英語語法專題突破 特殊句式 感嘆句 祈使句 比較句經典

1、英語語法專題突破 特殊句式 感嘆句 祈使句 比較句經典語法專題突破 特殊句式 感嘆句 祈使句 比較級感嘆句是英語的一種重要的句型，用來表示人的強烈感情。一般說來，感嘆句是由what或how引導，句末用感嘆號，朗讀時用降調。它有兩個類型，七種句式。一、用what引導的感嘆句有三種句式，此時，what為形容詞，用作定語，修飾它后面的名詞或名詞詞組。1. what+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語!例如：she is a very lovely girl! what a lovely girl she is! (陳述句中的程度副詞very, quite, really, so 要省略)wh

2、at a nice day it is!多么好的天氣啊!what an interesting book that is!那是一本多么有趣的書啊!2. what+形容詞+可數名詞復數形式+主語+謂語!例如：she bought useful books yesterday. what useful books she bought!what beautiful flowers they are!多么美麗的花啊!what good teachers they are!他們是多么好的老師啊!3. what+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語!例如：the fried rice tastes quite

3、 delicious.what delicious fried rice it tastes! (陳述句中的程度副詞quite要省略)what fine weather it is! (= how fine the weather is !)多好的天氣!二、用how引導的感嘆句有四種句式，此時，how是副詞，用作狀語，修飾后面的形容詞、副詞或動詞。4. how +形容詞+主語+謂語!例如：she is a very lovely girl! how lovely a girl she is!(陳述句中的程度副詞really 要省略)maria is very beautiful. how be

4、autiful maria is! (陳述句中的程度副詞very要省略)how hot it is today!今天天氣真熱啊!how beautiful the flowers are!這些花多么美麗啊!5. how+副詞+主語+謂語!例如：jim rums quiet fast. how fast jim runs! (陳述句中的程度副詞very要省略)how fast he runs!他跑得多快啊!how hard they work!他們工作多么努力啊!6. how+主語+謂語!例如：how time flies!光陰似箭!how she dances!她跳舞跳得多好啊!7. how+

5、形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語!此句式可與句式1進行轉換。例如：she is a very lovely girl! how lovely a girl she is!(陳述句中的程度副詞really 要省略)how old a building that is!(=what an old building that is!)那是一棟多么破舊的樓房啊!特別提示what或how引起的感嘆句，在口語中常可以省略主語、謂語或其它句子成分。例如：what a good girl!多好的一個女孩子呀!how cold(it is)!天氣多冷呀!祈使句：一.概念：祈使句用以表達命令，要求，請求

6、，勸告等。二.相關知識點精講1.祈使句有三種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，(但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子)。take this seat. 坐這兒。do be careful. 務必小心。否定結構： dont move. 不準動。dont be late. 不要遲到。2.以let開頭的祈使句let 的反意疑問句：a. lets 包括說話者。例如：lets have another try, shall we / shant we 我們再試一次，如何 = will you please let us have another try否定結構：例如：lets not talk of that ma

7、tter. 不要談這件事。let us not talk of that matter. 你不要讓我們談這件事。3.有主語的祈使句我們知道,祈使句的主語通常就是說話的對方,即第二人稱you,一般不表示出來,但在有些情況下,祈使句也可帶主語。一、為了強調指明向誰提出要求或發(fā)出命令時。例如:you go with me. 你跟我去。you tell him what i said. 你把我說的話告訴他。you take that seat. 你坐在那個座位上。二、表達氣憤;不滿;厭煩;急躁等情緒時。例如:you get out of here!你給我滾出這兒!you mind your own b

8、usiness!你少管閑事!you take your hands off me!你把手拿開,別碰我!三、表示對照或區(qū)別不同的說話對象時。例如:helen, you clean the window, and paul, you sweep the floor. 海倫,你擦窗子;保羅,你掃地。you come here, jack, and you go there, mary. 杰克你到這邊來,瑪麗你到那邊去。you ask the first question and i ask the second one. 你問第一個問題,我問第二個問題。四、當祈使句中有in, out, away,

9、up, off等作狀語的副詞,強調這些狀語而把它們置于句首時。例如:out you come!你出來! away you go!你走吧! up you stand!你站起來!五、祈使句以dont開頭,表示關照或警告對方時。例如:dont you be late again. 你別再遲到了。dont you ever forget this lesson! 你一定不要忘記了這次教訓!六、祈使句的主語也可以是第三人稱。例如:everybody stand up!大家都站起來!jack stand there. 杰克站到那邊去。someone open the door. 誰去把門打開。there

10、be句型小結本質：there be表示 存在有,即當我們告訴某人某事存在(或不存在)常用這種結構。其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義;be為謂語動詞,后面跟的是名詞,也就是主語,也就是說there be結構的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在there be 之后。一、 注意事項：1 there be 結構中的be 是可以運用各種時態(tài)的。there is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有個會議。there was a knock at the door.有人敲門。there has been a girl waiting for you.有個女孩一直在等

