電子時鐘設計實驗報告

1、. 單片機電子時鐘設計報告1、 設計任務 本次課程設計的電子時鐘電路，是基于單片機STC89C52、時鐘芯片和液晶顯示，運用C語言編程實現。電子時鐘可以顯示日期的年、月、日和時間的時、分、秒，具有復位功能。2、 系統(tǒng)硬件設備及芯片簡介 數字電子鐘系統(tǒng)設計已經成熟，但是目前系統(tǒng)設計時基本 都是采用 LED 作為顯示電路，造成硬件電路復雜、功耗高、產 品體積龐大等特點；液晶顯示模塊由于具有低功耗、壽命長、 體積小、顯示內容豐富、價格低、接口控制方便等優(yōu)點，因此 在各類電子產品中被極廣泛地推廣和應用。字符型液晶顯示模 塊是一類專門用于顯示字母、數字、符號等點陣式液晶顯示模 塊。本系統(tǒng)設計采用字符型液

2、品顯示模塊 LCD1602 作為顯示器 件，這樣不僅簡化了系統(tǒng)的硬件設計，而且極大地提高了系統(tǒng) 的可靠性。1LCD1602 簡介字符型液晶顯示模塊 LCD1602 已經是單片機應用設計中 最常用的信息顯示器件。LCD1602 可以顯示兩行，每行 16 個 字符，采用5V 電源供電，外圍電路配置簡單，價格便宜，具 有很高的性價比。2LCD1602 功能介紹2.1 引腳功能LCD1602 采用標準 14 腳（無背光）或 16 腳（帶背光）接口，各引腳功能見表 1。表 1 引腳功能編號符號引腳說明編號符號引腳說明1VSS電源地9D2Data I/O2VDD電源正極10D3Data I/O3VL液晶顯

3、示偏壓信號11D4Data I/O4RS數據/命令選擇端12D5Data I/O5R/W讀/寫選擇端13D6Data I/O6E使能信號14D7Data I/O7D0Data I/O15BLA背光源正極8D1Data I/O16BLK背光源負極2.2 LCD1602 讀寫指令LCD1602 讀寫指令較多且較復雜，具體使用可以查相關資料，下面僅列出最常用的的一些命令：寫指令 38H：顯示模式設置；寫指令 08H：顯示關閉；寫指令 01H：顯示清屏；寫指令 06H：顯示光標移動設置；寫指令 0CH：顯示開及光標設置。2.3 LCD1602 讀寫操作時序LCD1602 讀寫操作時序總體上來說是比較簡

4、單的，掌握其有兩種方法：一種是只看時序圖，另外一種方法是直接記憶和總結讀寫時電平高低和變化。很顯然第二種更簡單和直接，下面就列出典型讀寫的時序要求，以方便編寫程序。（1） 讀狀態(tài)：輸入：RSL，RWH，EH。 輸出：D0D7狀態(tài)字。（2） 寫指令：輸入：RSL,RWL,D0D7指令碼，E上升沿。輸出：無。（3）讀數據：輸入：RSH，RWH，EH。輸出：D0D7數據。（4）寫 數 據：輸入：RSH,RWL,D0D7數據，E上升沿。輸出：無。2.4 LCD1602 顯示方法液晶顯示模塊是慢速顯示器件，所以在執(zhí)行每條指令之前一定要確認模塊的忙標志為低電平（即不忙），否則該指令失效。顯示字符時，要先輸

5、入顯示字符地址，即告訴模塊在哪里顯示字符。因為寫入顯示地址時要求最高位 D7 恒定為高電平，所以實際寫入的數據應該是要顯示地址值加上 80H，即將最高位 D7 置為 1。在使用此顯示模塊時一般要對其進行初始化，設置所需要的顯示參數。液晶模塊在顯示字符時光標是自動右移的，無需人工干預。每次輸入指令前，都要判斷液晶模塊是否處于忙狀態(tài)。3數字電子鐘硬件電路設計硬件電路系統(tǒng)設計主要由單片機最小系統(tǒng)、輸入電路、輸 出電路等組成。單片機最小系統(tǒng)同所有單片機系統(tǒng)，在此不作 討論。輸入電路主要時間調節(jié)電路，為簡化系統(tǒng)我們使兩個外 部中斷來調節(jié)“時”和“分”數值，即將 INT0、INT1 分別接 兩個按鈕。LC

