江蘇新版牛津英語7B-Unit-8-知識點

1、Unit 8 PetsPart One Comic strip重點全解1、 Bring me something to eat.（P 92）something to eat意為“吃的東西”。to eat為動詞不定式，修飾不定代詞something。動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞時，常位于所修飾詞之后。例如：There are many places of interest to visit. We have something important to do.2、 How rude you are!（P 92）rude形容詞，意為“粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的”。例如：It is rude of you

2、to say so. We shouldnt say rude things to the old.3、 Thats it.（P 92）Thats it.是一句常用的口語，意為“就是這樣，正是如此”等。用法如下：(1) 表示贊同或鼓勵，意為“就是這樣，對了，這就對了” Thats it. Lets tell him the news.(2) 表示結(jié)束，意為“完了，沒有別的”。 You can have a cake and thats it.Part Two Welcome to the unitA重點全解1、 goldfish（P 93）goldfish為可數(shù)名詞，名為“金魚”。表示同一種金

3、魚時，單復(fù)數(shù)同行，即復(fù)數(shù)形式仍然為goldfish；表示不同種類的金魚時，復(fù)數(shù)形式為goldfishes。例如：I have two goldfish at home. There are many kinds of goldfishes in the pond.拓展 fish意為“魚”，表示同一種魚時，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；表示不同種類的魚時，復(fù)數(shù)形式為fishes；表“魚肉”時，fish為不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Help yourself to some fish.2、 mouse（P 93）mouse為可數(shù)名詞，意為“老鼠”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為mice。mouse還可以指“鼠標(biāo)”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為mouses。例如：

4、Look! What a lovely mouse. There are too many mice in the house, so we need a cat.I dont like this kind of mouse.B重點全解1、 I like watching them swim around.（P 93） watch sb. do sth. 意為“看見某人做某事”，表示一次完整的動作過程或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。watch sb. doing sth. 意為“看見某人正在做某事”，表示動作正在執(zhí)行。例如：I like watching children play basketbal

5、l. The old man is watching his grandson playing on the floor. (1) around為副詞，意為“到處，四處；在周圍”，還可以用作介詞，意為“圍繞；在附近；在周圍”。例如：I could hear her laughter all around. She put her arms around her son. (2) swim around意為“四處游動，游來游去”。例如：The little girl likes watching the fish swim around.拓展 含有around的詞組還有：look around

6、到處看看 walk around 四處逛逛turn around 圍繞轉(zhuǎn)動；轉(zhuǎn)身 show .around 引領(lǐng)參觀jump around 跳來跳去例如：The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 The little boy likes jumping around. 這個小男孩喜歡跳來跳去。2、 She loves to sleep on my knees.（P 93）on ones knees意為“在某人的膝蓋上”。knee在此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“膝蓋”。例如：My mothers knees hurt when it is cold. My ca

7、t likes sleeping on my knees.3、 I like my mouse best because its very small and soft and I can hold it in my hand.（P 93）(1) hold作及物動詞，意為“握住，拿；舉行；容納”例如：Hold my hand and I can pull you out. Look! What is the boy holding in his hand? We hold a sports meeting every term. The hall is big enough to hold o

8、ver one thousand people.hold作不及物動詞時，意為“不掛斷電話；持續(xù)”。例如：Hold on, please.(2) 該句是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，漢語中因為所以是連用的，而英語中because和so不能連用。例如：I love reading because I want to learn more about the world.4、 I can feed her carrots and I like her long ears.（P 93）feed此處用作及物動詞，意為“喂養(yǎng)”。 feed sth. to. /feed . with sth. 把喂給吃

9、例如：Please feed some grass to the cow. feed作不及物動詞時，意為“（牛、馬）吃”，常用短語：feed on sth. （動物）以為食。例如：Cows fed on grass.5、 He can sing, and I want to teach him to speak.（P 93）teach為及物動詞，意為“教；教導(dǎo)；教授”。(1) teach sb. sth. 意為“教某人某事”。例如：Who teaches you maths this term？(2) teach oneself. 意為“自學(xué)”，相當(dāng)于learn.by oneself。例如：T

10、om is teaching himself Chinese.=Tom is learning Chinese by himself.(3) teach sb. (how) to do sth. 意為“教某人做某事”例如：We should teach the children to know good from bad. Can you teach me how to draw?Part Three Reading重點全解1、 Here are her favourite poems.（P 94）poem為可數(shù)名詞，意為“詩歌”，poetry意為“詩，詩作（總稱）”。例如：Are you g

11、ood at writing poems?2、 My dog is the cleverest animal of all.（P 94）cleverest是形容詞最高級，它由“原級clever+-est”構(gòu)成，意為“最聰明的”。三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較時，需要用最高級。例如：He is the cleverest boy in our class. This is the best one of all his paintings.形容詞除了原級和最高級外，還有比較級，它由“原級+-er/r”構(gòu)成，用于兩者之間的比較。兩者比較由than引導(dǎo)。例如：Tony is taller than Jim.

