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1、中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞副詞用法專題精講 形容詞-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對形容詞的考查涉及形容詞原級,比較級和最高級的各種句型、形容詞作定語的位置、易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等。其中,形容詞比較等級句型、形容詞修飾不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing時的位置,易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、形容詞的一般用法1.作定語,一般放在所修飾詞的前面。例如,its a cold and windy day.2.作表語,放在系動詞的后面。例如,he looks happy today.3.形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,every

2、thing等復(fù)合不定代詞時,須放在其后。例如,would you like something hot to drink? 4.表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞,應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。例如,how long is the river? its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表語的形容詞:afraid害怕;alone獨(dú)自的;asleep睡著的;awake醒著的;alive活著的;well健康的;ill病的;例如,the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(誤)6.只能作定語的形容詞:little小的;only唯一的

3、;wooden木質(zhì)的;woolen羊毛質(zhì)的;elder年長的例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (誤)7.貌似副詞的形容詞:lonely獨(dú)自的;friendly友好的;lively生動的;lovely可愛的8.復(fù)合形容詞:snow-white雪白的 english-speaking說英語的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known眾所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以帶走的;ten-year-old十歲的。二、多個形容詞修

4、飾名詞時,其順序為:限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,長幼,顏色)出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞a small round table一張小圓桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black shirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣a famous american medical school一個非常著名的美國醫(yī)學(xué)院三、形容詞常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。注意:這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好

5、的),polite(有禮貌的),clever(聰明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懶惰的),careful(細(xì)心的),careless(粗心的),right(正確的),wrong(錯誤的)等。例如,its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我,真好。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說怎么樣”。注意:這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),hard(艱難的),dan

6、gerous(危險的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒適的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對于他們來說學(xué)好一門外語不容易。3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞,如glad(高興的),pleased(高興的),sad(憂傷的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如,glad to see you.見到你非常高興。im

7、 very sad to hear the bad news.聽到這個壞新聞,我非常難過。副詞-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對副詞的考查涉及常用副詞的用法、副詞等級的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中,頻度副詞always,often,usually,sometimes,never,時間副詞already,yet,still,just,疑問副詞how,why,when,where,程度副詞enough,quite以及too,also,either等的用法區(qū)別,副詞比較等級句型是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義可分為:方式副詞:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly

8、程度副詞:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地點(diǎn)副詞:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,時間副詞:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still頻度副詞:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副詞:no,not,neither,nor,疑問副詞:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副詞的基本用法:副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類,表示時間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。例如,1.we shou

9、ld listen to our teachers carefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。2.he is very happy today.他今天非常高興。3.“what happened?”I asked,rather angrily.“發(fā)生什么事情了?”我相當(dāng)生氣地問。4. in spring ,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到處都能看到花。三、常見副詞用法辨析1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中,表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“還”,用于疑問句句末,表示“已經(jīng)”例如,he had already left wh

10、en i called.當(dāng)我給他打電話時,他已經(jīng)離開了。have you found your ruler yet?你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎?i havent finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意:already還可以表示驚奇,驚訝等語氣,常用于疑問句句末例如:has your son gone to school already?你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)了嗎?(表示很驚訝)3.so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such 修飾名詞,例如,my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上

11、他。he is such a boy.他是一個這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.例如,he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一個如此聰明的孩子。如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many,few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much,little修飾,用so不用such.例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞4.also,too,as well與either 的區(qū)別also,as

12、well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be動詞,情態(tài)動詞,助動詞之后,行為動詞之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老師,我媽媽也是。i cant speak french. jenny cant speak frenc

13、h,either.我不會說法語,詹妮也不會。5.sometime,sometimes,some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime:某一時間,某一時刻,可指將來時,也可指過去時sometimes:有時,不時的some time:一段時間some times:幾次,幾倍. 例如,well have a test sometime next month.下個月的某一時間,我們要進(jìn)行一次測試。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有時我們很忙,有時不忙。he stayed in beijing for some time la

14、st year.他去年在北京呆了一段時間。i have been to beijing some times.我去過北京好幾次。7.now,just與just now的區(qū)別now:與一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用,意為“現(xiàn)在”just:與現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時連用,表示“剛”just now:和過去時連用,表示“剛才”. 例如,where does he live now?他現(xiàn)在住哪里?we have just seen the film. 我們剛看過這場電影。he was here just now. 他剛才在這里。形容詞,副詞的比較級、最高級一、規(guī)則變化1.一般在詞尾直接加er或e

15、st,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫這個輔音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級和most構(gòu)成最高級,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautifu

16、l-most beautiful二、不規(guī)則變化一、原級的用法2.原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如,tom is as old as kate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。tom is twice as old as kate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍?!凹?實意動詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如,tom runs as fast as mike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。tom runs twice as fast as mike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍。(2)“甲+

