名詞性從句講解公開課..ppt

1、noun clause 名詞性從句,第一輪復(fù)習(xí),Noun Clause: Functions as a NOUN in a sentence,Question: What is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名詞在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分,Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power . 3.We Chinese are peace- loving,subject,object,

2、predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,What are noun clauses? His story is interesting. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The ide

3、a that we go there is good,Subject clause Object clause Object clause after a preposition Predictive clause Appositive clause,什么叫名詞性從句,在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses） 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句 noun clause,主語(yǔ)從句 subject clause,賓語(yǔ)從句 obj

4、ect clause,表語(yǔ)從句 predicative clause,同位語(yǔ)從句 appositive clause,What kind of clauses are they,What the driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry. Why she did this is still unknown. Its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes. Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift,That

5、s why I cant follow you. The problem is that its very hard to catch your words. The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised. There is no doubt that it will rain tomorrow,Im not sure whether you would like it or not. She felt very surprised that I finished it all by myself. I have no

6、idea where he is. Please tell us the truth how many people were drowned in the flood,The novel tells that the truth always takes the side of the majority of people. I cant explain why he behaves like that. How he finished doing that is not important. Where we will go hasnt been decided yet,名詞性從句中的連接

7、詞有: 連詞: that / whether / as if(though); 連接代詞: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 連接副詞: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever,連詞: 引導(dǎo)從句，但在從句中不作成分 that ：無(wú)詞義，不作成分，起連接作用 whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起連接作用 If只用于賓從中 as if(though)：“好象”只連接表語(yǔ)從句 連接代詞：引導(dǎo)從句，并在從句中作成分 What（ever）

8、：（無(wú)論）什么，作主，賓，表，定語(yǔ) which（ever）：（無(wú)論）哪一個(gè)（些）作主，賓，表，定語(yǔ) Who（ever） ： “（無(wú)論）誰(shuí)（主格）”作主，賓 Whom（ever ）：“ （無(wú)論）誰(shuí)（賓格）”作賓 whose （ever ）：“（無(wú)論）誰(shuí)的，作定,連接副詞: 引導(dǎo)從句，作狀語(yǔ) When （ever） ：“什么時(shí)候” 作狀語(yǔ) where ：“什么地方” how ：怎樣 why ：為什么 從句中用陳述句序：疑問詞+陳述句語(yǔ)序,Finish exercise on page 9(textbook): underline all the noun clauses you can find,

9、1） 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有3種,That + 陳述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all,b. if/whether + 陳述句 No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident,c. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for,名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納,一、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序,1) that 和whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句,She sensed something. A tall man in a da

10、rk coat was staring at her She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat,She wondered. Would the buses still be running? She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running,2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句也要求使用陳述句 語(yǔ)序，不能用一般疑問句（倒裝）語(yǔ)序,他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How

11、 he was successful is still a puzzle. (,你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live?(,F,T,T,F,1. 主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分,1). he will succeed is certain . 2) he will go there is not known . 3) he said is not true . 4) he hid the money is to be found out . 5) comes

12、 is welcome. 6) Its certain he will succeed,7) we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting,8) theyll start the project has not been decided yet,That,Whether,What,Where,Whoever,that,How,When,由 that 引導(dǎo): 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的) 3. _ is a pity. (你錯(cuò)過了

13、這次機(jī)會(huì)) that 無(wú)意義, 后接一個(gè)完整的句子. that 不可省,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,考點(diǎn)一:主語(yǔ)從句后置! 為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ). 例: That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pit

14、y. - 由連詞 whether 和 if, 連接代詞 what,who,which 和連接副詞 when,where,why,how 等引導(dǎo).也 常常后置,It is a pity that you missed the chance,Its known to all that the earth is round,It doesnt matter if/whether he is a foreigner. It is a question whether he is willing to come. It is unknown how she has reduced her weight

15、in such a short time,It 的用法： （形式主語(yǔ)） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道 Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that顯然、明顯、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無(wú)疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying.（俗

16、話說(shuō),It is well known /reported / thought/said that It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtfulthat It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that,考點(diǎn)二 注意：主語(yǔ)從句中 ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù) What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定 What he needs _is_ that book. What he needs _are_ some books,賓語(yǔ)

17、從句,賓語(yǔ)從句：1.從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（ 可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞，不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)） 連詞：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how 1). They know that the habit will kill them. 2).It all depends on whether they will support us . 3) I am afraid that he didnt call me . 4).He made it clear to

18、the public that he did an important and necessary job . 5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework,用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing,whether/if,whether,whether,1).whether和if都

19、可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if. eg: I dont know whether I will stay or not. b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling,2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別,1. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 2. _ they can do it matters little to us. 3._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without yo

20、u,whether,Whether,If,2).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留 a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that 從句(真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents. b.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語(yǔ)從句中,第二個(gè)that 不省略. eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he woul

21、d come on time,3. 時(shí)態(tài)一致（主從句中一致） 1）.當(dāng)從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)，真理，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2）在“命令，要求，建議”等相關(guān)詞后的名詞性從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（suggest.advise,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),1. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ) 可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài). a .他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的. He believes _ . b .請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Please tell me _,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this t

22、ime yesterday,2. 如果主句謂語(yǔ)是過去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過去的 某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī) 律等時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。 He told me _ . 他說(shuō)他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _. 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。 The teacher tells us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line,1.