12、3、 He doesnt just run after a ball.（P 94）(1) just此處用作副詞，意為“僅僅，只”。Dont be too hard on him-hes just a kid. just用作副詞還可以意為“正好，恰好；剛剛，剛才”。例如：Thats just what I wanted. Im just out of hospital. just可用作形容詞，意為“正義的，正直的；恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?。例如：He is a very just man.(2) run after 追逐，追求例如：If you run after two hares, youll catch

13、neither.4、 With eyes open wide.（P 94）(1) wide此處用作副詞，意為“充分地”，表示實際意義上的“寬”。例如：That man died with his eyes open wide. widely 表示抽象意義上的“寬”，意為“廣泛地，普遍地”。例如：English is widely used in the world.(2) wide還可用作形容詞，意為“寬廣的，寬闊的；寬的”。例如：Our classroom is 10 metres long and 8 metres wide.5、 He hunts when I hide.（P 94）(1

14、) hunt在此處用作不及物動詞，意為“搜尋，打獵”。例如：His grandfather hunted in the forest in the past. hunt還可以用作及物動詞，意為“搜尋，獵殺”。例如：I think it is not right to hunt animals. hunter為可數(shù)名詞，意為“獵人”。例如：The hunters ran away.(2) hide此處用作不及物動詞，意為“躲藏，隱藏”。例如：The moon hides in the clouds. hide還可以用作及物動詞，意為“藏，隱藏”。例如：The boy often hides hi

15、mself behind the door. hide還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“躲藏處”。例如：hide and seek 捉迷藏6、 He does wonderful tricks.（P 94）trick在此處為名詞，意為“把戲”。常用短語：play a trick on sb.意為“捉弄某人”。例如：The children played a trick on their teacher.7、 Builds me camps out of sticks.（P 94）build為及物動詞，意為“建筑，建造”。build.out of.意為“用建造”，相當(dāng)于use.to build.。例如：T

16、he workers are building a new bridge. We build houses out of bricks and stones. =We use bricks and stones to build houses.8、 He doesnt like to fight.（P 94）(1) fight在此處用作不及物動詞，意為“打架，戰(zhàn)斗，斗爭”，其過去式為fought。fight with sb.意為“和某人打架”，fight for sth.意為“為某事而打架”。例如：They didnt fight with each other from then on. T

17、he two dogs fought for a bone.(2) fight還可以用作及物動詞，意為“與打仗”。例如：The soldiers are fighting enemies bravely.(3) fight還可以用作名詞，意為“打架，斗爭”。例如：Dont have a fight with your friends.9、 And Ill look after him till the end.（P 94）(1) look after意為“照顧，照料”，相當(dāng)于take care of。例如：I look after my pet very well.(2) till在此處用作介

18、詞，意為“到時，直到為止”，與until近義，其前面的動詞為延續(xù)性動詞。例如：I will stay here till/until twelve oclock. till/until也可以用作連詞例如：He waited until/till the children fell asleep. not.till/until意為“直到才”，其前面的動詞通常為短暫性動詞。例如：He didnt come till/until late in the morning. The bus wont go till/until all the people get on it.(3) end為名詞，意為

19、“結(jié)尾，末尾”，常用短語有：in the end(=at last=finally) 最后，終于例如：We gave up the plan in the end.at the end of 在的末尾/盡頭例如：There is a post office at the end of the e to an end 結(jié)束例如：The war came to an end in 1949.10、 She isnt any trouble.（P 94）(1) trouble為名詞，意為“困難，麻煩”。例如：I have great trouble in my work.(2)

20、常用句型：Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? =Whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ 常用詞組：in trouble 處于困難中 out of trouble 脫離困境 trouble還可以用作及物動詞，意為“麻煩，使煩惱”。例如：Im sorry to trouble you.11、 We dont have to feed her much.（P 94）dont have to意為“不必”，相當(dāng)于neednt。以must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句進(jìn)行否定回答時通常用needn;t或dont have to。例

