英語一自學(xué)教程2012年版Unit3TextB

1、Unit 3 Text B,The Moon,Phrases and Expressions,1. tie to,與,聯(lián)系在一起；使束縛于,He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed,for almost a month,他病得厲害，已經(jīng)臥床近一,個(gè)月了,Study ties smoking to many diseases,據(jù)研究,許多疾病與抽煙有關(guān)。,I am sorry I didnt have the time to go shopping,with you. I was tied to housework,很抱歉我沒,能有時(shí)間和你

2、一起去購物，家務(wù)雜事把我拴了,2. except for,除了,之外,The room is empty except for some chairs,房,間里除了一些椅子空蕩蕩。,Your composition is well written except for,some spelling mistakes,除了幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤，你,的文章寫的不錯(cuò),3. be near to,靠近,The park is near to our school. Lets go,boating,公園離我們學(xué)校很近，我們?nèi)澊伞?The police station is near to our commun

3、ity. It,is within walking distance,警察局離我們社區(qū)很,近，步行就能達(dá)。,4. face towards,朝向,My office is in the building that faces towards,the street,我的辦公室在那座朝街的樓里。,His new house faces towards the south,他,的新房子朝南。,5. keepin mind,把,記在心里,I am not sure if he would keep what you have,said in mind,我不能肯定他是否會(huì)把你說的話,記在心里。,I wi

4、ll keep this in mind for future reference,我會(huì)記住這個(gè)，供以后參考。,6. light up,點(diǎn)燃；使容光煥發(fā),light sth up / light up sth,使明亮，照亮,The shops were brightly light up,那些商店燈火明亮。,Her face lighted up when she heard the news,聽到那,個(gè)消息，她面露喜色。,His face was lighted up with excitement,他因興奮而,滿面春風(fēng)。,7. reflect vt,反射，反映,vi,思考，考慮,refle

5、ct sb/sth in sth,He looked at his face reflected in the mirror.,他找鏡子看,看臉,The white sand reflected the suns heat,白沙地反射太,陽的熱氣。,The light reflected from the water into my eyes,光線投,過水面反射到我眼里。,8. be enough for sb. to do sth,足以讓某人做某事,The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party,這間房夠大了，我們可以在里面開舞會(huì)。

6、,The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry,這只籃子很輕，那個(gè)小男孩能提動(dòng)。,9. speak of,提到，說起,I have never heard him speak of his past,我從來沒,有聽他提起他的過去。,She always looks proud when she speaks of her son,說到她的兒子她總是很自豪的樣子。,10. otherwise,不然；另外的,He reminded me of what I might otherwise have,forgotten,他提醒了我，不然

7、我可能會(huì)忘記那件事。,He is a little careless,but he is otherwise quite,suitable for the job,他有點(diǎn)粗心，除此以外，他倒是很,適合這個(gè)工作的。,He is honest,but his twin brother is otherwise,他很誠實(shí)，而他的孿生兄弟則不然。,11. nothing but,僅僅，除了,之外沒有什么,There is nothing but a piece of bread in the,cupboard,食櫥里除了一片面包什么也沒有。,He asked for nothing but trust

8、,除了信任，他什么,要求都沒有。,Key Sentences,1.It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like,ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the,earths gravitational pull,月球是太空中距我們最近的鄰居，像我們?nèi)祟?一樣，由于地球引力的作用而和地球維系著,無法擺脫,1)Ourselves,指,human beings,2)It is kept tied to the earth by the earths,gravitational pull,實(shí)際上是由,the e

9、arths,gravitational pull kept it tied to the earth,轉(zhuǎn)化,而來,3)tied to the earth,在主動(dòng)句中是動(dòng)詞的過去分,詞短語，作形容詞短語用，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句作主,語補(bǔ)語,例如,The photograph showed the dog tied to,a post.=The dog was showed tied to a post in,the photograph,照片上，那只狗被拴在一根柱,子上,2.At other times only part of it appears bright,and we always find

10、that this is the part which,faces towards the sun, while the part facing,away from the sun appears dark,而在其他時(shí)候只有部分月盤看起來是明亮的，我,們往往知道的部分便是朝向太陽的那部分月盤,而背向太陽的那部分看起來是黑暗的,While,引導(dǎo)的句子在本句中是個(gè)并列句，而不是時(shí),間狀語從句,while,作連詞有四種意思,during,the time that,在,時(shí)候,although,盡,管,whereas,而,as long as,只要,例如,1,While the other boys

