英語(yǔ)中的十六種時(shí)態(tài).docx

1、英語(yǔ)中的十六種時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在 do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing過去didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing 將來shall/will doshall/will be doingshall/will have doneshall/will have been doing過去將來should/would doshould/would be doingshould/would have doneshould/would have been doing一、一般

2、現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;和事實(shí)真理2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): always, usually, often, sometimes, everyweek (day,year, month), once a week(day,year, month), on Sundays( on Mondays),3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞原形(如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用 doesnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句

3、首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句: It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人 Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯二、一般過去時(shí)1.概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week , last year , night , month . ) , in 1 9

4、8 9 , just now at the age of 5 , one day , long long ago , once upon a time3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句: She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。 i didn t know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙三、一般將來

5、時(shí)1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): Tomorrow, next day(week, month,year) soon , in a few minutes , by , the day after tomorrow , etc .3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+ going to+do+其它;主語(yǔ)+wi1l/ shall+do+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+am/is/ are not going to do;主語(yǔ)+will/ shall not do+其它5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;wi1l/sha1l提到句首。首字母大寫 6 .例句 :

6、they are going to have a competition with us in studies It is going to rain.天要下雨了四、一般過去將1.概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): The next day( morning ,year),the following month(week),etc3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+Was/were+ going to+do+其它;主語(yǔ)+ would/ should+do+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+ going to+do;主語(yǔ)+ would/ should5.一般

7、疑問句:was或were放于句首; would/ should提到句首6.例句: He said he would go to beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。 asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Now, at this time,days,etc.look, listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+be+ doing+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be+ not + doing+其它5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句: How are you feeli

8、ng today?你今天感覺如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/ were + doing+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+Was/were+not+ doing+其它5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)6.例句: At that time she was working in a

9、pla unit.那段時(shí)間她在人民解放軍部隊(duì)工作。 When he came in, i was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來時(shí),我正在讀報(bào)紙。七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始,并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來表示詢問、請(qǐng)求等。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time , in two days , tomorrow evening3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ shall/will+be+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它4否定形式:主語(yǔ)+ shall/wi1l+not+be+現(xiàn)在分詞

10、+其它5.例句: This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個(gè)時(shí)間,他們正坐在電影院。 He won t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會(huì)了。八、過去將來進(jìn)1.概念:表示就過去某一時(shí)間而言,將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中,尤其多用于間接引語(yǔ)中2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): should/ would+be+現(xiàn)在分詞3.例句: They said they would be coming他們說了他們將要來。 He said he could not come because he

11、would be having a meeting .他說他不能來因?yàn)橐_會(huì)九、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yet, already,just, never,ever, so far, by now,S1nce+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段, recently, lately,ln the past few years , etc .3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+p.p(過去分詞)+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它5.一般疑問句:have或has放句首。6

12、.例句: Ive written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化十、過去完成時(shí)1.概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): Before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+pp(過去分詞)+其它4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+had+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。6.

13、例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時(shí)候,火車已經(jīng)開走了。 By the end of last month , we had reviewed four books .到上個(gè)月底,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。7.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它一般疑問句:Had+主語(yǔ)+p.p(過去分詞)+其它特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句十一、將來完成時(shí)1.概念:在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)2.時(shí)間

14、狀語(yǔ): by the time of; by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(將來); by the time+從句(將來)3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ be going to/will/ shall+have+p.p(過去分詞)+其它4.例句：by the time you get back , great changes will have taken place in this area .到你回來的時(shí)候,就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。十二、過去將來完成時(shí)1.概念:表示在過去某一時(shí)間對(duì)將來某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): should/ would hav

15、e done sth3.例句: i thought you d have left by this time.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o clock .他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完十三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1概念:表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+ doing+其它3時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。4. 例子: i have been sitting here for an hour

16、.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)。 The children have been watching tv since six o clock .從6點(diǎn)起,孩子們一直看電視14、 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念:表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+been+ doing+其它3.例子: She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam。她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time

17、 ?他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?4.特殊含義:尚未完成: He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)企圖: He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)。(他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它)未得結(jié)果: We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解）最近情況: He had been quarreling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場(chǎng)架。(最近)反復(fù)動(dòng)作: He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)情緒: What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐煩）十五、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間是否繼續(xù)下去,要視上下文而定。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): shall/ will have been doing3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year .到今年年底,我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了。If we d