21、如：You dont have to do your homework first. -Must I go home now? -No, you neednt/dont have to.12、 She doesnt need a gentle touch.（P 94）(1) gentle為形容詞，意為“溫柔的，溫和的”。例如：She spoke in a gentle voice.(2) touch此處用作名詞，意為“觸摸，碰”例如：The silk has cool touch. touch還可以用作動詞，意為“觸摸；接觸；感動”。例如：Dont touch that plate-its h

22、ot.13、 Hed never bark or bite.（P 95）bark or bite意為“叫和咬人”。因為該句有否定意義，所以連詞用or不用and。例如：She cant sing or dance.14、 And Ill always take care of him.（P 95）take care of相當(dāng)于look after，意為“照顧，照料”。例如：We only have one earth, so we need to take good care of it.(1) care的用法： 用作不及物動詞，意為“介意，在乎”。例如：Whatever you say, I

23、dont care. 用作名詞，意為“介意，在乎，小心”。例如：He does his work with great care. 其形容詞形式為careful，意為“小心的，仔細(xì)的”。例如：Be careful not to wake up the baby. 其副詞形式為carefully,意為“小心地，仔細(xì)地，認(rèn)真地”。例如：Please check your homework carefully.(2) 與care有關(guān)的短語： care for 想要；喜歡；愛好例如：Would you care for a drink? take care 當(dāng)心，小心例如：Take care not

24、to break it. care about 在乎，關(guān)心例如：The little girl only cares about herself. 15、 . when someone comes to visit us.（P 96）visit可以用作及物動詞，也可以用作不及物動詞.用作及物動詞時，意為“參觀，拜訪”，之后跟名詞或者代詞作賓語。例如：Sometimes we visit the museum. She often visits her grandpa.Part Four Grammar重點全解1、 become（P 97）become此處用作連系動詞，意為“成為”。例如：My

25、dream is to become a great writer like Mo Yan.辨析：become, get, turn用作連系動詞，表變化之意的區(qū)別如下：(1) become常常用來表示身份職位的變化。例如：He became a doctor at last.(2) get常常用來表示時間的變化，常與比較級連用。例如：The day gets longer and longer.(3) turn常常用來表示顏色的變化。例如：The leaves turn green in spring.2、 feel（P 97）feel此處用作連系動詞,意為“摸起來，感覺”，后接形容詞作表語。

26、有類似用法的詞還有：look看起來，smell聞起來，taste嘗起來，sound聽起來。例如：Ice feels cold. That sounds interesting.3、When she gets tired, she sleeps anywhere.（P 97）anywhere為副詞，意為“在任何地方，無論哪里”。多用于疑問句和否定句中，代替somewhere；用于肯定句時，意為“任何地方”。例如：Where is my pen? I cant find it anywhere. You can sit anywhere you like.4、 He can repeat my w

27、ords.（P 97)repeat此處用作及物動詞，意為“重說，重復(fù)，重做”。例如：I didnt hear what you said. Please repeat it.5、 He is happy all the time.（P 97)all the time意為“總是，一直”。例如：I knew him a week ago, but I dont know his name all the time.與time有關(guān)的常用短語：at that time 在那時 at the same time 同時by the time 到為止 have a good time 玩得高興in time

28、 及時 on time 準(zhǔn)時every time 每次6、 I dont agree.（P 98)agree可以作為及物動詞或不及物動詞，意為“同意，應(yīng)允”。例如：I asked him to help me and he agreed.(1) agree后面可以接不同的介詞，表達(dá)不同的含義。 agree with通常表示同意某人或某人說的話。例如：I agree with them. I agree with what you said. agree to通常表示同意某一計劃，提議，安排等。例如：I agree to the plan. agree on通常表示雙方通過協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達(dá)

29、成協(xié)議，意為“就達(dá)成協(xié)議”。例如：They cant agree on the date.(2) agree to do sth. 意為“同意做某事”。例如：He agreed to get someone to help us.(3) agree后面可以接從句，意為“同意”。例如：She agreed that we could finish early.7、 Theres nothing wrong with keeping a snake if you like it.（P 98)(1) keep用作實義動詞 keep在本句中意為“飼養(yǎng)”，相當(dāng)于feed。 保管，保存，保留例如：Plea

