不孕不育(詳解)（Infertility (detailed explanation)）

1、不孕不育(詳解)（Infertility (detailed explanation)）InfertilityThe female reproductive system & the male reproductive system1. What are the conditions for normal childbearing? What are the conditions for normal childbearing? Answer: the conception must meet the following basic conditions: the normal mature

2、ovum; the male sex ejaculation, containing normal number, morphology and motility of semen in the sperm; the fallopian tube patency, the sperm and egg can meet in the tube fertilization; the fertilized eggs must be passed into the uterine cavity the fallopian tube, and can grow to in endometrium. An

3、y of the above links may have infertility, /fuke/buyunbuyu/zigongxingbuyun/. Infertility can be caused by both sexes. 2, menstrual cycle, menstruation: female endocrine hormone regulation, endometrial bleeding occurs periodically, known as menstruation. Answer: first menstruation

4、 called menarche, age at menarche most in 13-15 age, menstrual cycle for two menstrual interval days, usually 28-30 days, 5 days in advance or delay is normal menstrual bleeding, continuous days called the menstrual period, usually 3-7 days, a menstrual bleeding about 30-50ml. 3. Egg production and

5、excretion: the egg is a female reproductive cell, a colorless translucent spherical cell with a tip size of one percent grams. When women reach puberty, under the control of neuroendocrine hormones, the ovaries have a mature egg excreted during each regular menstrual cycle. Ovulation time in the men

6、strual cycle between thirteenth and 15 days, generally can not be repeated in a short period of time. The exhausted egg can only survive for 1214 hours, such as meeting the sperm and developing in the uterus, which is the beginning of life. 4, how to know ovulation? How do you know ovulation? Answer

7、: cervical mucus, vaginal smear, hormone determination, ultrasonic ovarian, the easiest way is to wake up every morning, the basal body temperature: dont do anything (including mobile body), with clinical thermometer to measure their body temperature. And keep a daily temperature record. 5. How does

8、 sperm develop? (how do you look at the male sperm test list) and how sperm is produced? How do male sperm liquefaction time: a single laboratory): the liquefaction time of semen is just thick jelly, about 3-30 minutes after liquefaction, into thin liquid, semen coagulation in patients with congenit

9、al absence of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle agenesis, semen not more than 30 minutesLiquefaction is seen in patients with prostate and seminal vesicle disease. PH: the pH is normal, PH is 7 7.8. When the semen is acid, the motility and metabolism of the sperm decrease, and the sperm motility

10、increases when the semen is alkaline, but the alkaline excess is decreased. The semen volume of normal semen volume: 2 6ml, the average weight of 3ml, less than 1ml or more than 8ml were abnormal, semen volume decreased in prostate and seminal vesicle lesions or retrograde ejaculation. The sperm den

11、sity, sperm density, sperm density refers to the number of sperm per milliliter containing semen in the sperm density detection by count method, 20 200 * 109/L. 6, what is infertility? What is infertility? Answer: after marriage did not take contraceptive measures, normal sexual life 1 years and not

12、 pregnant, called infertility. If you have the following situations, should seek treatment as soon as possible: more than 3 months did not come menstruation in two or more of the history of abortion (natural or artificial abortion) the man suffering from acute or chronic prostatitis and the menstrua

13、l cycle is equal to or less than 3 weeks of the epidemiological history of pelvic inflammatory disease the woman over the age of 30 the man after vasectomy anastomosis, 7 infertility (infertility divided) epidemiology, infertility (infertility into class) relative infertility: answer: relative infer

14、tility: refers to one party of the couple for some reason or impede conception fertility reduced, leading to temporary infertility, such as the factors corrected. There is still the possibility of pregnancy.Absolute infertility: refers to a couple of congenital or acquired anatomical and physiologic

15、al defects, can not be corrected, but not absolute infertility: can be pregnant. Primary infertility: primary infertility: an infertile person who has never been pregnant. Secondary infertility: secondary infertility: once pregnant and then infertile. 8, infertility statistics, in all infertility, t

