生物有機(jī)肥的認(rèn)識(shí)誤區(qū).ppt

1、1,生 物 有 機(jī) 肥 認(rèn)識(shí)上的誤區(qū) 使用中的問題,沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 關(guān)連珠,2,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production status 二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status 三、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥存在問題 Problems on maize fertilization 四、下一步研究重點(diǎn) Emphasis on the future study,匯報(bào)提綱 Outline,一、生物有機(jī)肥的含義,有機(jī)肥料 NY5252002,有機(jī)物料腐熟劑NY6092002,生物有機(jī)肥NY8842004,農(nóng)用微生物菌劑GB202872006,復(fù)合微生物肥料N

2、Y7982004,我國現(xiàn)有國家和行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生物有機(jī)肥是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的產(chǎn)品,3,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production,氣候特征 Climate characteristic,東北區(qū)屬大陸性季風(fēng)氣候，雨熱同期；為典型雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)。自黑龍江第三積溫帶以南的中部半濕潤區(qū)為東三省玉米種植優(yōu)勢區(qū)域：其有效積溫：2300 ;無霜期110200天，降雨400 m1000 mm?？篂?zāi)能力較弱，玉米生產(chǎn)受干旱等自然因素影響較大，總產(chǎn)波動(dòng)性較大,從原料來源、生產(chǎn)加工、產(chǎn)品特性和作用功能上看： 生物有機(jī)肥實(shí)際上就是一種特定的“有機(jī)肥料”，只不過是在特定有機(jī)肥中添加了具有特定功能的微生物菌種，使

3、它除具備有機(jī)肥料的營養(yǎng)和改土作用之外，還具有微生物肥料（特定微生物菌劑）的功效,固氮？解磷？解鉀？纖維素分解,4,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,目前用于肥料的微生物菌種主要包括固氮菌、根瘤菌、解磷菌、解鉀菌、芽胞桿

4、菌、纖維素分解菌等,這些微生物菌種單一或復(fù)合存在于特定培養(yǎng)基中，即為微生物肥料，添加于已經(jīng)無害化處理的特定有機(jī)肥中即成為生物有機(jī)肥,某些生物有機(jī)肥中可能添加了單一一種微生物菌劑，也 可能添加了多種微生物菌種，但大多都添加了幾種微生 物菌種,微生物菌種復(fù)合的隨意性？微生物菌劑的作用,固氮菌:固氮酶活性最大、100公斤/畝、300天、24小時(shí) =3.6公斤畝,5,分為濕潤農(nóng)林區(qū)、 半濕潤農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)和 半干旱農(nóng)牧區(qū)三個(gè)生態(tài)類型區(qū),農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃 Agriculture zone,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production,幾種肥料的主要質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較,問題：1、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量？ 2、總養(yǎng)分量？ 3、

5、有效活菌數(shù)？（特定菌？培養(yǎng)基絕對(duì)單一,6,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,歐美國家有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)品的基本養(yǎng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)量限制的是上線,7,草原草甸型 黑鈣土、風(fēng)沙土、鹽堿土,平原臺(tái)地型 黑土、棕壤、草甸土,丘陵山地型 暗

6、棕壤、黑土、白漿土,主要土壤類型分布 Main soil type,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production,二、認(rèn)識(shí)上的誤區(qū) 1、生物有機(jī)肥并不是萬能產(chǎn)品，也并不是世紀(jì)的產(chǎn)物,我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中肥源的變化,灰肥（有機(jī)肥,灰肥+糞肥（有機(jī)肥,灰肥+糞肥+綠肥+生物肥（有機(jī)肥+生物肥,灰肥+糞肥+綠肥+化肥+生物肥（有機(jī)肥+化肥+生物肥,古代 中古及近代 近代,生物肥在我國是伴隨綠肥紫云英的栽種（北移）而發(fā)展起來的根瘤菌，已有50多年的歷史，期間至少經(jīng)歷了三次起伏,8,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil n

