gold rush淘金熱英文簡介PPT課件

1、.,1,The Gold Rush,.,2,A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers to an area that has had a dramatic discovery of gold deposits. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, and the United States, while smaller gold rushes too

2、k place elsewhere.,Brief introduction,.,3,The California Gold Rush (18481855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma, California . The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii),

3、 and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. All in all, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad . Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the Cal

4、ifornia Trail and the Gila River trail.,.,4,The gold-seekers, called forty-niners (as a reference to 1849), often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the Gold Rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. At fi

5、rst, the gold nuggets could be picked up off the ground. Later, gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. More sophisticated methods were developed and later adopted elsewhere. At its peak, technological advances reached a point where significant financi

6、ng was required, increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners. Gold worth tens of billions of todays dollars was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few. However, many returned home with little more than they had started with.,.,5,In the 19th and early 20th centuries, ther

7、e were several major gold rushes. The permanent wealth that resulted was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was unprofitable for most diggers and mine owners, some people made large fortunes, and the merchants and transportation

8、facilities made large profits. The resulting increase in the worlds gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. Historians have written extensively about the migration, trade, colonization, and environmental history associated with gold rushes.,.,6,The effects of the Gold Rush were substanti

9、al. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written, a governor and legislature chosen and California became a state in

10、 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850 which divided possible US territories into free and slave states.,.,7,New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869 railroads were built across the country from California to the eastern United States. Agriculture and

11、 ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. At the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of staking claims was developed. The Gold Rush also had negative effects: Native Americans were attacked and pushed

12、off their lands and the mining has caused environmental harm. An estimated 100,000 California Indians died between 1848 and 1868 as a result of American immigration.,.,8,panning: washing soil or small stones in a pan to find gold or other valuable minerals （用淘選盤）淘洗；淘金 pan out: (of events or a situat

13、ion) to develop in a particular way（事情或局面）發(fā)展成 pan the work: to severely criticize the work 嚴厲批評、抨擊作品,.,9,In a pinch的意思是“必要時、在緊要關(guān)頭”，有人說它起源于淘金熱（gold rush），也有人認為這種說法并不可靠。那它究竟起源于何處呢？ 關(guān)于in a pinch起源于淘金熱的說法是有一段小故事的。據(jù)說當時淘金者買東西時，商人們會把手伸進淘金者裝金沙的袋子中，捏（pinch）一撮金沙作為交換。為了能得到更多的金沙，商人們通常會雇傭一些手掌較大的人來完成這項任務(wù)。因為這個過程關(guān)系

14、到商人的既得利益，所以in a pinch演變成“在緊要關(guān)頭”的意思也不無道理。,.,10,goldbrick指的是an idle worthless person（吊兒郎當?shù)膽袧h），它的淵源則可追溯到19世紀美國的“淘金熱”。 淘金時，人們?yōu)榱吮阌谘b運黃金，遂把挖出的金塊鑄成磚形，于是，goldbrick應(yīng)運而生，在當時指的可是真的“金磚”。不過，到了1879，由于一樁轟動全美的詐騙案，“金磚”在現(xiàn)在倒成了“贗品”和“詐騙”的代名詞。 隨著時間的推移，goldbrick的詞義慢慢擴大，現(xiàn)在用來指“游手好閑，吊兒郎當?shù)膽袧h、怠工者或騙子”。,.,11,grassroots community就是