高級英語-The-Sad-Young-Men-課件

1、,Advanced English Lesson ten The Sad Young Men Ben,Unit 10,The Sad Young Men by Rod W. Horton the latter, by Gertrude Stein. They were applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace

2、 them only by despair or cynical hedonism. After WWII appeared The Beat Generation in US. It was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s. During the 1960s “beat” ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements, and those who practiced the “beat

3、” life style were called “hippies”. At this time there appeared in England a group called The Angry Young Men. This term was applied to a group of English writers of the 1950s whose heroes shared certain rebellious and critical attitudes towards society.,I. Background Knowledge,C.Other literary figu

4、res: -Gertrude Stein -E. Hemingway,1. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) American author and patron of the arts. A celebrated personality, she encouraged, aided, and influencedthrough her patronage as well as through her writingmany literary and artistic figures. The fifth and youngest child of the Daniel a

5、nd Amelia Stein family, Gertrude was born on February 3, 1874 into upper middle class surroundings in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. In 1902 she went abroad and from 1903 until her death lived chiefly in Paris. When she was 3 years old the family moved to Vienna and then on to Paris before returning to Am

6、erica in late 1878. So I was five years old when we came back to America having known Austrian German and French French, and now American English, a nice world if there is enough of it, and more or less there always is.,Her father moved the family to Oakland, California soon after their return. Her

7、brother Leo, 2 years her senior, and Gertrude found like interests and became close allies through much of their early lives. Gertrude was 8 when she made her first attempt at writing. Reading became an obsession for her beginning with Shakespeare and books on natural history. Gertrudes love affair

8、with words would later reveal itself in her own works. In school she was fascinated with the structuring of sentences. I suppose other things may be more exciting to others.I like the feeling the everlasting feeling of sentences as they diagram themselves.,In 1891 her father died suddenly, and the o

9、ldest brother Michael assumed the position of earning a living for the family. The Steins moved to San Francisco where Gertrude became intrigued by the theater and opera.a passion she would continue after she moved to Baltimore in 1892 to live with a wealthy aunt. .how strange it was for me coming f

10、rom a rather desperate inner life I had been living for the last few years to a cheerful life of all aunts and uncles. Gertrude entered Radcliffe College in 1893. As a student she developed a special philosophical relationship with her teacher, William James. James told her, I hope you will pardon m

11、e if you recognize some features of my ideal student as your own.,On a particularly nice spring day during final exams in James course she wrote at the top of her paper. Dear Professor James, I am sorry but really I do not feel a bit like an examination paper in philosophy today. The next day she re

12、ceived a postcard from James saying, I understand perfectly how you feel I often feel like that myself. and then gave her the highest mark in his course. With philosophy and psychology courses behind her, Gertrude decided on a career in medicine and enrolled at Johns Hopkins University. She later st

13、udied medicine in Europe and eventually dismissed the whole idea. Wanderlust had captured her attention as she traveled through Italy, Germany, and England.living for awhile with brother Leo in London.,She returned to America to live with friends in New York. It was here that she wrote her first nov

14、el Q.E.D. It would, for some reason, be lost for 30 years and not be published until 4 years after her death under the title of Things As They Are. Leo Stein moved to Paris and took up residence at 27 Rue de Fleurus. Gertrude joined him in 1904, and would not touch foot upon American soil again for

15、30 years. soon becoming a legend in her own time. Steins best known works are: Three Lives (1909), The Making of Americans (1925), Autobiography of Alive B. Toklas (1933).,2. Ernest Hemingway,Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) American novelist and short story writer, one of the great American writers of

16、the 20th century.,His fiction focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse and often

17、 monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter.,During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with

18、the expatriate circle surrounding Gertrude Stein. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises (1926), he was recognized as the spokesman of the “l(fā)ost generation”.,During the Spainish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side; from this experience came his great novel, For Wh

19、om the Bell Tolls (1940). Hemingway fought in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. His novelette The Old Man and the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman.,In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Owing to ill health and diminishing m

20、ental faculties, in July 1961, he commmitted suicide by shooting himself.,II. Words and Expressions,1. romanticize(L2, P1) vt.使浪漫化, 使傳奇化 romantically adv.浪漫地 romanticism n.浪漫精神, 浪漫主義 romanticist n.浪漫主義者 romanza n.浪漫曲, 敘事短詩, 抒情短詩,Words and expressions,2. speakeasy (L7, P1) - a place where alcoholic d