30、se keep these things for me. 借用例如：How long can I keep the book?(2) keep作系動詞時，意為“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，其后可接形容詞作表語。例如：Please keep quiet.一 形容詞形容詞的定義：形容詞(adjective)，簡稱adj， 用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人 或事物的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)的詞。 形容詞的用法：1. 形容詞作定語形容詞作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。例如：He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。 There is nothing important in

31、todays newspaper. 今天報紙上沒有什么重要內(nèi)容。2. 形容詞作表語形容詞作表語，放在系動詞（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。例如：Everything will be all right. 一切都會好的。 After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很遠(yuǎn)的一段路后我累了。3.形容詞作賓語補足語 形容詞做賓語補足語，放在賓語之后，常與make, leave, keep, find等動詞連用。例如：He keeps the classroom cl

32、ean every day. 他們每天保持教室干凈。 People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人們常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鮮。4. 形容詞的名詞化，“the+形容詞”表示一類人，相當(dāng)于名詞，用作主語或賓語。例如：The old often think of old things. 老人常想起過去的事情。 They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他們將要給聾人和盲人蓋一所學(xué)校。5. 形容詞作狀語例如：These soldiers spent thr

33、ee days in the cold weather, cold and hungry. 這些士兵們在冷天里度過了三天，又冷又餓。6. 形容詞的先后順序如果有兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時, 形容詞的先后順序由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面, 音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。為方便記憶，可記住一句話：美小圓新黃，法國木書房。限定詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞描繪性形容詞形狀、大小長短、高低年齡、新舊、溫度顏色國籍地區(qū)出處材料物質(zhì)目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecon

34、dthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical二 不定代詞不定代詞是不明確代替哪個具體名詞的代詞。常用的不定代詞有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。還有由some-, any-, no

35、-和every-合成的不定代詞。I. one 和ones 的用法。one/ones 指人或物，可作主語、表語和賓語。one 用來替代前面的單數(shù)名詞，ones用來替代前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。例如：I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我丟了舊的照相機(jī)，這個是新的 Red apples often taste better than green ones.紅蘋果比青蘋果甜。II. either, neither, both和all的用法。either 兩者中的任何一個neither 兩者都不both 兩者都，反義詞是neitherall 三者或以上都

36、，反義詞是none例如：There are a lot of trees on either side of the street. 路兩邊有很多樹。 Both of his parents are teachers. 他的父母都是老師。 All of the students are happy on Childrens Day. 所有的孩子兒童節(jié)都很開心。III. the other, another的用法。the other表示（兩者中的）另一個another 表示（三個或以上中的）另一個例如：I have two uncles. One is a policeman and the o

37、ther is a doctor. 我有兩個叔叔，一個是警察，另一個是醫(yī)生。 Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow. 這里有三個蘋果，一個是紅的，另外一個是青的，第三個是黃的。IV. others和the others的用法。others表示另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。the others表示所有其余的。例如: After class, some students are talking with each other, and others are playing gam

38、es. 下課后，一些同學(xué)正在聊天，另一些正在玩游戲。 I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and the others are blue. 我有十支筆，兩個是紅色的，其余的是藍(lán)色的。V. some和any的用法。some一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于否定句和一般疑問句中。例如: There are some apples in the box. 箱子里有些蘋果。 Do you have any water here? 這里有水嗎？疑問句一般不用some，只有當(dāng)表示邀請或期待對方做出肯定回答時才能用some。例如: Would you lik

39、e some coffee? 你想要來點咖啡嗎？any 用于肯定句，后面修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，表示“任一”。例如:The teacher likes any student in her class. 這個老師喜歡他班里的每一個學(xué)生。VI. (a)few和little的用法。few, little:幾乎沒有（否定語氣）a few, a little: 一些，少數(shù)（肯定語氣）few, a few指可數(shù)的事物，只能與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)搭配little, a little指不可數(shù)事物，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配例如:Lets buy some milk. There is little in the fridge

40、. 讓我們?nèi)ベI些牛奶，冰箱里沒有了。 He has a few friends. He often plays with them. 他有一些朋友并且經(jīng)常與他 們一起玩。VII. many 和much 的用法。many表示許多，指可數(shù)的事物，只能與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)搭配；much表示許多，指不可數(shù)的事物，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配。例如:Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many. 你想看看我的有票嗎？我有很多。 He doesnt know much about this company. 他對這個公司知道不是很多。VIII. some