11、你。there will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2動詞be單復數形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語一致。并且要根據就近一致原則來變換be 的單復數形式。如：there is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。how many people are there in the city?這個城市里有多少人口。there is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有一個鋼筆和兩本書。there are two books and a pen on the desk. 課桌上有兩本書和一個鋼筆。there are som

12、e students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些學生和一位老師。there is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老師和一些學生。3 在there be引起的句子結構中，用來修飾主語的不定式主動形式和被動形式均可。there is no time to lose (= to be lost).時間緊迫。there is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不見有什么。there is nothing to do.(=to be done) 無事可

13、做。二、 結構變形：在there be 結構中還可把be 改變從而使得there be結構有了一些改變具體總結如下：1 there used/seem/ happen/appear to be 如：there might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。there appeared to be nobody willing to help.看來沒人愿意幫忙。there used to be a building here.過去這兒有一座樓房。there happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有個人在此經過。there doesnt seem to

14、be much hope.好象沒有太大的希望。2 在there be的 be 前還可以加上各種情態(tài)詞，如：there must be something wrong.一定有問題。there ought not to be so many people.不應該有這么多的人。there might still be hope .可能還有點希望。3 在there be句型中的be還可以換成其他的動詞與there連用，這些詞都是表示狀態(tài)的如：live stand exist remain等或用來描寫某事的發(fā)生或某人的到達如come, appear, enter, follow, occur等。ther

15、e lived a rich man.這以前住著一個富翁。then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲門。long, long ago, there lived a king.很久很久以前，有一個國王。there followed a terrible noise.然后是傳來了可怕的聲音。suddenly there entered a strange man.突然進來了一個奇怪的人。三、 特殊的表達方式：1there is no sense/ point in doing 做某事是沒有用的，沒有意義的there is no sense in making

16、 him angry.跟他生氣是沒有用的。there in no sense in going alone. 一個人去是沒有好處的。2. there is no need to do 沒有必要做某事there is no need to worry. 沒有必要擔心。there is no need to give him so much money. 根本沒有必要給他那么多的錢。四、 there be句式的非限定形式。there be 的非限定形式有兩種，即there to be 和there being。需要掌握以下幾個情況：1作主語當作主語時，一般是there being結構，當句式中有f

17、or時，一般用there to be如：there being a shop here is a great advantage. 這兒有個商店，真是方便極了。there being a house with a garden is of great value. 擁有花園的房子是很有價值的。2 作賓語作動詞賓語時，一般用there to be 結構。常見動詞有：expect, mean, intend want, prefer等：we expect there to be no argument.我們希望不會出現爭吵。people dont want there to be anther w

18、ar.人們不希望再有戰(zhàn)爭。作介詞的賓語一般用there being句式，但當是for時一般用there to be句式。this depended on there being a sudden change. 這需要有一個突然的改變。the teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老師在等著大家都安靜下來。3 作狀語用作狀語的there be的形式通常用there being結構。there being no buses, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們不得不走著回家。there being

19、no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.屋里沒人，我們意識到哭喊是沒有用的。there being nothing else to do, we went home happily. 由于沒事可做，我們快樂地回家了。注意：如果句中出現for時應用there to be。it was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，沒有公共汽車了比較級句式一、the+比較級, the+比較級此句型表示后者隨著前者的變化而變化，意為越就越，前者相當于一個條件句，因此，要用一般現在

20、時代替一般將來時。如：the better i knew him, the more i liked him. 我越了解他就越喜歡他。the more difficult the questions are, the less likely ill be able to answer them. 題目越難我越答不出。二、the+比較級+of the two表示兩者中較的那個人或物時，在比較級前加定冠詞the。如：he is the taller of the two. 他是兩人中較高的那個。she was the more promising worker of the two. 她是兩人之中

21、更有培養(yǎng)前途的工人。三、比較級+and+比較級此句型表示越來越，單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞用-er+and +-er，如：things are getting better and better every day. 情況一天天好起來。its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越來越困難了。holiday nights are getting less and less expensive. 假日機票越來越便宜了。四、not +比較級+ than / no +比較級+ than比較級前加not，表示前者不如后者，與not asas相當

22、;比較級前加no是對兩者的否定，意為和一樣不，與neithernor或as+相反意義的形容詞或副詞+as相當。如：he is not taller than me. 他不如我高。he is no taller than me. 他同我一樣不高。(即一樣矮)his english is not better than mine. 他的英語不如我的英語好。his english is no better than mine. 他的英語同我的英語一樣不好。(即一樣差)you are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔細。you are no more careful

23、 than he is. 你和他一樣不仔細。(即一樣粗心)五、no more than與not more than兩者均可表示數量，前者表示僅僅、只不過，強調少;而后者表示不多于、至多。如：this test takes no more than thirty minutes. 這個測驗只需30分鐘。for thirty years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年來，他只干了他需要干的工作。he has not more than three children. 他最多 3 個孩子(有或許還不到 3 個之意)。六、no morethan與not morethan兩者均可用于比較，前者表示對兩者都否定，意為同一樣不(=neit