美國大洋調(diào)查歷史ppt課件

1、美國大洋科考簡史,以考察船為線索 余 星 國家海洋局第二海洋研究所 2011-6-22,http:/www.rvdata.us/catalog,/index.htm,發(fā)展歷程,早期萌芽期二戰(zhàn)前 快速發(fā)展階段二戰(zhàn)后50-60年代后 穩(wěn)步發(fā)展期 90年代后 成熟期 21世紀(jì)等待新技術(shù)的到來,早期,Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer PATTERSON. In service 1884-1919.,The Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship PATHFINDER in the Phil

2、ippines in the early 1900s. This was the first PATHFINDER.,Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship OCEANOGRAPHER,Images from NOAA,英國“挑戰(zhàn)者”號18721876近代海洋學(xué)基礎(chǔ),美國海洋研究機(jī)構(gòu),National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Woods Hole

3、Oceanographic Institution(WHOI) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Texas A&M University (TAMU) University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) University of Hawaii Marine Center (UHMC),Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO),Research vessels of the LDEO,R/V Vema , 19531981 1,225,000nautic

4、al miles RV Conrad, 196219891,100,000 nautical miles RV Eltanin, 19621975 420,000 nautical miles RV Ewing, 19882005 600,000 nautical miles RV Langseth, 2006-,R/V Vema,R/V Vema 1954-08-27 1981-02-27 28年 第4航次到36航次 全球四大洋,First research vessels for Lamont Geological Observatory (LDEO),built in 1923,http

5、://wiki/RV_Vema,collect samples of seawater and sediment cores, measure currents and heat flows, perform underwater photography and seismic studies, and map out ocean floors 采集海水樣品、沉積物柱狀樣，測量洋流和熱流，開展水下攝相、地震研究，以及繪制海底地貌,a record track of 1,225,000nautical miles (2,269,000 km). 世界紀(jì)錄,R/V

6、Vema,ca. 1960.,無多波束，多波束起始于60年，80年代開始推廣使用,R/V Vema,1954-08-27 1981-02-27, 28年， 4-36航次, 全球四大洋,1956年以前，4-11航次，主要集中在美國東海岸以外的大西洋海域，包括Burmuda三角，探索階段,R/V Vema,14航次從(1957-11-91958-9-9)， 歷時(shí)10個(gè)月 從大西洋沿南美洲南下， 然后到南非沿非洲東海岸 北上，過紅海、地中海， 然后回到紐約根據(jù)地。 主要是巡游探路。,R/V Vema,15航次，則緊隨14航次，以繞行南美洲(逆時(shí)針)為目標(biāo)，返回紐約，歷時(shí)約9個(gè)月(1958-10-17

7、1959-07-15),R/V Vema,探路,16航次，以繞行南極洲為目標(biāo)，沿南極外圍的大陸近岸航行，最后返回紐約，歷時(shí)近1年(1959-10-031960-09-22),R/V Vema,1979年Vema第36航次到達(dá)南海,21太平洋 30北大西洋 34西太和印度洋,Taylor, Hayes, 1979-SCS,1979-07-04(Suva, Fiji)出發(fā),1981-02-27(New York) 共21航段，600多天,穿越了西太平洋、西南太平洋、南海、 東北印度洋及西北印度洋、大西洋,重點(diǎn)考察了南海、Louisville海山鏈、 Mussau海槽以及非洲東側(cè)的Somali海盆,

8、RV Conrad,RV Conrad, 19621989 built by the Navy 1,100,000 nautical milesthe second ship in history to log more than one million nautical miles of oceanographic research.,deep-sea seismic reflection equipment mapping of the sediments collecting magnetic, gravity and heat-flow data multichannel seismi

9、c (MCS) surveying850 seismic profiles oceanographic, biological, geochemical, geological and geophysical work seafloor spreading,/res/fac/omo/history/conrad.html,RV Robert Conrad,RV Eltanin,RV Eltanin, 19621975420,000 nautical miles Ice-Breaking Cargo Ship 破冰 perform resea

10、rch in the Southern Ocean 南大洋 one of the worlds first Antarctic research ships,geophysical measurements, including precision depth sounding, gravity, magnetics, and seismic reflection profiling making vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other parameters 溫鹽、溶解氧 bathytherm

11、ograph casts 深海溫度 measurements of light scattering and ocean currents. 光散射和洋流,無多波束,RV Eltanin,RV Ewing,general-purpose research vessel collect high-quality MCS data 多道地震,RV Ewing, 19882005 600,000 nautical miles the most capable seismic research vessel in the world,R/V Maurice Ewing,R/V Maurice Ewin

12、g 1990-06-13 2005-01-07 已經(jīng)有15年 主要為太平洋、大西洋,多波束資料19902005,a seismic vessel to a general purpose research vessel改造 the only ship capable of collecting deep seismic data. 深海地震數(shù)據(jù),R/V Marcus G. Langseth,RV Langseth,RV Marcus G. Langseth , 2006,deep ocean multibeam swath bottom mapping system 深海多波束地形,exten