6、D 顯示器和單片機接口電路可以采用總線方式或 者是模擬口線方式，本設計采用第二種方式，即以單片機 I/O 模擬控制信號。具體電路見圖 1，P0 口作為數據，并接上拉電 阻提升電壓，P2.0 接 LCD 的 RS 端、P2.1 接 LCD 的 R/W 端、 P2.2 接 LCD 的 E 端，“分”調節(jié)按鈕接 INT0，“時”調節(jié)按鈕 接 INT1，圖 1 省略了電源和單片機最小系統(tǒng)電路。圖 1 數字電子鐘硬件電路 3、 設計電路圖及程序1. 電路圖如下原理圖如下：2. 程序共有四段程序，用Keil仿真是程序列表如圖Regx52.h程序為：#ifndef _AT89X52_H_#define _A

7、T89X52_H_sfr P0 = 0x80;sfr SP = 0x81;sfr DPL = 0x82;sfr DPH = 0x83;sfr PCON = 0x87;sfr TCON = 0x88;sfr TMOD = 0x89;sfr TL0 = 0x8A;sfr TL1 = 0x8B;sfr TH0 = 0x8C;sfr TH1 = 0x8D;sfr P1 = 0x90;sfr SCON = 0x98;sfr SBUF = 0x99;sfr P2 = 0xA0;sfr IE = 0xA8;sfr P3 = 0xB0;sfr IP = 0xB8;sfr T2CON = 0xC8;sfr T2

8、MOD = 0xC9;sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;sfr TL2 = 0xCC;sfr TH2 = 0xCD;sfr PSW = 0xD0;sfr ACC = 0xE0;sfr B = 0xF0;/*-P0 Bit Registers-*/sbit P0_0 = 0x80;sbit P0_1 = 0x81;sbit P0_2 = 0x82;sbit P0_3 = 0x83;sbit P0_4 = 0x84;sbit P0_5 = 0x85;sbit P0_6 = 0x86;sbit P0_7 = 0x87;/*-PCON Bit Values-*/#

9、define IDL_ 0x01#define STOP_ 0x02#define PD_ 0x02 /* Alternate definition */#define GF0_ 0x04#define GF1_ 0x08#define SMOD_ 0x80/*-TCON Bit Registers-*/sbit IT0 = 0x88;sbit IE0 = 0x89;sbit IT1 = 0x8A;sbit IE1 = 0x8B;sbit TR0 = 0x8C;sbit TF0 = 0x8D;sbit TR1 = 0x8E;sbit TF1 = 0x8F;/*-TMOD Bit Values-

10、*/#define T0_M0_ 0x01#define T0_M1_ 0x02#define T0_CT_ 0x04#define T0_GATE_ 0x08#define T1_M0_ 0x10#define T1_M1_ 0x20#define T1_CT_ 0x40#define T1_GATE_ 0x80#define T1_MASK_ 0xF0#define T0_MASK_ 0x0F/*-P1 Bit Registers-*/sbit P1_0 = 0x90;sbit P1_1 = 0x91;sbit P1_2 = 0x92;sbit P1_3 = 0x93;sbit P1_4

11、= 0x94;sbit P1_5 = 0x95;sbit P1_6 = 0x96;sbit P1_7 = 0x97;sbit T2 = 0x90; /* External input to Timer/Counter 2, clock out */sbit T2EX = 0x91; /* Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & dir ctl */*-SCON Bit Registers-*/sbit RI = 0x98;sbit TI = 0x99;sbit RB8 = 0x9A;sbit TB8 = 0x9B;sbit REN = 0x9C;sbi

12、t SM2 = 0x9D;sbit SM1 = 0x9E;sbit SM0 = 0x9F;/*-P2 Bit Registers-*/sbit P2_0 = 0xA0;sbit P2_1 = 0xA1;sbit P2_2 = 0xA2;sbit P2_3 = 0xA3;sbit P2_4 = 0xA4;sbit P2_5 = 0xA5;sbit P2_6 = 0xA6;sbit P2_7 = 0xA7;/*-IE Bit Registers-*/sbit EX0 = 0xA8; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 0 */sbit ET0 = 0xA9; /* 1=E