23、 The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music. 2. My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience. 3. The question is _ he will be present or not. 4. What troubled him was _ he could get the money,The predicative clause is also easy,that,that,whether,whether /where /how,3. 表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后. 作用：對(duì)

24、主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引導(dǎo) 表語(yǔ)從句) 連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late,beca

25、use, as if 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句: 1. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. 2. It looks _ its going to rain again. True or False: Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. Her suggestion is that we do it by turns,because,as if,4 同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；

26、news 等）后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明,同位語(yǔ)從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether,1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them,3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to ma

27、ke sure of her happiness,三、同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別,1.同位語(yǔ)從句的格式：n.+ 連接詞 + 從句2.能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用 whether, what, when, where 等來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many

28、 suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win,that/ whether / where/ how,where,how,that,that,whether,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot,2.The Queen

29、of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China,4.Time travel is possible./ There is n

30、o scientific proof for the idea,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt

31、 spend too much time online,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school,引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,分析下列賓語(yǔ)從句中的連詞,I dont doubt （that ）you will succeed. I dont know

32、 whether/if he will come tonight. I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise,3個(gè)句子中的連詞that, whether, if （是否）在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔(dān)任成分,被稱為連接詞 注意：a. that 本身無(wú)意義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether 可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if 僅可以用于賓語(yǔ)從句,連接詞,注 意,在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能

33、用“If”。 一般情況下，“that”不能省。引導(dǎo)多個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句“that”可以省 It is /was because . 這是因?yàn)?It is /was why. 這就是為什么 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /why,that,另外，在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題,填空:1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent is _

34、 he was ill,reason 后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用why 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo),綜合運(yùn)用,The earth is round, _ is known to everybody,as/which,2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round,As,3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody,That,4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round,It,5. Ever

35、ybody knows _ the earth is round,that,6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word,It,7. _ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word,What,Choose the correct sentence from each pair,He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand

36、. He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and you wouldnt understand. Just then I noticed, for the first time, our master was wearing his fine green coat. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat,I must never tell anyone that I could not see the

37、cloth. I must never tell anyone I could not see the cloth. We think it important that we study hard. We think it important we study hard,Whether he will accept your offer, I dont know. If he will accept your offer, I dont know. I think that he will not appear. I dont think that he will appear,Whethe

38、r she comes or not doesnt concern me. If she comes or not doesnt concern me. When and where we will go are still not known. When and where we will go is still not known,I wish I saw you yesterday. I wish I had seen you yesterday. The doctor suggested that she rests for a few days. The doctor suggest

39、ed that she rest for a few days,考點(diǎn)二: 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 subjunctive mood,Its high/about time that I leave. Its high/about time that I left. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is demanded that he left at once,1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 2._he sai

40、d at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3.All finished, we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner. A. that B. which C. what D. it,歷屆高考題,4.Mr Mike didnt understand _ made his wife so upset this morning. what was it B. why it was this

41、C. how that was D. what it was that 5.I wonder_. who of them should I elect B. who of them I should elect C. which of them should I elect D. which of them I should elect,6.It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D

42、. when; that 7.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than10,000 years ago. A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska,8.-Is this factory _ the false wine was made? -Yes. And also the one _ used to sell

43、 forged cigarettes. the one; where B. that; that C. what; which D. where; that 9._Do you think _ we should do to improve our English? A./;what B. What; that C. What ;/ D. How; that 10.The argument remained extremely heated_ there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars. A. th

44、at B. whether C. if D. about which,11.Youd better give the task to _ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time. A. whomever B. no matter who C. anyone D. whoever 12._turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of winter. A. That leaf B. That leaves C. Those leaf D. Those leaves 13.Your

45、shoes are_. A. where they were B. the place you put C. in the corner that you put D. there they are,14.The boy dived into the water and after_ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. A. that B. what C. it D. which 15.When Christopher Columbus reached _is now the USA, he called the people of the

46、new world “Indians”. which B. what C. where D. the place where 16._he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didnt have much experience. A. If B. If that C. That D. That if,17. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. why B. what C. who D. that 18

47、. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 19. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what,20. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the passw

48、ord of your e-mail account. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 21. Great changes have taken place in that school is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that,22. The place _ the bridge is supp

49、osed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 23. Mum is coming . What present _ for your birthday? you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect shes got D. do you expect has she got,24.

50、 -Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 25. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. that B. what C. a

51、s D. which,26. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 27. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. why B. where C. what D. how 28. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where,29. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desir