41、-, any-, every-和no-可以分別和-thing, -body, -one構(gòu)成的合成不定代詞用法。1、 不定代詞的指代對象 1. 含-body的不定代詞和含-one的不定代詞只用來指人，含-body的不定代詞與含-one的不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。 例如：Someone/Somebody is crying in thr next room. 2. 含-thing的不定代詞只用來指事物。 例如：Are you going to buy anything? 二、不定代詞的所有格 1. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代詞可有所有格形式。 例如：Everybodys

42、business is bobodys business. 2. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代詞后跟else時，所有格應(yīng)該加在else之后。 例如：Can you remember anyone elses name? 3. 含-thing等指事物的不定代詞沒有所有格形式。 三、不定代詞的數(shù) 1. 不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看為第三人稱單數(shù)，當(dāng)它們作句子的主語時，其后面的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。 例如：Is everyone here today? Nothing is difficult. 2. 當(dāng)面對一群人時，可使用以不定代詞作主語的祈使句，句中的動詞用原型。 例如：No

43、body move. 四、不定代詞修飾形容詞放在形容詞前面。 例如：I have something important to tell you.Part Five Integrated skills重點全解1、 Put your goldfish in the sun.（P 99）in the sun意為“在陽光下”。例如：That boy is lying in the sun and listening to music. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2、 A goldfish can weigh up to 40 grams.（P 9

44、9）(1) weigh為動詞，意為“重；稱的重量”，其名詞形式為weight，意為“重量”。例如：How much does a parrot weigh?= Whats the weight of a parrot. If you want to know the weight of an orange, youd better weigh it first.(2) up to意為“達(dá)到，至多”。例如：Li Hong did his homework for up to three hours a day last summer holiday. I can take up to four

45、people in my car.3、 Goldfish are easy to look after.（P 99）be easy to do sth. 意為“易于做某事，做某事很容易”。例如：Its easy to keep a pet dog. Its not easy to learn English well.4、 Feed them once a day.（P 99）once為副詞，意為“一次”。例如：We have a class meeting once a week.twice意為“兩次”，表達(dá)三次及三次以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”，如three times意為“三次”。例如：

46、We have P.E. Lessons twice a week.5、 It was a talk about goldfish.（P 100）about此處用作介詞,意為“關(guān)于”。例如：This is a book about animals.辨析：about與on二者都表示“關(guān)于”，其區(qū)別為：用about時，表示內(nèi)容較普遍，不太正式；用on時，表示是嚴(yán)肅的，學(xué)術(shù)的，時供專門研究用的。例如：I like stories about fairy. I have some books on China.6、 Do they make any noise?（P 100）noise此處用作不可數(shù)名

47、詞，意為“聲音；噪音”，其形容詞形式為noisy，意為“吵鬧的，嘈雜的”。例如：Its too noisy. Dont make any noise.辨析：noise, sound與voice(1) noise常具有貶義，表示令人心煩的或不和諧的“嘈雜聲，噪音，響聲”。可以用a, some, any, much等詞修飾。例如：My neighbours dog often makes some noise. The noise woke me up.(2) sound泛指一切可以聽到的聲音。大自然的任何聲音都可以用sound。例如：At midnight he heard a strange

48、sound. Light travels much faster than sound.(3) voice表示“嗓音”，指人的說話聲或唱歌聲。例如：The boy has a beautiful voice. They are talking in low voices.7、 We only brush her fur every day.（P 100）(1) brush此處用作及物動詞，意為“刷；擦”。例如：We brush teeth every day. He brushed his coat clean. brush還可以用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“刷子”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為brushes.例如：T

49、here is a brush on the floor.(2) fur為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“（動物的）軟毛，毛皮”；fur作可數(shù)名詞時，意為“毛皮衣服”。例如：Hunters hunt animals for their fur.辨析：fur, hair, featherfur: 指動物的軟毛或毛皮hair: 指人的頭發(fā)feather: 指羽毛Part Six Task1、 My favourite pet is a cat.（P 102）favourite在此處為形容詞，意為“最喜歡的”，相當(dāng)于like.best。例如：Which is your favourite star?= Which star do you like best?2、She likes warm milk too.（P 102）句中的too是副詞，意為“也，并且；還”，通常用于肯定句中，常用于句子末尾，也可以置于句首，跟在主語之后，常用逗號隔開。例如：She can sing too. You, too, may have a try. also通常用于主要動詞之前，但若主要動詞是be動詞，則置于其后。例如：They also agree with me. She is also American. ei