16、he female factor causes 45%, the male factor causes 25%, the male and female factor causes 22%, the reason unknown 8%. All infertile couples, the two sides should also go to the hospital to check, find out the reason, because the man semen than the womans examination is much more simple, and without

17、 any pain, so the husband wanted a child, first wife Mo blame yourself, should to a check. 9, the woman common infertility, what are the reasons? What are the common causes of infertility in women? Ovulation or anovulation, common causes are: A: ovulation or anovulation, common causes are: central i

18、nfluence central: such as the hypothalamus pituitary ovarian axis dysfunction, pituitary tumor, mental tension, anxiety.Beijing Yandu hospital address: Beijing city Shijingshan Lugu Street Hing Park No. 1, director of the sea for you to answer, advisory:he systemic disease caused by ex

19、cessive dieting: body weight was significantly decreased due to amenorrhea; deficiency in the diet of some vitamins; systemic diseases, endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism; hyperprolactinemia, clinical manifestations of amenorrhea or lactation; severe diabetes. The ovarian factor: ovarian fac

20、tors: polycystic ovary syndrome, amenorrhia, obesity, hirsutism; premature ovarian failure, amenorrhea occurred in 35-40 years of age; or because of tumor resection were not double cause ovarian ovulation and ovarian endometriosis. 10, the woman common infertility, what are the reasons? What are the

21、 common causes of infertility in women? Fallopian tube is not unobstructed, function is bad. Answer: the fallopian tube is not unobstructed, the function is bad. The cause of tubal obstruction is inflammation, tuberculosis, or endometriosis. Obstruction caused by tuberculous salpingitis cannot be pe

22、rformed by recanalization. If the previous ligation, tubal recanalization can be feasible. Uterine factor: uterine factors: uterine hypoplasia, endometrial tuberculosis, intrauterine adhesions, uterine fibroids, luteal dysfunction, endometrial dysfunction, and so on, affect the fertilized egg implan

23、tation. Cervical factors: cervical factors: chronic cervicitis, cervical polyps, narrow uterine orifice and so on. Vulva, vaginal factors: imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, severe vaginitis. 11, female infertility what are the symptoms? What are the symptoms of female infertility? Menstrual disorde

24、rs: answer: menstrual disorders: menstruation early or delayed, excessive volume, too little, prolonged menstruation. II: amenorrhea amenorrhea: over 18 years of age is no menstrual cramps; menstrual cramps after menopause for more than 6 months. Dysmenorrhea: pelvic inflammation, uterine fibroids,

25、uterine hypoplasia, abnormal uterine position. The dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, leucorrhea is abnormal, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and the abnormal leucorrhea: vaginitis, cervicitis (cervical erosion): the STD abdominal pain abdominal pain: pelvic inflammation, uterine my

26、ositis, ovarian inflammation, endometriosis, uterine and ovarian tumor. Milk: the milk: galactorrhea amenorrhea often associated with infertility. 12, what are the mens factors? What are the factors associated with semen abnormalities and male factors? If there is no sperm semen abnormalities), olig

27、ozoospermia, hypergasia, abnormal shape. The man oligozoospermia or asthenospermia, namely sperm number less than 20 million / ml, Huojing rate is less than 50%, more than 50% teratosperm. Such patients need help with pregnancy techniques to help fertility. No sperm or die sperm disease can not use

28、their sperm growth, you must rely on other peoples sperm. 13. What are the causes of male infertility? What are the causes of male infertility? Answer: sexual dysfunction, impotence, spermatorrhea, including premature ejaculation, do not ejaculate, ejaculation disorders accounted for 32. of male inf

29、ertility4%. The abnormal semen quality, including oligospermia, azoospermia, necrozoospermia, asthenospermia and azoospermia, precision Oligoamnios and semen liquefaction etc. Oligospermatism accounted for 15.4% of male infertility causes. The male infertility caused by varicocele accounted for 12%.