11、and girls were playing,on the sports ground, she alone remained in the,classroom,表示時(shí)間）當(dāng)其他男女同學(xué)都在操,場玩耍時(shí)，她卻獨(dú)自一人待在教室,2)While David loves his daughter, he is strict,with her,盡管大衛(wèi)很愛他的女兒，但他對(duì)她要,求嚴(yán)格,讓步,3)I have no money to spend, while you,have nothing to send money on,并列,我無錢可花，而你是有錢無處花,4)While there is life

12、 there is hope,條件,有生命就有希望,3.The light by which we see the old moon,does not come from the sun, but from the,earth,我們看到舊月所憑借的光線并不是來自太陽,而是來自地球,notbut,不是,而是”，表示并列對(duì)等關(guān),系,例如,Not that I dislike the job, but that I,have no time,我并不是不喜歡這工作，而是我沒有時(shí)間,Translate the text,月,球,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)月球距地球大約,239 000,英里,384 551,公里,它與地球

13、總保持這個(gè)距,離，變化不超過幾千英里。但稍加觀察就,會(huì)看出月球并不是靜止不動(dòng)的，它與地球,的距離保持不變，但其方位卻總是在變化,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它在圍繞地球進(jìn)行圓周或非常近,似圓周的運(yùn)行，每月，或更確切地說每,27,1/3,天繞地球運(yùn)行一圈。它是我,們?cè)谔兆罱泥従?像我們?nèi)祟愐粯?被地球的吸引力束縛著,除了太陽外，月球看起來是空中最大的天,體。但實(shí)際上它屬于小星球之一，由于距,離我們很近，所以看起來很大。它的直徑,只有,2160,英里,3389,公里,相當(dāng)于地球直,徑的,1/4,多一點(diǎn),每月，或更確切地說每,29,1/2,天都有一次我們稱為“滿月”的時(shí),候，這時(shí)整個(gè)月盤看起來非常明亮,另外一些時(shí)候

14、，只有部分月盤顯得,很明亮，我們總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一部分面,向太陽，而背向太陽的那部分顯得,很陰暗。如果藝術(shù)家們記住這一,點(diǎn),只有被太陽照亮的那部分很,明亮，他們就會(huì)畫得更好。這表明,月球本身并不發(fā)光，它就像懸在空,中的一面大鏡子，只是反射太陽光,但是月球表面陰暗的部分并不是,絕對(duì)的黑暗。通常，這部分的亮,度能使我們看清其輪廓，因而我,們會(huì)談起看到了“新月抱舊月,的現(xiàn)象。我們能夠看到舊月所憑,借的光并不來自太陽，而是來自,地球。我們很清楚海面、雪地,甚至潮濕的路面是如何將太陽光,不舒服地反射到我們的臉上。同,樣，整個(gè)地球的表面能將充足的,太陽光反射到月球表面，使我們,能夠看到本來會(huì)是很暗的那部分,月面

15、,如果月球上有居民的話，他們會(huì)看,到我們地球也像懸在空中的一面大,鏡子，反射著太陽的光。他們也會(huì),像我們談月光一樣談及地球光,新月抱舊月”，舊月其實(shí)只不過,是月面處于夜間而被地球光照亮的,那部分。同樣，月球居民偶爾會(huì)看,到地球的一部分處于太陽光的完全,照射下，而其余部分則被月光照亮,他們也許會(huì)把這種現(xiàn)象叫做“新地,抱舊地,Grammar: the process of,word-formation,構(gòu)詞法,英語構(gòu)詞方法主要有三種：即合成法,派生法和轉(zhuǎn)化法,1,合成法,將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成在一起而,構(gòu)成的新詞，叫做合成詞,1,合成形容詞,名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,例,English-speaking

16、,講英語的,south-facing,朝南的,名詞,過去分詞,例,man-made,人造,的,water-covered,被水覆蓋的,名詞,形容詞,例,snow-white,雪白的,day-long,整天的,形容詞,名詞,ed,例,warm-hearted,熱情的,kind-hearted,好心腸的,形容詞,副詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,例,good-looking,好,看的,funny-looking,滑稽的,副詞,過去分詞,例,well-known,出名,的,deep-set,眼睛）深陷的,副詞,形容詞,名詞,例,right-hand,右手的,full-time,專職的,數(shù)詞,名詞,例,100-mete

17、r 100,米的,million,pound,百萬英鎊的,數(shù)詞,名詞,形容詞,例,180-foot-high 180,英,寸高的,10-year-old 10,歲的,數(shù)詞,名詞,ed,例,four-footed/legged,四腳,的,one-eyed,獨(dú)眼龍的,2,合成名詞,名詞,名詞,例,weekend,周末,classroom,教室,bookshop,書店,形容詞,介詞,名詞,例,gentleman,紳士,loudspeaker,揚(yáng)聲器,動(dòng)詞,名詞,例,typewriter,打字機(jī),cookbook,烹調(diào)書,名詞,動(dòng)詞,例,daybreak,破曉,toothpick,牙簽,動(dòng)詞,ing,