7、utrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,我國微生物肥料的研究始于上世紀(jì)40年代，最早研究應(yīng)用的是根瘤菌制劑，代表和奠基人有張憲武先生、陳華癸院士和樊慶笙先生等。50年代是早期發(fā)展的時(shí)期，開始研究應(yīng)用了包括根瘤菌在內(nèi)的固氮菌、溶磷細(xì)菌、硅酸鹽細(xì)菌等細(xì)菌肥料；60年代則主要推廣應(yīng)用了“5406”放線菌抗生菌肥料；70-80年代中期開始研究由

8、土壤真菌制成的泡囊叢枝菌根(AM菌根)。這3次不穩(wěn)定的起伏發(fā)展，其主要原 因是產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量無保證、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量無標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行業(yè)無監(jiān)管，以致每次發(fā)展的時(shí)間都不長,9,主要土壤耕地面積 Main soil cultivated land area,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production,耕地面積3.22億畝，主要耕地土壤類型為草甸土、 黑土和黑鈣土，黑土區(qū)是東北地區(qū)主要糧食產(chǎn)區(qū),2、生物有機(jī)肥在改良土壤，捕獲和調(diào)控植物營養(yǎng)元素，以及改善植物生存環(huán)境等方面確實(shí)具有很好的作用，但是仍然不能完全替代化肥（有機(jī)種植除外,生物有機(jī)肥的優(yōu)點(diǎn),改善土壤環(huán)境與提高土壤肥力（OM,改善土壤微生態(tài)環(huán)境，發(fā)揮微

9、生物的優(yōu)勢,與化肥配合使用提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量,增強(qiáng)植物抗逆性，改善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,調(diào)控植物營養(yǎng)元素的,10,東北地區(qū)化肥施用量與糧食總產(chǎn)變化,糧食總產(chǎn)與施肥關(guān)系 Grain production and fertilization,1995-1999年間平均1公斤化肥生產(chǎn)20公斤糧食 2000-2005年間平均1公斤化肥生產(chǎn)17公斤糧食 化肥用量呈總體增加趨勢，但生產(chǎn)的糧食呈總體 下滑趨勢,一、東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)概況 Maize production,長期施肥對(duì)作物產(chǎn)量的影響,11,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutri

10、ent condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥與化肥配合施用的玉米作物產(chǎn)量,12,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P

11、 content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥、生物有機(jī)肥、生物肥與化肥配合施用才是保障糧食安全的基礎(chǔ),化肥,有機(jī)肥,生物肥,13,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K conten

12、t was decreased significantly,3、生物（有機(jī)肥）確實(shí)在優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)中起到了重要作用，但是仍然存在著安全問題，特別是有機(jī)肥，并不是使用有機(jī)肥一定能生產(chǎn)出優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,生產(chǎn)生物（有機(jī)肥）的原料多是各種農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物，其中畜禽糞便所占比重較大，而畜禽糞便中攜帶了多種環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)。包括重金屬、抑菌類的抗生素和多種化學(xué)激素,14,允許作豬飼料藥物添加劑的獸藥品種及使用規(guī)定（農(nóng)業(yè)部1997第8號(hào)文件,15,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平

13、有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,世界各國商品有機(jī)肥中允許重金屬含量,單位：mg/kg,中國1是生物有機(jī)肥NY884;中國2是商品有機(jī)肥NY525；中國3是有機(jī)茶生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范NY/T5197,有機(jī)肥中的重金屬已經(jīng)引起世界各國的注意,16,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮

14、素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,遼寧集約化養(yǎng)殖廠畜禽糞便中的重金屬含量 單位：mg/kg,17,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P conte

15、nt was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,遼寧畜禽糞便中四環(huán)素類抗生素殘留量,單位:mg/kg,張慧敏等對(duì)浙北地區(qū)施用畜禽糞便的農(nóng)田土壤進(jìn)行檢測發(fā)現(xiàn), 土霉素、四環(huán)素和金霉素的檢出率分別為：93%、88% 和93,18,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content

