英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí) 主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It

2、形式主語，主語從句是真正主語） 謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表語（predicative）: 系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞） Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall (介詞短語) My watch is gone /

3、 missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞） To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） . It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds s

4、weet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 賓語：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓 I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞） How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞） I hope to see you again. （

5、不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句） 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。 We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt c

6、ome here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. ( 副詞 ) Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞） 主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。 He was elected

7、monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞） We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞） The man over there

8、 is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句） 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原

9、因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 （以下例句按上述順序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will

10、pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 She likes English. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy 主語 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 She makes her mother angry The te

11、acher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ） Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass.

12、6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his tea

13、ching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The ol

14、d man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this m

15、onth. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow. 翻 譯 練 習(xí)：

16、主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 ） 1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我們談了很多。 4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8每天八時(shí)開始上課。 9這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京。 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 ） 1昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 6那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 8 Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9我

17、們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 10他不知道說什麼好。 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 系動(dòng)詞表語 ） 1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 3布朗夫人看起來很健康。 4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6這本書是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書。 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8他失業(yè)了。 9樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 ） 1 Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期

18、我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ） 1我們叫她Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 4他們把門推開了。 5他們把小偷釋放了。 6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 8我要你把真相告訴我。 9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 10明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。 11每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 13我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的

19、。 14他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 17她正在聽人家講故事。 18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 19我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 20他感到很難跟你交談。 21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 24我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。 There be 句型 1今晚沒有會(huì)。 2這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。 3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。 5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。 6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 7戰(zhàn)前這

20、兒一直有家電影院的。 8恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 10公共汽車來了。 11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹。 13鈴響了。 14二月份有二十八天。 KEYS 分析下列句子成分 1. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 2. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 3. 主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 4. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 5. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 6. 主語 動(dòng)詞 形式賓語 it 賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語 7. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 8. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 9. 主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 10. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 11. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓

21、語直接賓語 12 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 13. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 14. 主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 15. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 16. 主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 17. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 18. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 19. 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 20. 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 21. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 22. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 23. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 24. 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 25. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 26. 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 27. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 28. 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 29. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 30. 主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足

22、語 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 ） 1You should study hard. 2 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3That morning we talked a great deal. 4The meeting will last two hours. 5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every

23、 day. 7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8Classes begin at eight every day. 9This box weighs five kilos. 10 I lived in Beijing five years ago. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 ） 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. www.rr36

24、5.com 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.He did n

25、ot know what to say. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 系動(dòng)詞 主語補(bǔ)語 ） 1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United St

26、ates. 7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work. 9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting. 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 ） 1Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the school

27、master. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7My father has bought me a new bike. 8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9Will you please get me a new copy? 10 Shall I call you a taxi? 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞

28、賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 ） 1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John. 3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open. 5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful. 7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth. 9The guards ordered us to leave at once

29、. 10Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out. 13We wont let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month. 15Ill get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling. 19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20