30、 Immunological factors: the presence of antisperm antibodies in the serum or seminal plasma of men, resulting in immunological infertility. Reproductive tract infections, congenital abnormalities, systemic diseases and infertility caused by unknown causes.14, infertility /fuke/bu

31、yunbuyu/zigongxingbuyun/ (both sexes) what are the factors? What are the factors of infertility (both sexes)? What is the answer: the lack of knowledge of life; the two sides caused by excessive anxiety infertility stress; immunity factors: female genital tract or blood to produce anti sperm antibod

32、ies; the man or the womans age is too large, especially the woman; the unexplained infertility, after inspection without the above reasons, but also for many years engaged in the infertility; some special work. 15, what external factors can cause infertility? What external factors can cause infertil

33、ity? Environmental pollution: environmental pollution: in addition to water, air, food pollution, electricity, magnetism, radiation, noise pollution, as well as microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, ultrasonic, X-ray, gamma ray and so on. Warm water has an inhibitory effect on spermatogenesis: for examp

34、le, long wearing tights can regulate the temperature and function barrier of scrotum. Toxic and harmful substances: toxic and harmful substances: such as heavy metals, aluminum, cobalt, lead, etc., as well as gossypol, pesticides, herbicides, preservatives can cause spermatogenesis damage. Malnutrit

35、ion, lack of trace elements and vitamin deficiency can lead to infertility. Malnutrition 16. Why does smoking affect fertility? Why does smoking affect fertility? Women smoking can interfere with and destroy the normal function of the ovary. 1. Women smoking can disturb and destroy normal ovarian fu

36、nction, cause irregular menstruation, premature menopause and infertility. Even pregnant women who smoke can also cause miscarriage, premature birth, and stillbirth. The weight of the babies is much lighter than non-smokers. Man smoking causes the decrease of sperm, the man smoking causes the decrea

37、se of sperm, smoking 20 cigarettes per day, sperm survival rate was only 50%, and the emergence of a variety of sperm abnormalities, leading to infertility or congenital malformation of children born after the. 17, why does drinking affect fertility? Why does alcoholism affect fertility? Excessive d

38、rinking may endanger the function of reproductive system. Answer: excessive drinking may endanger the function of reproductive system, lead to endocrine disorder, and change the chromosome structure and number of reproductive cells. The long-term drinkers in semen, the long-term drinkers in semen, s

39、perm number, activity weakened, and impotence, infertility and male female incidence increased significantly. Alcohol also interferes with the development and maturation of female eggs. Like smoking, drink a lot of long-term infertility can make the alcohol will hinder the development and maturation

40、 of female eggs. And deformed babies increased. For the happiness of the family and the health of the next generation of young, unmarried and married to hobby smoke wine, so as not to endanger themselves and jeopardize offspring. 18, venereal disease how to bring about sterility? How does disease le

41、ad to infertility? For men - affecting semen quality: - - answer: for men - affecting semen quality: infection of the urethra and prostate can affect sperm motility.Is suffering from serious complications after venereal disease, often lead to recurrent urogenital tract infection and the effect of ur

42、ethral stricture: urethral stricture: birth, especially the causes of prostate and recurrent epididymitis. The effect of sperm discharge: affect sperm discharge: prostatitis can cause edema caused by compression of ejaculatory duct obstruction; epididymitis can cause spermatic duct obstruction and e

43、dema, and adjacent parenchyma of testis atrophy. Severe cases can manifest as oligospermia, or even azoospermia, resulting in infertility.For women, when sexually transmitted diseases cause vaginitis, it can lower the sperm motility, shorten the sperm life, reduce the sperm number, and decrease the

44、quality of the female. When venereal causes cervicitis, when venereal disease causes cervicitis, purulent fluid kills sperm, even if it is lucky to survive, it is not easy to pass through cervix to enter uterus. The endometritis that venereal causes, changed the normal environment inside the uterus,