16、was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)物料（廢棄物）的無害化處理是資源化 利用的前提,有機(jī)廢棄物無害化處理,有機(jī)廢棄物異味的去除,有機(jī)廢棄物中有害病原菌以及雜草種子的殺滅,有機(jī)廢棄物中內(nèi)源有害有機(jī)物質(zhì)的降解,有機(jī)廢棄物中殘留抗生素的消減,有機(jī)廢棄物中所含重金屬的鈍化,無害化處理的有效途徑是堆腐發(fā)酵，在堆腐發(fā)酵過程中添加各種掩蔽劑、吸附劑、降解菌、鈍化劑、螯和劑等,19,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient

17、 condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,豬糞,雞糞,畜禽糞便中金霉素在腐解過程中的變化,20,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable

18、, P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,幾種畜禽糞便堆腐過程中DTPA浸提Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn相對(duì)含量的變化,鉛,鎘,銅,鋅,21,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K co

19、ntent was decreased significantly,時(shí)間?短？長,22,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,Powlson et al，通過對(duì)長期施用廄肥和化肥兩個(gè)試驗(yàn)區(qū)0110cm深度土壤中無機(jī)氮含量比

20、較，結(jié)果表明：施用廄肥區(qū)每公頃積累無機(jī)氮200公斤，積累硝態(tài)氮130公斤；施用化肥每公頃積累無機(jī)氮80公斤，積累硝態(tài)氮40公斤 按照Addiscott建立的硝態(tài)氮淋失模型推測：廄肥區(qū)每年每公頃可淋失124公斤硝態(tài)氮，化肥區(qū)只有25公斤,生物（有機(jī)肥）的不正確使用也可能造成土壤中硝酸鹽的積累,23,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increa

21、sed obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,我國河北省某市郊養(yǎng)雞集中地區(qū)，蔬菜地平均每年每畝施用純雞糞5噸左右，土壤中含亞硝酸鹽0.0450.071%，含亞硝胺（主要是二甲基亞硝胺和二乙基亞硝胺）0.387.52mg/kg,有機(jī)物料腐解過程中硝態(tài)氮含量的變化,24,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P

22、 content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,施用有機(jī)肥的分解產(chǎn)物可以直接參與亞硝胺的合成 土壤中積累大量的亞硝酸鹽將參與胺的合成 長期施用有機(jī)肥，在有機(jī)物質(zhì)腐解過程中，有可能產(chǎn)生低pH的微環(huán)境，促進(jìn)亞硝胺的合成 有機(jī)肥分解產(chǎn)生可吸附胺，形成局部胺濃度較高區(qū)，有利于亞硝胺的形成,25,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,S

23、oil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,三、生物（有機(jī)肥）使用中注意的幾個(gè)問題,26,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K c

24、ontent was decreased significantly,提升土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)？ 培肥改良土壤？ 改善和調(diào)控植物營養(yǎng),有機(jī)質(zhì)含量？ 養(yǎng)分含量？ 微生物種類和數(shù)量？ 污染物含量,有機(jī)肥來源？ 有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)出量,1、有機(jī)肥的使用數(shù)量,發(fā)揮特定微生物的特定功能,27,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,an

25、d K content was decreased significantly,菜地每茬豬糞施用限量,果園每年豬糞施用限量 單位:t/hm2,單位:t/hm2,問題是沒有注明豬糞中的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)要求,中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) NY/T 1334-2007畜禽糞便安全使用準(zhǔn)則,28,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obvio

26、usly ,and K content was decreased significantly,遼寧省耕地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)年礦化總量概算,為保證土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)平衡所需要的有機(jī)肥使用量,29,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,主要

27、有機(jī)物料的腐解殘留率（旱田,30,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,主要有機(jī)物料的腐解殘留率（水田,31,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil

28、nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,遼寧省主要土壤有機(jī)肥的建議施用量,32,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable

29、 , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥中環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)，特別是重金屬含量也是決定有機(jī)肥施用量的重要參考數(shù)據(jù)。 根據(jù)食品的衛(wèi)生要求，在使用有機(jī)肥時(shí)，可以考慮用下列公式計(jì)算施肥量，或確定有機(jī)肥中允許的重金屬含量。 生物產(chǎn)量（kg/hm2）糧食質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（mg/kg）= 有機(jī)肥使用量（kg/hm2）有機(jī)肥中重金屬含量（mg/kg,33,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient conditi