13、sive geophysical capabilites Syntrak 960-24 seismic recording system Solid State Hydrophone Cables,globally capable全球適用,current geological data systems (PetDB, EarthChem, NavDat and GEOROC) -complement 海洋和陸地沉積物地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù) major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and stable isotope ratios,SedDB

14、- Data Collection for Marine Sediment Geochemistry,Website: SedDB,Website: EarthChem,Website: Geoinformatics for Geochemistry,Website: Integrated Earth Data Applications,有用鏈接,Website: Seismic Reflection Field Data Center,Website: Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) Program,Website: Deep-Sea Sample Repo

15、sitory,Website: LODOS,Website: GEOTRACES,Website: Tree Ring Research Laboratory,Website: TIMS Facility Website,Website: AGES Website,Website: Borehole Research Group,MGDS: Marine Geoscience Data System,Ridge 2000 Data Portal and MARGINS Data Portal, as well as the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Data P

16、ortal, and the Seismic Reflection Field Data Portal data visualization tools GeoMapApp, and Virtual Ocean,Website: Marine Geoscience Data System: MGDS,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI),R/VKnorr 1968-R/VAtlantis 1997- R/VOceanus 1975-R/VTioga 2004-,HOV Alvin 1964- ROV Jason/Medea 1988- AUV

17、ABE/Sentry 1996-,Knorr 1968- Navy,165 cruises KN161KN199 (2000-2010),1985 發(fā)現(xiàn) the wreck of the RMS Titanic more than a million miles, forty trips around the Earth work in all of the worlds oceans and to the edges of the Polar Regions,“l(fā)ong-coring” system,/page.do?pid=8157,Atlantis19

18、97-,R/VAtlantis同名船(1931-1964) 299航段 WHOI第一條科考船. Atlantis (1963-1996),support the Alvin human occupied submersible six science labs precision navigation systems seafloor mapping sonar satellite communications,近期動態(tài)：exploring underwater volcanoes and hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean,sister ships

19、 are R/V Thomas G. Thompson以及R/V Roger Revelle,(SIO),(UW),Atlantis(1931-1966),Where is Atlantis Now?,可實(shí)時(shí)更新船只位 置，并向公眾開放,/page.do?pid=8231,Atlantis II,1963-1996 開辟新時(shí)代 one of the first research vessels to routinely take women scientists to sea one of the first to employ female officer

20、s and crew,NSF,Atlantis II,Oceanus 1975- NSF,Gulf Stream and the Deep Western Boundary Current,/page.do?pid=8158,R/V Tioga 2004- WHOI,中型船,R/V Tioga,小型船,for oceanographic work close to shore,R/V Oceanus,Human Occupied Vehicle Alvin,Built in 1964 as one of the worlds first deep-ocean

21、 submersibles 4500meters 6-10hours,Navy,more than 4,600 dives nearly 63 percent of the global ocean floor locating a lost hydrogen bomb in the Mediterranean Sea in 1966, exploring the first known hydrothermal vent sites in the 1970s, surveying the wreck of RMS Titanic in 1986.,/pag

22、e.do?pid=8422,Remotely Operated Vehicle Jason/Medea,New Jason 2002 第二代,6500meters 330 kilograms 10-kilometer fiber-optic tether Medea serves as a shock absorber sonar imagers, water samplers, video and still cameras, and lighting gear,1988年第一代 6,000 meters,海龍?zhí)?009,/page.do?pid=8423

23、,AUV ABE/Sentry,autonomous underwater vehicle 二代 4,500 meters redox potential probe and the Tethys in-situ mass spectrometer. USBL system locate and quantify hydrothermal fluxes,/page.do?pid=38095,Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) 一代（1996-2010） locate, map, and photograph many deep

24、-sea hydrothermal vent sites and volcanoes,/page.do?pid=8458,Scripps Institution of Oceanography,R/V Roger Revelle1996- R/V Melville 1992- R/V New Horizon 1996- R/V Robert Gordon Sproul 1981-,R/V Melville,R/V New Horizon,R/V Robert Gordon Sproul,built in1969,built in1978,R/V Roger

25、Revelle,Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) Gravimeter Magnetometer Motion reference units Multibeam Sub-Bottom Profilers Hydrographic Doppler Sonar,R/V Roger Revelle,/Ships/Roger_Revelle/,1996-,JOIDES ResolutionIODP,鉆探船 巖芯采樣、處理室 顯微觀察 古生物、微生物室 古地磁 井下測量 化學(xué)室 X射線,The JOIDES Resolution departed Honolulu, Hawaii, on 9 May 2009,1985年取代D/V Glomar Challenger (1967),D/