初中賓語從句詳細講解教師版

1、賓語從句一、定義：在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。在復合句中賓語從句作主句中謂語動詞、介詞的賓語。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語，如： I know the man.而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引導詞 從句賓語從句三大塊: 1. 引導賓語從句的連接詞（從屬連接詞和連接代詞）； 2. 賓語從句的語序； 3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)。二、賓語從句的引導詞（連接詞）作用有無意義在從句中所做成分從屬連接詞that只起連接作用無無Whether/if起連接作用有（表示是否）無連接詞連接代詞What連接+從句

2、中做成分什么（指物）主，賓，表Which連接+從句中做成分哪一個（指物）主，賓，表who連接+從句中做成分誰（指人主格）主，表whom連接+從句中做成分誰（指人賓格）賓whose連接+從句中做成分誰的（指人所有格）定連接副詞Where連接+從句中做成分地點狀語When連接+從句中做成分時間狀語Why連接+從句中做成分原因狀語How連接+從句中做成分方式狀語1.陳述句充當賓語從句時，用that引導，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老師說我是個好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is ser

3、iously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意為“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?注意：只能用whether不用if 的三種情況 一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以

4、下3種 情況只能用whether： 與or not連用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介詞之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果賓語從句原來

5、是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?.賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句式連詞語序例句陳述句That不變I think that we can be good friends.一般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序C

6、an you tell me what she is doing?注意事項:(一)當從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語時，語序不變：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是_任何_時態(tài)。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us wher

7、e well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的_過去_時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，仍用現(xiàn)在時。 Dad told us that it is better to do t

8、han to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.即學即練子連接成為含有賓語從句的復合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels

9、 faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing game

10、s? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you

11、know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats h

12、is name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.單項

13、選擇1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面應該接that引導的賓語從句，that 在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應該是“來看我們的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.wha

14、tD.how答案：A本句表達一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除A、B兩項。從句意判斷問的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did

15、；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應該用應用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.ho

16、w much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除A、B兩項，由last week判斷應該用過去時態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應該用將來時態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper

17、_ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字誰動了我的奶酪，本句含義是“一個讀者問書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一個who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個獨立的完整的東西。例2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play wit

18、h computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦”，應該用when表示“當時”，本句中的that是賓語從句的引導詞。所以選D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，主要陷阱設置在when 上，它在本句中起到引導后面的時間狀語的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順思路，不要鉆牛角尖，當一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或另一個含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)I wonder _.Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call the