高中英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)講義及習(xí)題

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一。動(dòng)詞的分類及形式：（一）根據(jù)用法： 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞: 后必須直接加賓語； 不及物動(dòng)詞：不能直接加賓語。系動(dòng)詞：后加表語。助動(dòng)詞：基本助動(dòng)詞：用來構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，本身無具體意義。 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞：本身有詞匯意義，后加動(dòng)詞原形。（除ought to）（一） 根據(jù)語法作用：謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。1. 謂語動(dòng)詞：在句中作謂語，形式上要與句中主語在_,_ 和_上保持一致。He wants to buy a new bicycle.2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞：_,_,_,_.不能單獨(dú)作謂語，作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語。He wants to buy a new bicycle.Im s

2、orry for having to bother you.(三) 動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形單數(shù)第三人稱過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workputdo二動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語的時(shí)態(tài)有：現(xiàn)在、過去、將來、過去將來。從方式上看，英語時(shí)態(tài)又有：一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。共有16種時(shí)態(tài)。以work為例。現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行（一） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1. 表習(xí)慣性，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。我通常9點(diǎn)睡覺。_.常用的時(shí)間狀語：always, often, sometimes, every day, noe and then.2. 表主語的特征、性格或感覺、狀態(tài)：全世界男女老少都喜愛

3、運(yùn)動(dòng)：_.3. 表客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 中國位于亞洲東部。_. 光比聲音傳的快。_.4. 表按規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的未來動(dòng)作，只限于 go, come, leave,start, stay, return, begin 等動(dòng)詞。二月五號(hào)開學(xué)。_.飛機(jī)15點(diǎn)零5 起飛。_.會(huì)議明天上午9點(diǎn)開始。_.5. 在when, before, until, if, as soon as 引導(dǎo)表將來行為的狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如果明天天晴，我們就去游覽長(zhǎng)城。_.當(dāng)你碰見他時(shí)，叫他到我家來。_.他一到，你就給我打電話。_.(二)一般過去時(shí)：1.過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：剛才你在哪？_.他進(jìn)

4、來時(shí)我看見他了。_.2.過去某一段時(shí)間里反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。During his middle school years, he _ football nearly every day.3. 表主語過去的特征或性格。那時(shí)她英語說的很好。_.4. 有些情況，發(fā)生時(shí)間沒清楚表明，但實(shí)際上是過去發(fā)生的，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。我沒想到你這么忙。_.我沒想到在這兒碰到你。_.5. 一般過去時(shí)可與today, this week, this month 等連用：我今天見到他了。_.這星期她遲到了3次。_.（三）一般將來時(shí)：1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表明確打算或確信會(huì)發(fā)生。1）表現(xiàn)在打算或計(jì)劃將

5、來要做的事。I _ _ _ _ to Henry this evening.They _ _ _ _a meeting to discuss it.2) 表根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。天看上去要下雨。_.這根繩子馬上就要斷了。_.2.be to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表安排好要發(fā)生或命令做什么。1） 表預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。星期六晚上將有一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)。_.展覽會(huì)將在一周后開幕。_.2） 表說話人的意志，意圖，職責(zé)，義務(wù)，命令。We are to take care of all these children.No one is to leave the room without permis

6、sion.3)表注定要發(fā)生的事。 他的計(jì)劃是注定要失敗的。_.3. be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形， 表“正要干某事，即將要做某事”會(huì)議就要開始。_.注意：be about to do 不可和具體的將來時(shí)間狀語連用；常和as 和when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。They are about to leave this afternoon.( )& They are about to leave.（ ）She _ _ _ go to the cinema _ I came.As I came, she was about to go to the cinema.(一) 過去將來時(shí)：1. 構(gòu)

7、成： would/ should+ 動(dòng)詞原形。( should 用于第一人稱)2. 用法：1）He said he would go to the north for the holiday.I told her I should ( would) return the book in afew days.2) was/ were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：過去曾打算或計(jì)劃要做某事She said she was going to to buy a new bike.3） was/ were + 動(dòng)詞不定式: 表過去計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事。He said he was to finish

8、the work in a week.4） was/ were + about + 動(dòng)詞不定式：表即將要發(fā)生的事。The bus was about to start. I was about to go out when the telephone rang.(二) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am, is ,are + 現(xiàn)在分詞1. 說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：我們正在上英語課。_.2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：他正在翻譯一本書。_.3. go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose 用進(jìn)行時(shí)表預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。我舅舅就要從國外回來了。_.火車就要

9、到了。_.4. 表反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與 always, forever, constantly, all the time 連用，常表不滿 抱怨贊賞。She is always finding fault with others. John is always thinking of others.注意：表“感情，感覺，存在，從屬，思維”等動(dòng)詞，常不用于被動(dòng)態(tài)。表感官： see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem表感情： hate, love, like, want, wish表存在狀態(tài)： be, exist, stay, remain表占有與從屬： have, pos

10、sess, belong, consist(三) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：This time yesterday, they were having lunch.He was coughing the whole night.(四) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has +動(dòng)詞原形。表某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。China has already made great progress in science and technology.從中學(xué)起，我們就是好朋友。_.（八）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： have/ has been + doing,表從過去某時(shí)開始一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。他