18、形式,名詞,例,reading-room,閱覽,室,sleeping-car,臥車車廂,副詞,動(dòng)詞,例,outbreak,爆發(fā),downpour,傾盆大雨,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,例,handwriting,筆跡,sun,bathing,日光浴,名詞,in,名詞,例,mother-in-law,岳母,brother-in-law,姐夫,3,合成動(dòng)詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,例,overthrow,推翻,understand,理解,形容詞,動(dòng)詞,例,broadcast,廣播,whitewash,粉刷,名詞,動(dòng)詞,例,typewrite,打字,sleepwalk,夢(mèng)游,4,合成副詞,介詞,名詞,例,underfoot,

19、腳下,beforehand,事先,形容詞,名詞,例,hotfoot,匆忙地,someday,有朝一日,形容詞,副詞,例,anywhere,任何地方,outwards,向外,5,合成介詞,within,在,之內(nèi),without,沒,有,inside,在,里邊,into,進(jìn)入,6,合成代詞,myself,我自己,ourselves,我們,自己,anyone,任何人,nobody,沒有人,nothing,沒,東西,somebody,有人,2,派生法,所謂派生，即在詞根上加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè),與原意略有變化或截然相反的詞,1,前綴,前綴通常只改變?cè)~義，不改變?cè)~性,A,表示否定的前綴,un,構(gòu)成反義詞

20、，表示“不,例,unfit,不合適,的,unhappy,不高興的,dis,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“不,例,discover,發(fā),現(xiàn),disagree,不同意的,in-/im,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“不”，用于以,c,b,m,p,等開頭的詞,例,impossible,不可能的,imcorrect,不正確的,ir,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“不”，用于以,r,開頭的,單詞,例,irregular,不規(guī)則的,il,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“不”，用于以,l,開頭的單,詞,例,illegal,不合法的,mis,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“錯(cuò)誤,例,mistake,錯(cuò)誤,misuse,錯(cuò)用,non,構(gòu)成反義詞，表示“不,例,non-stop,

21、不停的,non-smoker,非吸煙者,B,表示其他意義的前綴,re,表示“再；又；重,re,多重讀，構(gòu)成雙,重讀詞,例,rewrite,重寫,a,表示“的”，多構(gòu)成表語形容詞,例,alone,單獨(dú)的,alike,相像的,tele,表示“遠(yuǎn)程的,例,telephone,電話,television,電視,en,表示“使”，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,例,enlarge,擴(kuò),大,enable,使能夠,inter,表示“關(guān)系,例,Internet,因特網(wǎng),international,國際的,2,后綴,后綴通常改變?cè)~性，構(gòu)成意思相近的其,它詞性的詞；少數(shù)后綴同時(shí)會(huì)改變?cè)~義,A,形容詞性后綴,1.-al,例,nation

22、national,民族的，國家,的,naturenatural,自然的,2.-able,表示“有能力的,例,eateatable,能吃的,3.-an/ian,表示“國家的，國家人的,例,AmericaAmerican,美國（人）的,4.-ern,表示“方向的,例,easteastern,東方的,southsouthern,南方的,5.-ful,例,beautybeautiful,美麗的,carecareful,小心的,6.-less,表示否定,例,carecareless,粗,心的,useuseless,無用的,7.-ic/ical,例,electricityelectric/electric

23、al,電的,8.-ese,表示“人的,例,ChinaChinese,中國（人）的,9.-ly,例,friendfriendly,友好的,yearyearly,每年的,10.-y,表示“天氣”等,例,cloudcloudy,多云的,dustdusty,多塵,的,11.-ous,例,famous,著名的,continuous,連續(xù)不斷的,12.-ish,例,childish,孩子氣的,selfish,自私的,13.-en,例,golden,金色的,wooden,木制,的,woolen,羊毛的,14.-ive,例,active,積極的,collective,集體,B,動(dòng)詞后綴,1.-fy,例,bea

24、utybeautify,美化,2.-en,例,widewiden,加,寬,sharpsharpen,削,looseloosen,使松散,C,副詞后綴,1.-ly,例,badbadly,壞地,easyeasily,容易地,2.-ward,表示“方向,例,backward,向后,eastward,向東,D,名詞后綴,1.-ment,例,agreeagreement,協(xié)議,movemovement,運(yùn)動(dòng),2.-ness,例,happyhappiness,幸福,busybusiness,事務(wù),3.-tion,例,explainexplanation,解釋,dictatedictation,聽寫,4,e

