動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納

1、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納,一、動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的形式 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：to have done,1.作主語(yǔ) A. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： (1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gives us much help in the study of sience. B. 不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“It is + 形容詞(+for sb.)不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is impossible for him to give

2、 up smoking.,二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法,2.作賓語(yǔ),A動(dòng)詞后直接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句型為“主語(yǔ)+find (feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容詞/名詞+to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing

3、 to the teacher. I find it interesting to work with him.,C動(dòng)詞不定式還可以用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，但僅限于介詞except和but（除了）。 常用句型有： There is nothing to do but+動(dòng)詞原形 do nothing but+動(dòng)詞（除做.之外別無(wú)選擇） can but+動(dòng)詞原形 （只能原形(“只有做) have no choice but to do ，只得） cannot help/choose but+動(dòng)詞原形(不能不）,3作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，一是主語(yǔ)有不定式充當(dāng)；二是主語(yǔ)由抽象名詞充當(dāng)。 To te

4、ach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. 【注意】如果在主語(yǔ)中（通常在主語(yǔ)從句或修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中）又實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.,4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞（let, have， make ）后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但這類(lèi)句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。 I sa

5、w him play in the park. He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. Those men were made to work day and night.,5.定語(yǔ),1、不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如名詞為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系； 若名詞為邏輯賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系； He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth 2、作

6、定語(yǔ)的不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞上加上一個(gè)介詞，如; He has a nice pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.,6.作狀語(yǔ),不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。 如; Im very glad to hear the news. （原因) 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？膳cto, to order to, so as to 連用。 He got up early so as not to be late. 不定式可以跟在表語(yǔ)的形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)。 The question is difficult to answer.。 有些不定式短語(yǔ)可以做獨(dú)立成份，通常放在句首，有時(shí)置于句中或句未，須用逗號(hào)的開(kāi)。,不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用如下句型,Too + 形容詞/副詞 + to do sth 名詞/ 形容詞/副詞 + enough + to do sth