初中賓語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解教師版

1、賓語(yǔ)從句一、定義：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。在復(fù)合句中賓語(yǔ)從句作主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如： I know the man.而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引導(dǎo)詞 從句賓語(yǔ)從句三大塊: 1. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞（從屬連接詞和連接代詞）； 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序； 3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。二、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）作用有無(wú)意義在從句中所做成分從屬連接詞that只起連接作用無(wú)無(wú)Whether/if起連接作用有（表示是否）無(wú)連接詞連接代詞What連接+從句

2、中做成分什么（指物）主，賓，表Which連接+從句中做成分哪一個(gè)（指物）主，賓，表who連接+從句中做成分誰(shuí)（指人主格）主，表whom連接+從句中做成分誰(shuí)（指人賓格）賓whose連接+從句中做成分誰(shuí)的（指人所有格）定連接副詞Where連接+從句中做成分地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)When連接+從句中做成分時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Why連接+從句中做成分原因狀語(yǔ)How連接+從句中做成分方式狀語(yǔ)1.陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老師說(shuō)我是個(gè)好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is ser

3、iously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?注意：只能用whether不用if 的三種情況 一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以

4、下3種 情況只能用whether： 與or not連用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介詞之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)

5、是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序句式連詞語(yǔ)序例句陳述句That不變I think that we can be good friends.一般疑問(wèn)句if/whether改為陳述語(yǔ)序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞改為陳述語(yǔ)序C

6、an you tell me what she is doing?注意事項(xiàng):(一)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)確定，可以是_任何_時(shí)態(tài)。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us wher

7、e well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的_過(guò)去_時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情況：1.從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時(shí)，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Dad told us that it is better to do t

8、han to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.即學(xué)即練子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels

9、 faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing game

10、s? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you

11、know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats h

12、is name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.單項(xiàng)

13、選擇1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A從下文的答語(yǔ)看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來(lái)看我們的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.wha

14、tD.how答案：A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問(wèn)的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did

15、；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入語(yǔ)，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語(yǔ)序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.ho

16、w much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，由此排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，由last week判斷應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper

17、_ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪，本句含義是“一個(gè)讀者問(wèn)書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一個(gè)who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語(yǔ)中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的東西。例2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play wit

18、h computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾蓋茨十三歲的時(shí)候開(kāi)始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，本句中的that是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when 上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說(shuō)不通時(shí)，從另一個(gè)角度或另一個(gè)含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)I wonder _.Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call the