高考英語(yǔ)特殊句式

1、 高考英語(yǔ)特殊句式 2012,11，28 一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who原句其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為“人”時(shí)用who/that，否則都用that。 注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. Its me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考點(diǎn)一】考查not . until 結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為It is

2、/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasn t until; that【考點(diǎn)二】考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?_ he came back home t

3、hat we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was【考點(diǎn)三】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問(wèn)詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+it +is/was +that+其他部分。 Where was it that you met the Frenchman? _ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Why was it that B. Why

4、is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that【難點(diǎn)一】正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?【難點(diǎn)二】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was+時(shí)間+when/before從句；It be+時(shí)間+since從句；It be long.before.等句型的區(qū)別。It was at midnight _ I got back h

5、ome yesterday. It was midnight _ I got back home yesterdayIt is two years _ I began to learn English. It may be many years_ the situation improves.二倒裝定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。1）Up went the rocket into the air. 2）Such would be our home in

6、 the future.3）On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 4）Here comes the bus. 部分倒裝：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。1）Only in this way can you solve this problem. 2）No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.3）So unreasonable was his price that everybody star

7、tled形式倒裝：在語(yǔ)法上又被稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。1）What an interesting talk they had! 2）The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.3）Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.【考點(diǎn)一】部分倒裝(1)句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞（組）或半否定詞（組）的句子。這類詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, sc

8、arcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等。 Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，only修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝。 Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(4)“ne

9、ither/nor助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”； “so助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示“某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用下面兩個(gè)句型：It is the same with.或So it is with.。 Eg：Jack is a student and he studies hard. It is the same with Tom.“so主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示“某人或某事確實(shí)如此”。 I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So you di

10、d.(5)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were, had，should時(shí), 可省略if, 再把were, should或had移到從句句首。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!【考點(diǎn)二】完全倒裝(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。There exist different opinions on this question.(2)“Here/The

11、re/Now/Then+come (或be等)+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而There be句型中there本身沒(méi)意義。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus.此句型中的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。 There she comes.(3)表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)用部分倒裝。In came Mr White. Away went the boy. Out she went.(4)表示

12、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house等)放在句首時(shí)，要全部倒裝。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(6)其他形式的完全倒裝。Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. Ea

13、st of the city lies a new railway. First to be completed was the seven- storey teaching building. Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. 三省略省略句是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時(shí)出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”。其特點(diǎn)是：雖然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。

14、省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷?！究键c(diǎn)一】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且在謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be，引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I

15、 heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.【考點(diǎn)二】不定式符號(hào)to的省略感官實(shí)義動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch等和使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, let等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 省略不定式to；do nothing but, cant (help/choose) but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式；在口語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可

16、以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形而只保留 不定式符號(hào) to。但to后如有be，have 則保留。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want_ . Are you a sailor?No, but I used_ .【考點(diǎn)三】替代詞so/not的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容

17、?？膳cbelieve, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, Im afraid, if等連用。否定時(shí)hope與guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think, believe, suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I dont think so。Will you be able to finish your report today? I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, ar

18、e they? I guess not. 四反義疑問(wèn)句反義疑問(wèn)句即附加疑問(wèn)句，是對(duì)陳述句所表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的句子。反義疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成：前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。1.祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句用will you表示 “請(qǐng)求”，或用wont you 表示提醒對(duì)方注意； 在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。Look at the blackboard, will you/wont you?2.Lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示“建議”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用shall we。 Lets go home, shall we/shant we/may I? Let me/us have

19、 a try, will you/wont you?Dont forget, will you? 3.感嘆句用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式What fine weather, isnt it? 4.主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one時(shí) ，主語(yǔ)可以用one，也可用he(美式英語(yǔ)) One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 5.含有否定詞：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定He is never late for school, is h

20、e? He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? 6.含的否定詞是通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成 ，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu) It is unfair, isnt it?7.主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含I think /believe/suppose.that. 結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致。 They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they? I dont think he will come, will he? I suppo

21、se (that) he is serious, isnt he? 8.并列句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定I wont go there, but he will go instead, wont he? 9.there be句型用thereThere was a hospital here, wasnt there? 10.含有had better用hadntWe had better go there at once, hadnt we?11.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，must表示“必須”，反意疑問(wèn)句部分為mustnt.? /neednt.? must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分與must后面的動(dòng)

22、詞呼應(yīng)。 We mustnt be late, must we? Y ou must go home now, neednt you? /mustnt you? Tom must be at home now，isnt he? 12. 含used to表示“過(guò)去常常”，didnt+主語(yǔ)或usednt+主語(yǔ) He used to live in China, usednt /didnt he?13. would rather/like to+v.wouldnt+主語(yǔ)He would rather stay at home, wouldnt he?五There be 句型There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要

23、用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)”,其基本句型為“There be+某物或某人+某地或某時(shí)”,其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞，沒(méi)有詞義；be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“某人或某物”是句子的主語(yǔ);“某地或某時(shí)”作句子的狀語(yǔ),多為介詞短語(yǔ)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：There is a flower in the bottle. There are four chairs and a small bed in the room. 特殊結(jié)構(gòu) ：1.在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與there連用，如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand,

24、lie, arise等。 There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War. There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter. 2. there+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”、“可能”、“必然”或“過(guò)去習(xí)慣存在”等。 There might be

25、 some desserts if you wait a bit. There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. 3. there to be 或there+being形式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。 We expect there to be no objections. There being no buses， we had to walk home .【考點(diǎn)一】There be句型的主謂一致當(dāng)There be 后面的名詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要遵循“就近一致”原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen and two book