30、on,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥使用時(shí)間,秋天,春天,考慮實(shí)用、安全 和方便,2、有機(jī)肥的使用時(shí)間,現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果表明，有機(jī)肥的使用除影響施肥效果之外， 也影響有機(jī)肥中環(huán)污染物質(zhì)的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化和生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn),34,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,

31、土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥使用方法,基肥,追肥,與化肥配合施用,撒、條、穴、環(huán),條、穴、環(huán)、葉,3、有機(jī)肥的使用方式,有機(jī)肥的使用方式與有機(jī)肥的種類、有機(jī)肥的使用 對(duì)象等因素有關(guān),35,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，

32、磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,作物秸稈還田,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)提升的重要手段之一,基本還田方式,直接還田（粉碎還田、整株還田,腐熟還田 (包括秸稈反應(yīng)堆,過腹還田,問題：秸稈直接還田后的土壤水分和土壤溫度直接影響秸稈在土壤中的腐解，微生物快腐劑的應(yīng)用仍然受到水分和溫度的制約，在東北地區(qū)應(yīng)用比較困難，腐熟還田和過腹還田也需要一定的條件,36,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize f

33、ertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,秸稈炭化以后作為生物黑炭還田是可以考慮的秸稈 還田方式之一,玉米秸稈炭化以后還田與直接還田，在改良 培肥土壤、以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益上的效果對(duì)比研究 是回答上述問題的關(guān)鍵,現(xiàn)有研究報(bào)告顯示：每1噸玉米秸稈可以得到,300公斤生物質(zhì)炭 250公

34、斤木醋液 40公斤焦油 800立方米可燃?xì)怏w,37,生物黑炭(biochar)是指各種作物秸稈及生活垃圾（椰殼、桃核及杏核、廢輪胎、木材、鋸末、石油基重油、纖維素、稻殼、玉米穗軸、糖、骨頭等）在無氧條件下高溫?zé)峤夂蟮墓虘B(tài)產(chǎn)物的統(tǒng)稱，主要為纖維素、羰基、酸及酸的衍生物、呋喃、吡喃以及脫水糖、苯酚、烷屬烴及烯屬烴類的衍生物等成分復(fù)雜有機(jī)碳的混合物，性質(zhì)與活性炭類似。目前主要圍繞固碳減排開展工作,38,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著

35、下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,1、有機(jī)肥料中的有機(jī)營養(yǎng)可能是有機(jī)肥調(diào)控植物營養(yǎng)、改善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)，發(fā)揮各種有益作用的主要原因之一，應(yīng)引起進(jìn)一步關(guān)注,四、展望,39,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stab

36、le , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,有機(jī)肥（物料）的有機(jī)營養(yǎng)（氨基酸含量,40,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased si

37、gnificantly,家畜、家禽糞便中的核酸含量（cmolkg干重,41,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,2、有機(jī)肥料中的腐殖酸以及微生物繁殖過程中產(chǎn)生的對(duì)植物有益的代謝產(chǎn)物（維生素B1、維生素B2、維生素B12和

38、吲哚乙酸）可能是生物有機(jī)肥料具有生理活性的基礎(chǔ)物質(zhì)，也是刺激和調(diào)節(jié)作物生長關(guān)鍵要素，更是需要進(jìn)一步明確的關(guān)鍵問題之一,42,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was decreased significantly,3、生物（有機(jī)肥）改善植物生長的微環(huán)境，誘導(dǎo)植物酶 活性(多酚氧化酶、苯甲氨酸解氨酶、脂氧合酶、幾丁質(zhì)酶、一1，3 葡聚糖酶 )，提高土壤肥力可能是增強(qiáng)植物抗逆性（抗病、 抗蟲、抗旱、抗?jié)?、抗寒、抗鹽等）的主要原因之一，需 要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證核實(shí),43,ppm,二、東北地區(qū)玉米施肥現(xiàn)狀 Maize fertilization status,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀 Soil nutrient condition,土壤氮素基本持平，磷素水平有較大幅度提高，鉀素顯著下降,Soil N content was stable , P content was increased obviously ,and K content was