13、nable Timer 0 interrupt */sbit EX1 = 0xAA; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 1 */sbit ET1 = 0xAB; /* 1=Enable Timer 1 interrupt */sbit ES = 0xAC; /* 1=Enable Serial port interrupt */sbit ET2 = 0xAD; /* 1=Enable Timer 2 interrupt */sbit EA = 0xAF; /* 0=Disable all interrupts */*-P3 Bit Registers (Mnemon

14、ics & Ports)-*/sbit P3_0 = 0xB0;sbit P3_1 = 0xB1;sbit P3_2 = 0xB2;sbit P3_3 = 0xB3;sbit P3_4 = 0xB4;sbit P3_5 = 0xB5;sbit P3_6 = 0xB6;sbit P3_7 = 0xB7;sbit RXD = 0xB0; /* Serial data input */sbit TXD = 0xB1; /* Serial data output */sbit INT0 = 0xB2; /* External interrupt 0 */sbit INT1 = 0xB3; /* Ext

15、ernal interrupt 1 */sbit T0 = 0xB4; /* Timer 0 external input */sbit T1 = 0xB5; /* Timer 1 external input */sbit WR = 0xB6; /* External data memory write strobe */sbit RD = 0xB7; /* External data memory read strobe */*-IP Bit Registers-*/sbit PX0 = 0xB8;sbit PT0 = 0xB9;sbit PX1 = 0xBA;sbit PT1 = 0xB

16、B;sbit PS = 0xBC;sbit PT2 = 0xBD;/*-T2CON Bit Registers-*/sbit CP_RL2= 0xC8; /* 0=Reload, 1=Capture select */sbit C_T2 = 0xC9; /* 0=Timer, 1=Counter */sbit TR2 = 0xCA; /* 0=Stop timer, 1=Start timer */sbit EXEN2= 0xCB; /* Timer 2 external enable */sbit TCLK = 0xCC; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 ove

17、rflow, 1=Timer 2 */sbit RCLK = 0xCD; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */sbit EXF2 = 0xCE; /* Timer 2 external flag */sbit TF2 = 0xCF; /* Timer 2 overflow flag */*-T2MOD Bit Values-*/#define DCEN_ 0x01 /* 1=Timer 2 can be configured as up/down counter */#define T2OE_ 0x02 /* Timer 2

18、 output enable */*-PSW Bit Registers-*/sbit P = 0xD0;sbit FL = 0xD1;sbit OV = 0xD2;sbit RS0 = 0xD3;sbit RS1 = 0xD4;sbit F0 = 0xD5;sbit AC = 0xD6;sbit CY = 0xD7;/*-Interrupt Vectors:Interrupt Address = (Number * 8) + 3-*/#define IE0_VECTOR0 /* 0x03 External Interrupt 0 */#define TF0_VECTOR1 /* 0x0B T

19、imer 0 */#define IE1_VECTOR2 /* 0x13 External Interrupt 1 */#define TF1_VECTOR3 /* 0x1B Timer 1 */#define SIO_VECTOR4 /* 0x23 Serial port */#define TF2_VECTOR5 /* 0x2B Timer 2 */#define EX2_VECTOR5 /* 0x2B External Interrupt 2 */#endifLCD1602驅動程序為：#ifndef LCD_CHAR_1602_2005_4_9#define LCD_CHAR_1602_

20、2005_4_9#include /Port Definitions*sbit LcdRs= P20;sbit LcdRw= P21;sbit LcdEn = P22;sfr DBPort = 0x80;/P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.數據端口/內部等待函數*unsigned char LCD_Wait(void)LcdRs=0;LcdRw=1;_nop_();LcdEn=1;_nop_();/while(DBPort&0x80);/在用Proteus仿真時，注意用屏蔽此語句，在調用GotoXY()時，會進入死循環(huán)， /可能在寫該控制字時，該模塊沒有返回寫入完

