高中英語必修四unit1-grammar主謂一致ppt課件

1、Subject-verb Agreement,主謂一致,Subject-Verb Agreement,主謂一致是指句子的_與_在_和_上必須保持一致 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則: 1. 語法一致 2. 意義一致 3. 就近原則,謂語動(dòng)詞,主語,人稱,數(shù),The boy _ diving,The boys _ diving,is,are,語法一致,主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng),1. and,1. 兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)不同人、物、概念 e.g.Time and tide wait for no man. (歲月不饒人) The writer and the translator are delive

2、ring a speech tonight in our school. 2. 兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)同一人、同一物、同一概念 e.g. The writer and translator is delivering a speech tonight in our school. One more fork and knife is on the table.（一副刀叉） War and peace is often peoples topic.（戰(zhàn)爭與和平,1. and,3. 并列名詞前有noand (no); everyand (every); each and (each)修飾時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)

3、e.g. Every man and (every) woman _ (have) the same rights,has,語法一致 2,主語+with (together with/ along with), as well as, like, not, but, except, including, rather than, other than, besides, in addition to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語與前面主語一致 e.g. I, as well as they, _ (be) ready to help you. The students along with the teach

4、er _ (be) required the meeting. Nobody but Jim and Tom _ (be) on the playground at that time,am,are,was,every one, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, some one, somebody, something (none,neither除外)等不定代詞及each, the other作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Nothing in the box is min

5、e. Someone wants to see you,語法一致 3,none 和 neither 作主語時(shí)，謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞只用單數(shù) e.g. None of us is/ are perfect.(人無完人) None of the information has been received,語法一致 3,more than one; many a修飾名詞，復(fù)數(shù)含義，但是謂語用單數(shù) e.g. Many a student _ (be) in the classroom. More than one mother _ (receive) the flowers

6、,is,語法一致 4,receives,不定式（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語），從句作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù) e.g. To read English aloud every morning _ (do) you a lot of good. Serving the people _ (be) my great happiness. When and where we will have a picnic _ _ (be not) decided yet,語法一致 5,does,is,has not been,當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語隨名詞變化。 e.g. Wh

7、at you need are these dictionaries,語法一致 5,由kind（form，type，sort，species，portion，series）of 等修飾的主語，謂語由這些詞決定 e.g. This kind of apples _ (sell) well. A series of plays _ (be) to be on show next week,語法一致 6,sells,is,a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 謂語由quantity的形式?jīng)Q定 e.g. A large quant

8、ity of oil was put into the soup. A large quantity of apples was in the basket. Large quantities of oil were put into the soup. Large quantities of apples were in the basket,語法一致 7,trousers, pants(褲子), shoes, glasses, gloves, stockings, scissors(剪刀)等詞作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果名詞前有 a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) e

9、.g. My glasses are broken. The scissors are sharp. The pair of shoes under the bed is mine,語法一致 8,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志,意義一致,集合名詞(family,team group,crowd public,government,band, company.) 若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù) e.g. The group is (be) made up of nine students. The group are (be ) dan

10、cing happily,意義一致 1,單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer, sheep, fish, series系列, species物種, means手段, works工廠, aircraft飛行器做主語時(shí)，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g.A new means has been used . Many means have not come into effect,意義一致 2,physics, politics, mathematics等一些以“-ics”結(jié)尾的詞，指學(xué)科時(shí)屬單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Physics is not difficult to learn. Mathe

11、matics is a subject studied in nearly every school. 注：若指某學(xué)科能力，成績，應(yīng)用等或非學(xué)科含義時(shí)被看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 My mathematics are week. What are your politics? 政治信仰/見解,意義一致 3,意義一致 4,主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞some, all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定,Eg: Which is more valu

12、able, health or wealth? Which are prettier, these or those? We had some paper, and the rest was put back,意義一致 4,意義一致 5,the number of（.的數(shù)量）, the variety of(種類)用單數(shù)謂語， a number of（許多，大量）, a variety of（各種各樣的.)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語,1. The number of traffic accidents _ (have) increased. 2. A number of children _ (like) t

13、his song. 3. There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop. 4. The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising,has,like,意義一致 6,意義一致 6,表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，被看作整體時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him. Three thousand miles is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is n

14、ot too long to be carried,如強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)目，則用復(fù)數(shù)。 One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fifty years have passed since they got married,The new is sure to replace the old,the + 形容詞/分詞” 表示一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù), eg. the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the disabled, the sick The sick have been cured and the lost h

15、ave been found,但如果指事物或抽象概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),意義一致 7,Neither the students nor the teacher _ (know) what happened. There _ (be) an apple, two bananas, five oranges in the basket,就近原則,指謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞,knows,is,就近原則 1,就近原則 2,并列主語中謂語應(yīng)與哪個(gè)保持一致 ,1. You or he _ to blame. 你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。 2. _ you or he to blam

16、e? 受責(zé)備的是你還是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is,答案：C，就近一致,謂語應(yīng)該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致,We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being,此題應(yīng)選B。主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族,The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were) 2. A woman with a baby in her arms _

17、waiting for the bus in the rain. Awas Bwere Chas Dhave 3. E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,A,Exercise and Rules,Exercise and Rules,3. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of

18、English. (is/ are) 4. Whether he comes or not _ of no matter. (is /are) 5. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are) 6. Listening, speaking, reading and writing _four skills for English study. (is/are) 7. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. (is/are,is,is,

19、is,is,are,are,Exercise and Rules,8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment. A. have B. are C. has D. is 9.Every means _ been tried since then. A. has B. were C. was D. has been 10.Each actor and (each) actress_ invited to our school. (is /are) 11.Every boy and (every) girl _ got a toy train. (has/have) 12.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday. (agree/agrees,C,A,is,has,agrees,Exercise and R