21、rinks are sold illegally during Prohibition. 3. Puritan morality (L7, P1) - extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. 4. flask-toting(L10, P1) - adj. always carrying a sm

22、all flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor.,Words and expressions,5. sheik (L10, P1) - a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted 6. flapper(L11, P1) - (colloq.) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress. 7. drugstore cowboy (L11, P1)

23、 - a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures,Words and expressions,8. Victorian(L1, P3) - showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc. generally attributed to Victorian England over which Queen Victoria ruled (1837-1901) 9. Bohemian (L5, P4) - a perso

24、n, especially an artist, poet, etc. who lives in an unconventional, nonconforming way,Words and expressions,10. Prohibition(L12, P4) - the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes (the period of 1920-1933), the prohibition by Federal l

25、aw. 11. jingoism(L7, P5) n.主戰(zhàn)論, 武力外交政策,沙文主義,侵略主義 jingoist n.沙文主義者, 侵略主義者 jingo n.沙文主義者,Words and expressions,12. soap opera (L15, P5) - a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic, sentimental nature. It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies. 13.

26、 Greenwich Village(L1, P7) - section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan; noted as a center for artists, writers, etc. 14. Babbittry(L9, P7) - (after George Babbitt, title character of a satirical novel by Sinclair Lewis) a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business

27、and social success and indifferent to cultural values. n. 市儈作風(fēng)、庸俗之人 Philistine n. (中東古國)腓力斯人, 仇敵, 俗氣的人; adj. 俗氣的, 無教養(yǎng)的,Words and expressions,15. fast(L7, P8) - adj. living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way 16. boobery (L12, P9) - same as Babbittry, smug, self-satisfied, conformist in cultural matt

28、ers n. 愚人之統(tǒng)稱, 愚笨; booby: n. 呆子, 傻瓜 17. keep up with the Joneses (L22, P9) - strive to get all the material things ones neighbors or associates have.,III. Introduction to the Text,1. Type of literature a piece of expositive writing 2. Main idea explaining a period in American history; it focuses on a

29、ttitudes, revolt of the young peopledisappointed and disillusioned writers and artists, back from World War I (1914-1918), once lived abroad as expatriates, later returned voluntarily. They were called Lost Generation because they were critical and rebellious. However, they never lost because they w

30、ere creative and productive.,3. The theme “ The intellectuals of the twenties, the sad young men, cursed their luck but didnt die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in liter

31、ary experience.” 4. Clear and simple structural organization - P. 1 : introducing the subject - P. 2-9: supporting and developing the thesis - P. 10-11: bringing the discussion to an end,IV. Text Analysis,1. Identifying and understanding Americanisms in this essay -speakeasy -sheik -flask-toting -dr

32、ugstore cowboy -flapper -Babbittry -soap opera -fast -boobery,2. Effective Writing Skills 1). Effective use of topic sentences 2). Developing a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis in each paragraph or paragraph unit. 3. Rhetorical Devices 1). metaphor 2). personification 3). m

33、etonymy 4). transferred epithet,4. Special Difficulties 1). Prefixes “-un” and “-in” (-im, -il, -ir) bearing a negative meaning 2). Paraphrasing some sentences 3). Identifying figures of speech,V. Detailed Study of the Text,Part I Paragraph 1 Sentence 1: sensationally romanticized: (This so-called p

34、roblem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people. paraphrase: After World War I, during the 1920s, every aspect of life in U. S. was commented upon, but people comment upon the Rebellion of the Younger Generation more than all the other aspects.

35、People treated it very romantically and sensationally.,Sentence 2: 1).The slightest mentionby the young: middle aged: Middleaged people lived through the Twenties so they can recall what life was like then. the young: The young people have only heard about all this and were very curious about the li

36、ves of young people of another generation. nostalgic, curious: Both are transferred epithets. They really modify “the middle-aged” and “the young” respectively. paraphrase: At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curio

37、us and start asking all kinds of questions.,2). memories of country road: These are the recollections of the nostalgic middle-aged. deliciously illicit thrill: A visit to a speakeasy, a very enjoyable and exciting action, was prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally. Puritan m

38、orality: excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. fashionable experimentations in amour: trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time parked sedan: in a sed

39、an car parked on lonely country roads,3). questions aboutdrugstore cowboy: Some of the questions asked by curious young people. naughty: mildly indecent jazzy: (a party) playing jazz music sheik: a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted moral and stylistic vagaries: od