17、be+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,this room is not as/so big as that one. 這個房間不如那個大?!凹?助動詞+not+動詞原形+as/so+副詞原級+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,he doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。二、比較級的用法1.可以修飾比較級的詞,much,a lot,far,的多a little,a bit,一點(diǎn)兒even甚至,still仍然2.比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+形容詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩纾瑃om is taller th

18、an kate.湯姆比凱特高?!凹?實意動詞+副詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩纾琲 got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。例如,look at the two boys.my brother is the taller of the two.看那兩個男孩,我弟弟是兩個當(dāng)中較高的那個。(4)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。例如,he is getting taller and taller.他變得越來

19、越高了。the flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。(5)“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越,越”。例如,the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越認(rèn)真,犯的錯誤越少。(6)“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級,甲o(hù)r乙?”例如,which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一個大,地球還是月球?“特殊疑問詞+實意動詞+副詞比較級,甲o(hù)r乙?”例如,who draws better,jenny or danny?誰畫得比較好,詹妮還是丹

20、尼?3.最高級常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。例如,tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。this apple is the biggest of the five.這個蘋果是五個當(dāng)中最大的?!爸髡Z+實意動詞+(the)+副詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。例如,i jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠(yuǎn)的。(2)“主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)

21、名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最之一”。例如,beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中國最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比較。例如,which country is the largest,china,brazil or canada?哪一個國家最大,中國,巴西還是加拿大?“特殊疑問詞+be+the+副詞最高級+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比較例如,which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜

22、歡哪一個季節(jié),春天,夏天還是秋天?-例題剖析1 i have_to do today.a.anything importantb.something importantc.important nothingd.important something答案b形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時應(yīng)放在其后面。故排除c、d,句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”,表示肯定用something。2 is chemistry more difficult than physics?no,chemistry isnt as_as physics.a.easyb.difficultc.easierd.moredifficult

23、答案b(not)asas中應(yīng)接形容詞原級,結(jié)合上句“化學(xué)沒有物理難”,故b是正確的。3.beijing is becoming_and_.a.more beautiful,moreb.beautiful,beautifulc.more,more beautifuld.more beautiful,more beautiful答案c比較級+and+比較級,表示“越來越”,多音節(jié)的形容詞“more and more+形容詞”。4._ children there are in a family,_their life will be.a.the less,the betterb.the fewer

24、,the betterc.fewer,richerd.more,poorer答案bthe+比較級,the+比較級,表示“越越”,由句意得知“家里孩子越少,生活會越好”。children是可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用few來修飾。5.the experiment was _ easier than we had expected.a.moreb.muchmorec.muchd.moremuch答案c much可修飾比較級,easier本身已是比較級,不能再用more.6 oct 15th was one of _ days in 2003.the shenzhou-v was sent up successf

25、ully.a.excitingb.more excitingc.the most excitingd.much exciting答案c根據(jù)“one of+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”固定句型應(yīng)選c。7.its seven oclock in the afternoon,but they are _ having a meeting.aalreadyb.stillc.yetd.ever答案bstill意為“仍舊,仍然”,這句話的意思是:現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是下午七點(diǎn),他們?nèi)耘f在開會。8.remember not to speak _ when we are in the reading room.a.fastb.sl

26、owlyc.politelyd.loudly答案d“在閱覽室里不要大聲說話”,副詞loudly修飾動詞speak.9.“_ has this food store been in business?”“since 2001.”a.how longb.how oftenc.how oldd.how soon答案a“since+過去時間點(diǎn)”為“從過去的某一時間到現(xiàn)在”,表示一段時間,故選“how long”.10.what was the weather like yesterday?it was terrible.it rained so _ that people could _ go out

27、.a.hardlyhardb.hardlyhardlyc.hardhardlyd.hardhard答案crain在句中是動詞,作謂語,后面用副詞修飾,hard作副詞,是“猛烈地”的意思,hardly是“幾乎不”的意思。-同步練習(xí)1.what a _ cough!you seem_ill.a.terrible,terriblyb.terribly,terriblec.terrible,terribled.terribly,terribly2.i feel even_now.a.badb.wellc.worsed.worst3.she was very happy. she ran_of all

28、the runners.a.fastestb.the quickestc.slowestd.quickly4.keep quiet,please.its_noisy here.a.many toob.too manyc.much tood.too much5.have you _ spoken to a foreigner?no,_.a.already,neverb.ever,neverc.yet,alreadyd.ever,ever6.he is taller than_in his class.a.any boyb.anyc.any other boyd.some other boys7.

29、ill go and visit you _ next week.a.sometimeb.sometimesc.some timesd.some time8.the car is running_.it seems to be flying.a.more and fasterb.more and fastc.fast and fastd.faster and faster9.english is as _ as chinese.you should learn it well.a.importantb.more importantc.the most importantd.much more important10.music is not so useful as science.its _ useful than sci

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