25、r,表示“人,例,workworker,工人,buybuyer,買主,5.-or,表示“人,例,actactor,演員,sailsailor,海員,6.-ist,表示“人”。例,pianopianist,鋼琴家,sciencescientist,科學(xué)家,7.-ess,表示“人或動(dòng)物”，指陰性,例,actress,女演員,lioness,母獅子,8.-ful,表示“量,例,mouthful,一口,handful,一把,9.-th,例,truetruth,真理,longlength,長度,E,數(shù)詞后綴,1.-teen,構(gòu)成“十幾,例,fivefifteen,十五,2.-ty,構(gòu)成“幾十,例,nin

26、eninty,九十,fivefifty,五十,3.-th,構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞,例,fivefifth,第五,sixsixth,第六,3,轉(zhuǎn)化法,英語單詞的詞性非?；钴S，名詞用作動(dòng),詞，動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，形容詞用作動(dòng)詞,等現(xiàn)象非常普遍，這種把一種詞性用作,另一種詞性的方式就叫做詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化,閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化詞，只要抓住單詞,的原始意思，結(jié)合句子成分，就容易弄,清它們的引申義。下面就將一些常見的,變化列舉如下,1,動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,A,有大量動(dòng)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，有,時(shí)意思沒變化,Let me have a try,讓我試一試,We stopped there for a swim,我們,在那停下來游了一會(huì)兒泳

27、,B,有時(shí)意思有一定的變化,He was about the same build as,his brother,他的體形和他哥哥差不,多,Women have an equal say in,everything,婦女在各個(gè)方面都有同,等的發(fā)言權(quán),2,名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,A,有相當(dāng)多的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞，特別是許,多表示物體的名詞用作動(dòng)詞來表示動(dòng)作,Have you,booked,your ticket,你的票訂好了,嗎,It can,seat,1000 people,它能容納,1000,人,B,一些表示身體某部位的名詞也可以作為動(dòng),詞,Hand,in your book,please,請(qǐng)把書交上

28、來,We will,back,you up,我們將做你的后盾,C,一些表示某類人的名詞也可做動(dòng)詞,If so,we shall be badly,fooled,如果這樣我們,就會(huì)上大當(dāng),He insisted on staying up to,nurse,the child,他堅(jiān)持不睡覺來護(hù)理這個(gè)孩子,D,一些表示其它實(shí)物的名詞也可用作動(dòng)詞,Each apartment can,house,a family of six,每,套房間可以住一戶六口人的人家,They,flowered,well but bore little fruit,它們花,開得很好，但結(jié)果不多,E,此外，還有一些抽象名詞可

29、以用作動(dòng)詞,Through my childhood,I had,hungered,for,education,我從小就盼望上學(xué),They,lunched,at the hotel,他們?cè)谫e館吃了午,飯,3,形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,有少數(shù)形容詞也可以用作動(dòng)詞,The train,slowed down,to half its speed,火車,速度減慢了一半,This will help,warm up,the soil,這可以幫助土,地暖和起來,Dont,dirty,your clothes,別把你的衣服弄臟了,His hair is beginning to,grey,他的頭發(fā)開始變,得花白,E

30、xercises for the Text,I,根據(jù)課文判斷句子正誤,1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T,根據(jù)課文填入所缺內(nèi)容,1,four,2,the earths gravitational pull,3,it is so near 4,29,1,2,5,its own,reflects 6,disc,7,the old moon in the new moons,arms,8,outline 9,full earth 10,night,Vocabulary Exercises,從右邊一欄中找出左邊一欄單詞的相應(yīng)定義,1.d,2.b,3.a,4

31、.c,5.e,選擇最佳答案完成句子,1,C,大部分商店晚上,8,點(diǎn)仍舊營業(yè),2,C,確切地說一年有,12,個(gè)月,3,B,事實(shí)上月球是太空中最小的星球之一，因,為距我們很近所以看起來大,4,A,月球本身不發(fā)光,5,D,鏡子反射光,6,C,他只是想和她說話，而不是讓她生氣,7,B,他沒有時(shí)間讀整篇小說，因此他只讀了一,下提綱,8,B,他在信中談到他將來的計(jì)劃,9,B,他不是我朋友，他只是個(gè)陌生人,10,D,他只是偶爾來，并不經(jīng)常,Grammar Exercises,給下列單詞加后綴，使之變成名詞,depend,dependence explain,explanation,form,formation conclude,conclusion,inform,information move,movement,mean,meaning govern,government,graduate,graduation similar,similarity,confuse,confusion pay,payment,agree,agreement advertise-advertisement,announce,announcement add,addition,decide,decision use,usefulness,attra