40、d and eccentric dress and conduct flapper: in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress drugstore cowboy: a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures,Sentence 5: The answers to suchjazz-mad youth. 1). The answers to such “ yes” and “n

41、o”: paraphrase: People cannot give a simple “yes” or “no” answer to such questions. They should be answered with both “yes” and “no” because of necessity. 2). “yes”Problem: paraphrase: During the process when children grow up to become adults, there always exists a Younger Generation Problem. In thi

42、s sense the answer must be “yes”.,3). “no” jazzmad youth: see in perspective: to view or judge things or events in a way that show their true relations to one another. degeneration: moral corruption, depravity jazzmad: blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music paraphrase: When looking back now to tho

43、se days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that the social behavior of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behavior was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, in this sense, the answer must be “no”.

44、,Paragraph 2 Sentence 1: paraphrase: In fact, the revolt of the young people was a necessary and expected consequence of the conditions that existed in this period of history. Sentence 2: paraphrase: We must remember that the revolt of the young did not take place only in the U. S., but affected all

45、 the countries in the Western world. Their revolt was the result of World War Ithe biggest and most serious war in a hundred years.,Sentence 3: 1). It was reluctantlyor tradition: subconscious: occurring without conscious perception, or with only slight perception, on the part of the individual trad

46、ition: stories, beliefs, customs, etc., handed down orally from generation to generation paraphrase: Some people in the U.S. fully understood, though unwillingly, that the U.S. should no longer remain isolated politically or in matters of social customs and practices. If these people did not state t

47、heir views openly, at least, they understood it subconsciously.,2). We had reachedbordering oceans: reach international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nations in the world provincial: narrow in outlook/views, limited like that of rural provinces. Here

48、the word means narrow like that of a single countrythe U.S. paraphrase: metaphor, comparing “provincial morality” to “artificial walls”. We have become a world power so we can no longer in our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own country, nor can we remain isol

49、ated geographically protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In other words, the U.S. can no longer pursue a policy of isolationism.,Paragraph 3 Sentence 1: Victorian: showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc. generally attributed to Victorian England gentility: the qualit

50、y of being genteel; now, specifically excessive or affected refinement and elegance paraphrase: In any case, America could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.,Sentence 2: roaring: very active or successful; brisk impersonality: the lack or absence of a pe

51、rsonal or human character; the quality or state of not involving personal feelings or the emotions aggressiveness: implies a bold and energetic pursuit of ones ends, connoting, in derogatory usage, a ruthless desire to dominate and, in a favorable sense, enterprise, initiative, etc. code: any set of

52、 principles or rules of conduct paraphrase: After World War I, America became a highly industrialized country. There were big successful factories operating everywhere. Business became huge corporations devoid of any human feelings and the ruthless desire to dominate was exercised to a large scale.

53、In this new atmosphere, the principles of polite, courteous and considerate behavior and conduct that were formed in a quieter and less competitive age (before World War I) could no longer exist.,Sentence 3: medium: environment battle for success: metaphor. They had to fight as in a battle in order

54、to become successful. paraphrase: With or without a war, as one generation followed another, the young people found it increasingly difficult to accept standards of behavior that seemed in no way to be related to the noisy, busy world of business, and it was in this bustling business world that they

55、 were expected to become successful.,Sentence 4: 1). The war actedsocial structure: agent: an active force or substance producing an effect catalytic agent: catalyst; a person or thing acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result paraphrase: metaphor, the war being compared to a ca

56、talytic agent. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure. 2). by precipitatingviolent energies: paraphrase: By throwing our young people suddenly and unexpectedly into a World War, which was a form of mass murder, we released the violent energies which the young

57、 people had so far held in check or repressed. 3). which, after the shootingsociety: paraphrase: When the war was over, the young people used their newly released violent energies, both in Europe and America, to destroy the nineteenth-century society that was getting old and becoming unacceptable.,P

58、art II Paragraph 4 Sentence 1: challenge: anything, as a demanding task, that calls for special effort or dedication mores: customs, especially the fixed or traditional customs of a society, often acquiring the force of law paraphrase: Thus in a world where everything was changing, our young people had to take up the demanding task of reforming our traditional social customs in order to keep up with this changing world.,Sentence 2: air: an outward appearance; general impression or feeling given by sth. sophistication: the state of being artifi