45、 also cannot be in the uterus implantation, send the endometritis that venereal causes, raise. Venereal disease can cause tubal obstruction, and the sperm and ovum can not meet and combine. This is the main reason for the obstruction of the fallopian tube and the obstruction of the uterus. Ovarian d

46、isease caused by venereal disease, which is caused by venereal disease, can affect the growth, development and excretion of eggs. 19, the sterile Remedise what harm? Sterile TouYi, what harm? Often due to infertility patients with social and family pressure, ideological burden is heavy, easy to hear

47、say decisions, and even to pray or take the so-called secret, resulting in the delay in treatment time. Practice has proved that infertility is closely related to age and duration of infertility. Some people with congenital malformations and no uterus are not pregnant at all. Remedise medication, no

48、t only lose the cure time, and will cause great economic losses. Therefore, all infertile patients should go to a conditional hospital, so as to get scientific treatment as soon as possible. 20, the sterile Remedise what harm? Sterile TouYi, what harm? At present, some doctor and cures infertility b

49、rand advertising spread everywhere, claiming to be resourceful, Zuzhuanmifang, in fact, is not credible. Causes of infertility are complex, at present the hospital to check some were normal and is not pregnant, and some tests such as endocrine determination, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and B type ultr

50、asonography ovulation, need to have some equipment, and also requested the doctor to have a certain level of technology and experience. Infertility patients do not listen to the doctor lies, but should have the conditions to professional hospital visits. 21, which foods can improve fertility? What f

51、oods can improve fertility? Answer: zinc rich foods: zinc rich foods: zinc containing plant foods is relatively high with millet, beans, peanut, radish, cabbage etc.; animal foods, with oyster zinc are most abundant, in addition, zinc containing beef, chicken liver, eggs, pork chops, etc. also more.

52、 Animal offal: the animal offal: this kind of food contains a large amount of cholesterol, which is about 10% of adrenal cortical hormone and sex hormones, appropriate to eat this kind of food, have certain effect to enhance sexual function.Slippery stick food: arginine is an essential component of

53、sperm formation, and can enhance the activity of sperm, smooth food: the normal function of the reproductive system of men to maintain an important role. Arginine rich foods are eel, sea cucumber, cuttlefish, octopus, wood fish, sesame, peanut, walnut. 22, which habits affect fertility? What habits

54、affect fertility? Frequency of hot water bath: answer: over frequency hot water bath: testicular sperm production needs to be 37 degrees lower than the normal body temperature of 1 degrees to 1.5 degrees Celsius environment. Data show that for 3 consecutive days in 43 to 44 degrees Celsius in the wa

55、rm water immersion for 20 minutes, the original sperm density normal people, sperm density can be reduced to 10 million / ml below, this situation for 3 weeks. In recent years, the study of hot contraception is based on this truth. Therefore, over frequency and over long hot bath is unsuitable for i

56、nfertile patients with low sperm count and low live rate. Of course, 12 times a week, not too long hot bath, and it does not matter. Malnutrition and partial eclipse: the production of sperm requires raw materials, so spermatogenesis is closely related to the level of nutrition. Malnutrition and par

57、tial eclipse: this does not necessarily eat the turtle, eel.But eat more lean meat, eggs, fish, vegetables, to protect the necessary supply of protein, vitamins and trace elements is essential. Partial eclipse of the people are often prone to lack of certain nutrients. Mental depression and excessiv

58、e fatigue: mental depression and excessive fatigue: depression and fatigue can affect sexual function and spermatogenesis. Too much riding a bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle and horse riding: the over riding a bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle and horse riding: this often makes prostate and other accessory

59、 glands by chronic strain and hyperemia, affect their function and exacerbation of chronic inflammation, affect fertility. 23, infertility couples sexual life frequency or too thin, have an impact on pregnancy? Is the frequency of sexual life or infertility in infertile couples affecting pregnancy? Women of child-bearing age have only one egg in each menstrual cycle. A: women of child-bearing age have only one egg in each menstrual cycle. Therefore, the most fertile time of the month is only 13 days before ovulation and