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, _ ? Morn, cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. _ it rains later on in the day?A. How B. What C. How about

24、D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, _ you? Yes. Ive got too much homework.A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, _? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town, _? A. used there

25、B. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it 8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? _. A. Yes, she isnt B. No, she is C. Yes, she is D. No, isnt she 9. _ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an anci

26、ent Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be.A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every mont

27、h.A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What

28、 the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what16. The students of the music school study _. A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as musicC. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subje

29、cts and music17. _ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As18. There is plenty of rain in the south _ there is little in the north.A. while B. as C. when D. so 19. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He

30、would ask D. He had been asked 20. I dont like chicken _ fish. I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and 21. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As22. _ everybody is here, lets set out right away.A. Now that

31、 B. Because C. For D. After 23. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which 24. We must do the experiment carefully _ Miss Liu told us.A. what B. since C. as D. while25. Tony will nev

32、er forget these days _ she lived in China with her mother, has a great effect on her life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; that26. _ I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.A. Since B. So far as C. In case D. As if27. Who do you think the doctor will

33、have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined28. What are you anxious about? _.A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed 29. You should put the dictionary _ you can find it easily.A. where B. the place C. the place on which D.

34、what 30. She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of the test _ I know it.”A. because B. the moment C. after D. though 31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” _ he had time to spare. A. as soon as B. as C. so that D. whenever32. Li Fang is very busy, _ shes always helpi

35、ng others with their lessons. A. but B. although C. so D. for 33. Getting a right job can be difficult _ the students _ prepared to deal with the job interview.A. if; wont B. unless; will C. unless; are D. if; are 34. Everything depends on _ they will support you about it.A. if B. which C. whether D

36、. that 35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A. which B. it C. as D. who 36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 37. He made another wonderful di

37、scovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 38. Its really very dangerous. One more step, _ the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and39. She is American, _ she knows little about American history.A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore 40. Information technology is taught in most schools, _ we have entered the information society.A. so B. while C. still D. for41. Helen must obey her parents. Oh, she mu