11、畢業(yè)后一直在教英語。_.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：完成時(shí)表 動(dòng)作完成，著重結(jié)果。完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 表動(dòng)作完成，但強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。I have watered the flowers. I have been watering the flowers.(九) 過去完成時(shí)： had + 過去分詞。表過去的過去。 She _ _ 2000 English words by the end of last month.The train _ already _ when I _ to the station.He asked who _ _ the window.I found the pen w

12、hich I _ _.Mean, hope, intend want, think 的過去完成時(shí)可表示一個(gè)本打算做而沒做的事。我本想來，但下雨了。_.我本希望再見他一面。_.(十) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： had been + doing.表動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始，到過去某一時(shí)間仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛結(jié)束。他去上海之前，一直住在這兒。_.(十一) 將來完成時(shí)： shall/ will + have + done: 將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作，對(duì)將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。我將在本周末前讀完這本書。_.注意： wii have done 有時(shí)表揣測(cè)。They will have received my letter

13、 by now.(十二) 過去完成將來時(shí)： would/ should have done 從過去某時(shí)看來在將來某事會(huì)完成。He said he _ _ _ it by 6 oclock.She hoped that we _ _ _ everything ready before she came back.三動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)：主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者。我們尊敬老師。_.老師受到我們的尊敬。_.(一) 構(gòu)成： 助動(dòng)詞 be + 過去分詞。(二)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的問題：1.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)：不可去掉后面的介詞。那位老人常受人嘲笑。

14、_.時(shí)間一定要充分利用。_.那計(jì)劃就要被他們放棄了。_.2.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞必須阻止他去。_.計(jì)劃必須盡早執(zhí)行。_.(三)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：1. 句子謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)：Something happened to him. He is a teacher.2.動(dòng)詞have雖及物, 但不用于被動(dòng)語I have a new radio. We have a very good time here.3.謂語動(dòng)詞表示情況或狀況：This shirt fits you well. I lack words with which to express m

15、y thanks.這類動(dòng)詞有：contain. Equal, fit, hold , join ,lack, mean , suit , look like , consist of, become of, belong to ;5.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義：open, shut, wear, sell, wash, write, read.這門打不開。_.這種布很耐洗、耐穿。_.你的筆寫起來很順滑。_.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1.Well go swimming if the weather _fine tomorrow.A. is B.was C. will be D.is goi

16、ng to be 2.It _ five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. have been C.is D.is going to be3.Please dont leave the office until your friend _ back.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come4.By the end of last year he _ about 1500 English words.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned5.Li

17、sten ! Someone _in the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried 6.You must tell him the news as soon as you _him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing7.He told me that he_to see us the next day. A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he _ home.A. is

18、going B. went C. has come D. would come9.The teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be10.Could you tell me where the railway station _ ?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be11.We _to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have bee

19、n12.It seemed that the old man _ for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked13.He was sure that he _ his wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left14.You must study hard if you _ want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt15. -Im af

20、raid you cant sit here .-Sorry , I _know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt16. As she _the newspaper , Granny _ asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading , fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell17. -_my glasses ? -Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Wo

21、uld you see D. Have you seen18. -Jim is not coming tonight . -But he _ !A. promises（許諾） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised19. -Whats her name? -I _ .A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting20.You_ your turn so youll have to wait.A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had

22、 missed動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)能力綜合測(cè)試1.He often_ his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash2.Im Chinese. Where _ from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming3.Mary _ to school.A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking4.We will start as soon as our

23、 teacher _.A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming5.How long ago _playing football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop6.It _hard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain7.I think this question _to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was e

24、asy D. will easy8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father_.A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept9.How many people does the doctor know who _ of the disease (疾病)？A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies10.I _ my homework now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished11.It _ ten ye

25、ars since his father died. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be 2.He _for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army13.His grandfather _for thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died14.I _from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. h

26、ave not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear15.Maths , one of the most important subjects_always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is 16.-Did your brother go to America last year? -_ .A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , hes never be

27、en there17.He_that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to18.Since ten years ago great changes _ in China.A. happened B. have been happened C. have happened D. are taken place19.Our teacher_to Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been20.I

28、ts the third time you_late this week.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive21._the film since I came here.A. Ive seen B. I will see C. I would see D. I see 22.Last week John _ his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken23.Jack _his thick coat be

29、cause it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on24.He _the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged25.Next month_twenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be26.You _her again in a few weeks.A. will see

30、 B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen27.My parents _me to be a doctor.A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes28.It_hard when we left.A. is raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining29. By the end of last term we _English for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D

31、. had studied 30.She said that she_there for five years .A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked31.Mrs Brown _in New York for three years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live32.When we arrived , the dinner_.A. already began B. has already begun C. ha

32、d already begun D. was just begun33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I _ my exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished34.When _ Ill talk to him.A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come35.My sister _ to see me . Shell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came36.They said they _ our answer the next day .A. had heard B. would hear of C.