21、備命令，即DBPort&0x80=0x80 /實際硬件時打開此語句LcdEn=0;return DBPort;/向LCD寫入命令或數據*#define LCD_COMMAND0 / Command#define LCD_DATA1 / Data#define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN0x01 / 清屏#define LCD_HOMING 0x02 / 光標返回原點void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input)LcdEn=0;LcdRs=style;LcdRw=0;_nop_();DBPort=input;_nop_();/注意順序LcdEn

22、=1;_nop_();/注意順序LcdEn=0;_nop_();LCD_Wait();/設置顯示模式*#define LCD_SHOW0x04 /顯示開#define LCD_HIDE0x00 /顯示關 #define LCD_CURSOR0x02 /顯示光標#define LCD_NO_CURSOR0x00 /無光標 #define LCD_FLASH0x01 /光標閃動#define LCD_NO_FLASH0x00 /光標不閃動void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|Display

23、Mode);/設置輸入模式*#define LCD_AC_UP0x02#define LCD_AC_DOWN0x00 / default#define LCD_MOVE0x01 / 畫面可平移#define LCD_NO_MOVE0x00 /defaultvoid LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode);/移動光標或屏幕*/*#define LCD_CURSOR0x02 #define LCD_SCREEN0x08#define LCD_LEFT0x00#define LCD_RIG

24、HT0x04void LCD_Move(unsigned char object, unsigned char direction)if(object=LCD_CURSOR)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x10|direction);if(object=LCD_SCREEN)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x18|direction);*/初始化LCD*void LCD_Initial()LcdEn=0;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); /8位數據端口,2行顯示,5*7點陣LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38);LCD_Se

25、tDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); /開啟顯示, 無光標LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); /清屏LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); /AC遞增, 畫面不動/*void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)if(y=0)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x);if(y=1)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40);void Print(unsigned char *str)while(*

26、str!=0)LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str);str+;/*void LCD_LoadChar(unsigned char user8, unsigned char place)unsigned char i;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x40|(place*8);for(i=0; i0; i-) DS1302_IO = ACC0; /相當于匯編中的 RRC DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; ACC = ACC 1; unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) /實時時鐘讀取一字節(jié)(內部函數) un

27、signed char i; for(i=8; i0; i-) ACC = ACC 1; /相當于匯編中的 RRC ACC7 = DS1302_IO; DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; return(ACC); void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa)/ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要寫的數據 DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); / 地址，命令 DS1302Inp

28、utByte(ucDa); / 寫1Byte數據 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr)/讀取DS1302某地址的數據 unsigned char ucData; DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); / 地址，命令 ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); / 讀1Byte數據 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; ret

29、urn(ucData);void DS1302_SetProtect(bit flag) /是否寫保護if(flag)Write1302(0x8E,0x10);elseWrite1302(0x8E,0x00);void DS1302_SetTime(unsigned char Address, unsigned char Value) / 設置時間函數DS1302_SetProtect(0);Write1302(Address, (Value/10)Second = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS

30、1302_MINUTE);Time-Minute = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_HOUR);Time-Hour = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY);Time-Day = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK);Time-Week = (ReadValue&0x7

31、0)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MONTH);Time-Month = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR);Time-Year = (ReadValue&0x70)4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time)Time-DateString0 = Time-Year/10 + 0;Time-DateString1 = Time-Year%

32、10 + 0;Time-DateString2 = -;Time-DateString3 = Time-Month/10 + 0;Time-DateString4 = Time-Month%10 + 0;Time-DateString5 = -;Time-DateString6 = Time-Day/10 + 0;Time-DateString7 = Time-Day%10 + 0;Time-DateString8 = 0;void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time)Time-TimeString0 = Time-Hour/10 + 0;Time-TimeString1 =

33、 Time-Hour%10 + 0;Time-TimeString2 = :;Time-TimeString3 = Time-Minute/10 + 0;Time-TimeString4 = Time-Minute%10 + 0;Time-TimeString5 = :;Time-TimeString6 = Time-Second/10 + 0;Time-TimeString7 = Time-Second%10 + 0;Time-DateString8 = 0;void Initial_DS1302(void)unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);if(Second&0x80) DS1302_SetTime(DS1302_SECOND,0);/*void BurstWrite1302(unsigned char *pWClock)/往DS1302寫入時鐘數據(多字節(jié)方式) unsigned char